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	scrollableText = "The Japanese have a very special definition of what it means to be a businessman. As big cities such as Tokyo are very modern and advanced, Western people often think that the Japanese behaviour has adapted to the Western style. Ways of communicating and defining one's position in a Japanese company, however, are completely different to Western definitions as they are very much based on traditional Confucian and Buddhist values. A foreign businessman or woman who wishes to work in Japan therefore needs to be aware of and adapt to its basic principles if he wishes the business relationship to lead to a successful outcome.\r\rThe social structures prevailing in Japanese companies are extremely tight. In addition, the most important virtue is the striving for mutual harmony. In the company, the Japanese do not consider themselves as individuals but rather as a tiny part of a whole social system and they are very eager to look after the professional and personal duties that lead to the fulfilment of a perfect harmony. Defining themselves as part of a group does not make them feel unimportant, but rather comfortable and sheltered.\r\rIn fact, employers do provide shelter as are very concerned about the professional and personal situation of each and every single company member, which makes everybody feel as if they are part of a big family (in fact, the company is mostly considered as important as the employee's own family). Young graduates are being introduced by their university to the company where they start working, which, at the same time, is the company by which they will get promoted and where they will retire from. If you work in a traditional Japanese company it means that you have to be faithful to it all life long. Taking holidays is therefore considered as disloyal, especially when the break lasts longer than one week. A Japanese business man would never pretend to be ill in order to take a holiday.\r\rThe employer and the colleagues, who excessively care about each other's feelings and are very concerned not to let anybody down, offer lots of help in professional and personal life. They provide financial and personal support when it comes to wedding parties, the birth of a child, retirement, the suffering of personal loss or the death of a family member. It is quite common for businessmen to attend and help organize these events. If a young businessman is still unmarried, sometimes an employer tries to find him a wife.\r\rIf an employee makes a crucial mistake, instead of firing him, the whole company bears the consequences. However, as the social pressure of having to fulfil one's duty is very high, there have been cases when unsuccessful employees have committed suicide because they were feeling ashamed for having disappointed the whole company.\r\rThe Japanese very much distinguish between the inside ('uchi') and the outside ('soto'). They feel deeply obliged to members of the 'uchi' (family members, colleagues and close friends, people who's social rank is higher), whereas people belonging to the 'soto' are commonly ignored and treated without any personal commitment. Only somebody introduced by a person who already is part of the group is able to be considered part of the 'uchi'. This is the reason why Japanese often prefer to stay in their own group instead of establishing new contacts with somebody they do not refer to in any point. The relationship between people belonging to the 'uchi' is based on mutual trust and understanding. It is very important to try not to hurt anybody's feelings.\r\rThe feeling of being sheltered is more important than the urge to be individualistic and strive for your own goals. Decisions are never made without consulting every member of a company. People who just do as they please and who do not consider the company's but their own success in the first place, are considered immature. They are being looked down upon or even ignored and excluded from the group. Modesty and retention are the highest principles and if you obey them, you will be offered support and understanding.\r\rAlthough everybody treats each other with respect and sensitivity, there is a clear hierarchy. A person belonging to a high rank does not have to be too polite to the one belonging to a lower rank, whereas a person with a low rank has to pay close attention of what to say and which words to use. Due to Confucian influence, an employee never questions his employer. People of lower social rank are very considerate to listen to their superior's suggestions and support, as the mutual understanding is based on a teacher-scholar-principle.\r\rInfluenced by western models and reinforced by the recent change of the Japanese economy, some businessmen and women from the younger generation refuse to work at companies which demand highly personal obligations. This process, however has just come into being and it will take a lot of time to change these social structures that are so closely liked to the virtues of the Japanese society and religion.\r\rPaying attention to social obligations is extremely important if you want to work in a Japanese company. There are many books informing western as well as Japanese beginners about how to properly behave. If you are a foreigner, do not try to be individualistic or to impress anybody with your personal strengths, as otherwise you will get looked down upon and the chances for a good business relationship will vanish.";
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	scrollableText = "The Japanese are not fond of spontaneity and they do not like the idea of meeting somebody completely unknown. If there is no familiar connection between you and the company, the Japanese will not consider you as part of the 'uchi', the own group, and will not be willed to cooperate with you. The Japanese rely on a very tight and refined social network and the only possibility to be part of it is by being introduced by somebody who is linked to the company in some way.\r\rTherefore, if you want to establish a business contact with a Japanese company, it is needless to write a letter introducing yourself. You should rather look for somebody you know who might be familiar with one of the company members. If you are a foreigner and there is no connection whatsoever, try to arrange a meeting by asking the consul of your country situated in Japan to make a phone call to the company.\r\rDo not arrange a meeting short hand and do not arrange it for the morning hours. Always be punctual.\r\rWhen making a business call, wear a navy or dark grey business suit of fine tailoring and a dark neck tie. Never wear short trousers and avoid black, as it is associated with funerals.\r\rIf you are a woman, wear a navy, grey, green, brown or dark purple suit and skirt and a high-collared white, cream, pinstriped or conservatively patterned blouse. Do not wear shoes with high heels or open toes, tight-fitting and low-cut dresses and at all costs avoid flashy colours, especially red, which is considered too provocative. If you want to wear jewellery, reduce it to no more than a silver or pearl necklace and a simple ring. Always tie your hair back and do not use nail polish, perfume and too much make-up. As, if you look too feminine, you will hardly get recognized as a businesswoman. Expensive brand-name bags which are simple in design are keys to status.\r\rWhenever you meet a business colleague, speak softly and avoid physical contact. Clapping somebody's shoulder, as it is common in western countries, would make your Japanese colleague feel extremely uncomfortable. Generally, try to keep your distance. Western people commonly stand apart 45 to 60 centimetres, whereas the Japanese keep a distance of 90 centimetres.\r\rOnce you have entered the building, open the office door slightly and enter. If there is a receptionist, introduce yourself to her. Otherwise, wait for a company member to pick you up. Once you enter, lightly bow several times in short intervals.";
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	scrollableText = "The Japanese language system is very complex and the way of speaking as well as the expressions used very much depend on the rank of the person opposed to you.\r\rThere are hundreds of ways to ask one and the same question. The more polite you have to be, the longer and more elaborate the expressions are. Women use different words and phrases than men. People of high rank need not to use polite expressions when addressing somebody of a lower rank. A young businessman, on the other hand, needs to be extremely polite when speaking to his boss. Young people need to speak in a more polite way then old ones.\r\rBecause of that, people feel extremely uncomfortable if they have to speak to somebody whom they have not yet identified as socially superior or inferior. Most Japanese people therefore prefer not to speak too much before they can identify the rank of the person opposite.\r\rIn order to prevent such embarrassing moments, Japanese businessmen excessively use business cards ('meishi'). Business cards are the most important device for identifying yourself, so you should always carry some with you.\r\rThe common size of a 'meishi' is 91X55 mm. The card should have your name, the name of the company with which you are affiliated, your position ('katagaki') and the company's address and telephone number written on it. To make a good impression, use quality paper and do not display eccentric designs or typography.\r\rIf you are a foreigner, get bilingual cards printed, one side written in Japanese characters and the other side in English. It is advisable to get the cards printed before you leave. Very often, Japanese airlines provide a free service to print name cards for its passengers. For a one-week stay, it is advisable to get about 100 cards printed, as you will have to present it to each and everyone you meet.\r\rPresent your card as soon as you meet, do not wait until you settle down for a formal meeting. In order to hand over your name card with a certain ceremony, use both your hands to hold it at the top left and right corner grasped between the thumb and index finger, bow slightly and hold it so the Japanese side is exposed to the person opposite.\r\rWhen you receive a card, take it with both hands and bow slightly. Read the card carefully and, in order to show your interest, make a statement about the person's name (never use the first name), position, company or the area where the company is located.\r\rIt is polite to keep the card in your hand and not put it away immediately after you have received it. If you are on the move, however, it is acceptable to slide it into a specially manufactured card case. Never, however, slip the card into your shirt or back pocket, as this is considered rude. Do not bend it, drop it or leave it behind. A 'meishi' is considered as the 'passport' of one's personality and therefore needs to be treated with respect.\r\rFurthermore, the presentation of a card symbolizes at least the beginning of a personal relationship. Thus, a name card should be passed out selectively and only when a formal relationship is wanted. The person who holds somebody's card has some claim to its owner.\r\rSimilarly, offering a name card that you have just pulled out of your pocket looks impolite. Have a clean and crisp card ready before you meet.\r\rIf you forget to take a card with you, the person opposite might interpret it as a sign that you lack interest in establishing a good business relationship.\r\rIf you did forget, however, and you want to express your sincerity, you can send your 'meishi' to the office the next day, thanking the company members for their kind reception.\r\rIf you are not able to arrange a meeting you might leave your name card at the receptionist's desk. In that case, it is proper to write down a note in the front, asking the person addressed to have a look at the back side of the card. Write the details of your favour and message on the back of the card and sign it at the bottom or place your personal stamp on it.\r\rThe same method is used when you are being introduced by somebody who is familiar with the company. If he wants to ask the company's boss whether you might be likely to work for him, he writes a note on your card, puts his stamp on it and asks the receptionist to leave it on the boss's desk. The note might be as follows: 'I am herewith introducing my friend Takashi Osaka to you. Please excuse my rudeness in disturbing you at those busy times, but I would be delighted if you were able to arrange a meeting for him.'\r\rThe mediator has an important responsibility and the offer to introduce people is not undertaken lightly. A card with a message guarantees the bearer, and a Japanese who makes such an introduction is offering an important favour.\r\rSometimes special name card 'mail boxes' can be found at cemeteries. Visitors can drop their card into a small slot in a stone, so that the relatives of the deceased know who has been looking after the grave.";
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	scrollableText = "When you lead your guest through the hallway, walk one or two steps ahead, staying to his left or right, rather than walking directly in front of him. Even if there is a lot of space, as a guest, always follow slightly behind your host.\r\rWhen you open a door for your guest, enter first and hold it open, if it opens inward (away from you). If the door opens outward (towards you), open it and hold it for your guest before you follow him into the room.\r\rThe calendar on the wall displays a photograph of 'Mount Fuji' ('Fuji-san'), the highest mountain in Japan (3,776 metres) and probably one of its most distinctive landmarks.\r\rIts present shape was created over three generations of volcanic activities. The 'Fuji-san' is believed to have been active between approximately 100.000 and 10.000 years ago, its last and largest of all eruptions in recorded history being in 1707.\r\rThe spiritual connotation linked with its existence is rooted in a long tradition. The name 'Fuji' probably derives from the word 'fire' or 'deity of fire.' As the mountain was associated with a god of great power, in A.D. 806 a local official built a shrine near the foot of the volcano to keep it from erupting. Nevertheless, 'Fuji-san' erupted with great violence in 864, causing much damage in a nearby province.\r\rThe fiery god of the mountain became at a later date the more peaceful Shinto goddess 'Konohana Sakuya Hime', the 'Goddess of Flowering Trees.' Today she is worshipped by dozens of visitors at the shrine originally built for the older deity.\r\rA romantic story, attributed to the fifth century AD, explains the eruptions of the volcano after its emergence: one day an old couple with no children found a beautiful baby girl in a bamboo grove near the foot of Mount 'Fuji'. They named her 'Kaguya Hime', or 'She Who Lights up the Area.' The girl grew up to become the most beautiful woman in the region, attracting the attention of the local governor, who made her his wife. After a number of years of blissful marriage, she told her husband that she was, in fact, the Immortal Lady of Mount Fuji and that she was returning to the Palace of the Immortals on top to the sacred mountain. To alleviate his distress, she gave him a magic mirror in which to see her image and then she vanished. Unable to bear life without her, he followed her up to the crater of Fuji. Finding no trace of her and having nowhere else to go, he clutched the mirror to his breast and leapt off a precipice. The love that burst from his heart set fire to the mirror, and the smoke that rose from it is the smoke that used to issue from the summit of Fuji itself.\r\rThe image of the 'Fuji' is displayed on innumerable woodcuts, picture scrolls and photographs. Today the mountain is a very popular place to visit.\r\rThe calendar in the 'Sapporo' office shows the month of October. The 10th of October is dedicated to the 'National Health-Sports Day' and therefore marked red.";
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	scrollableText = "Most modern Japanese offices have adapted to the system of the open-plan office. Although everybody works in the same room, the Japanese concept of business is based on a strict hierarchy, with it being expressed in a number of unspoken ways. The most crucial thing to take into consideration in this respect is the seating order.\r\rThe person with the lowest rank (a young office lady or a 'Rank-and-File') always sits closest to the door. The desk of the department manager is therefore usually located at the very end of the room, followed by the seat of the section manager who sits to the rear facing forward. This custom is derived form the old tradition of the Samurai culture. As the samurai were cosidered as very honourable persons, they were to sit furthest away from the door, facing it. This way they were able to protect themselves from sudden attacks.\r\rWhen you walk towards the boss's desk, formulate a greeting or excuse yourself for disturbing him, lightly bowing several times in short intervals.";
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	scrollableText = "Generally, either the person with the lowest rank or the guest introduces himself and presents his card first. When a number of people are to exchange cards, the order starts with the senior persons and proceeds to those less senior. If a higher ranking person from the group you are meeting mistakenly goes to present his card to a lower ranking person from your group, the lower ranking person should be alert enough to step back a bit to let his superior exchange cards first.";
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	scrollableText = "Company members of very high positions often do not carry a card. Their card is usually presented by a colleague of much lower rank.\r\rBowing is the most important way to show your respect to somebody. All salutations are expressed by bows. It is the way the Japanese greet their friends, pay respect to each other, express thanks, congratulate, apologize, ask favours and say good-bye. It is said that company employees bow one hundred to two hundred times a day, whereas employees in department stores saluting the customers (about in a forty-five degree angle if a customer has made a purchase) do it two thousand or three thousand times a day. Bowing is a way to communicate and to express your wish to be treated well.\r\rThere are four degrees of bowing: the 'saikeirei', which is basically not used anymore today, the ordinary salutation, the light bow ('eshaku') and the informal nod.\r\rThe 'saikeirei' is made very slowly and deeply, expressing profound obedience. This bow was traditionally used for the Emperor only, as it was him who was to be paid the most respect. Until the Second World war, the Japanese were even supposed to express their respect by bowing in front of images displaying the face of the Emperor. After the Second World War, however, this kind of bow was abolished.\r\rOnce you want to make an ordinary salutation, keep your feet together, stand upright and look forward, then bend the body to about a thirty to forty-degree angle while lowering the hands, palms down, to the knees. And after a short pause, lift the head quietly. As for the ladies, the hands should be placed on the knees while bowing, so that they slightly touch. Care should be taken not to bend at a sharp angle at the hips or to lower the head only. It is most important that the bow be made quietly.\r\rIn former times, people who met on the street used to take off their coat before saluting, and they had to bow after every few words. However, this custom was replaced by the ordinary bow ('eshaku'), because it was considered too exhausting. The 'eshaku' is made in a fifteen-degree angle.\r\rWhen to use which bow very much depends on the situation and the intention behind it. If you meet a superior first time in the day, bow at a thirty-degree angle, execute it from the waist and remain in that position for about three seconds before leaning back up. If you meet him again the same day, you no not need to bow as deeply.\r\rIf you meet a person of lower rank you usually bow not as low and long as he does. If you apologize for a mistake or express your thankfulness, the degree of your bow depends on how grave the mistake or how big the favour has been.\r\rIf you meet a person who's rank is much lower than yours, you do not need to bow extensively. A short informal bow, similar to a nod with your head, is enough. Same applies to close friends.\r\rAfter you have exchanged your card and you can distinguish the rank of the person opposite, bow once again. This time your bow is meant to confirm your business relationship, and it has to be adapted to the rank of the person in front of you. If the person opposite you holds a higher position, bow first, longest and lowest. If your bow is too informal and does not suit the occasion, your Japanese colleague might interpret this as a sign that your company does not pay enough respect. A short and quick bow can signify the end of a conversation.\r\rWhen meeting western businessmen, the Japanese often feel insecure about how to introduce themselves. For some it has become common to shake hands. If you shake hands with a Japanese, however, keep in mind that the grip should not be too tight (his will seem extremely loose) and that it should not last for too long. Japanese businessmen avoid body contact (unless when they are drunk) and therefore feel extremely uncomfortable if you shake hands extensively. It which might leave the impression that you are a stubborn and demanding person.\r\rSome shake hands and bow at the same time, when they meet a western person. If you constantly work in a Japanese office, however, your colleagues will accept you as part of the group, so you should adapt to their traditional greeting style. Not bowing is equally offensive as refusing to shake somebody's hand.";
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	scrollableText = "Take care that, when hand over your card, no items, such as garbage bins or plants are in between you and the person who is to receive the card.";
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	scrollableText = "If you hold a lower position than the person opposite you and you unintentionally keep the bowing position shorter than him, lean forward again as if to apologize yourself and hold it a few seconds longer than he does.\r\rWhen someone in a superior position offers his card while seated, you should stand to receive it.";
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	scrollableText = "When you leave the room, bow to each member of the company individually. If the employees present hold a very low position and yours is very high you do not need to bow.";
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	scrollableText = "As a businessman receives thousands of name cards throughout the years, it is very important for him to keep a filing system in order not to get confused. The so-called 'meishi horuda' (name card holders), are sold in stationary shops and are essential to arrange and label the cards you collect. To keep it simple, you can make notes on each card indicating when you met the specific person and how you got introduced to him.\r\rNever make notes on the name card when its owner is present, however, as this is considered extremely rude. Try to avoid red ink in any case, as this indicates that you want to end the relationship. In former times in China red ink was used to note down the names of people who were sentenced to death.";
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	scrollableText = "When you make a phone call, straighten up und smile. As the impression you leave with a customer is very important, your voice should sound pleasant in order to express your cooperativeness.\r\rAs to express their true intention, most Japanese businessmen even bow when they apologize on the phone.\r\rIf you call somebody, start the conversation by asking whether it is alright for the person to take ten minutes to speak about a particular topic.\r\rWhen you need to keep somebody waiting and it turns out that the person he wanted to speak is not available, apologize and politely explain why.\r\rFinish a phone call by always thanking the person who has called.\r\rNever eat or smoke while you are on the phone, raise your voice or carry on a loud conversation next to someone speaking on the phone.";
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	scrollableText = "When you meet somebody who's position is equal to yours and who you are rather close to, you do not need to bow. You either nod your head or raise one hand and informally say 'domo', meaning 'hello'.\r\rWhen you meet a superior in a narrow hallway, stop, bow formally and let him pass by before you continue walking.\r\rSame applies to when you are outside and meet a superior on the street. Generally bows made on the street are a little higher than those indoors.";
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	scrollableText = "As for stairways, always wait for your guest to go first when going downstairs but lead him when going upstairs.\r\rWhen you meet your superior at the stairway, turn back to the bottom of the stairs, wait and let him pass before you go.";
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	scrollableText = "Usually one of the company members will lead you into the conference room. If you are not being assigned to a seat, sit down on the chair which is closest to the door in order to signify that you do not consider yourself as the most important person.\r\rWhen waiting do not spread your belongings as if you were at home. If it is helpful to you, place your collected name cards on the table or on the arm rest of your chair. This way you are able to have a look at them from time to time in case you forget somebody's name or position. Do not forget to collect the cards and put them in your card holder before you leave.\r\rBusiness meetings ('kaigi') in Japan are very lengthy. Although the Japanese tend to work very hard, decisions are made extremely slowly.\r\rDecisions are not made by a small group of people but rather involve every member of the company, so that nobody feels excluded. This process of decision making is called 'ringi seido'.\r\rFor the Japanese it is not merely important to professionally achieve something but rather to establish a good and healthy relationship with their colleagues. Patience is the highest virtue in this respect. Western businessmen who want to get things settled and contracts signed as quickly as possible are considered cold, egocentric, stubborn and ruthless. A western businessman with that mentality is referred to as 'dorai', from the English 'dry'. 'Uetto' ('wet') is used for a businessman who cares about the feelings of the other party.\r\rIt is therefore important to take your time and not force decisions. If your Japanese colleague feels pushed, he might loose his interest in cooperating with you.\r\rDuring a business meeting, one should not arbitrarily try to impress with one's cleverness or express one's abilities of leadership. It rather is important to give everybody the feeling that he or she is involved in the decision making process and that you wish to achieve an outcome that everybody is satisfied with.\r\rAvoid unexpected questions as well as heated discussions, as the Japanese will not be prepared for such a thing and feel surprised, helpless and hurt. If you want to make a statement, express it clearly but smile, keep your voice down and your mind open for everybody's advice.";
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	scrollableText = "When approaching a conference room as a group, let your superiors enter and sit down first and do not sit down until all members of the group are present.\r\rThe most honourable person or the guest sits furthest from the door and the person with the lowest rank sits closest to it. Guests usually sit facing the door with the most important person sitting in the middle, directly facing the host. In this case the person with the lowest position sits at the very end of the table and closest to the door.\r\rSame holds true for restaurants and business lobbies, no matter if the table is round or rectangular shaped. Keep in mind that sofas and chairs with arm rests are reserved for the most honourable persons.\r\rIn restaurants, the host usually sits closest to the cashier, as he is the one who will pay the bill.";
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	scrollableText = "Whenever you hold a business meeting, offer something to drink. Do not take your own used cup of coffee into the conference room, but rather have a fresh one together with your guest. You can either offer coffee, black or green tea or soft drinks. There is no need to ask your guest which he would prefer, as expressing your personal preferences is considered immodest. The guest would feel uncomfortable when being asked, anyway. Keep in mind that it is the most superior person who is allowed to drink his tea first.";
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	scrollableText = "Start your speech with an apology about keeping the other party busy or with a positive statement such as a comment on the 'beautiful and convenient' office building. Do not begin with a joke or funny remark, because the Japanese will feel that this does not suit the occasion.\r\rKeep your speech short, do not be philosophical and always provide paper material such as charts and technical drawings, as the Japanese very much rely on written information.\r\rGenerally speak softly, do not raise your voice or laugh out loud, as this connotes loss of control. When laughing, however, especially if you are a woman, cover your mouth. Showing one's teeth is considered aggressive. Due to that, old women even sometimes cover their mouth when they speak.\r\rDo not be a clumsy foreigner ('majime') who uses his hands while speaking. Excessive arm and hand movements focus everybody's attention on you and are therefore considered immodest, rude or even threatening.\r\rWhen you speak while standing, keep your hands clutched in the front or keep them at your side. Do not leave your hands in your pocket and do not lean on a wall or table.\r\rWhen you sit keep your back up straight, leave your hands on your lap or put them on the table in front. Keeping them on the table shows that you are listening carefully. Do not lean back if you sit on a tipped chair.\r\rGenerally smiling is very important. A smile is not meant to express happiness but rather to tell the person opposite that you acknowledge his feelings. Even on funerals you can see people smile, so if you need to tell anybody about a sad incident, try to do it with a smile in order not to burden him with your own sorrow.\r\rWhen your business partner makes a suggestion that you do not agree with, do not make a funny face. In such a situation it is very important to put on the 'heijo-shin', a facial expression that reflects an 'ordinary state of mind'. The 'heijo-shin' derives from the Zen philosophy and helps a person overcome embarrassing or painful situations.\r\rDo not keep eye contact for any longer than a few seconds, as otherwise the Japanese feel that you are being provocative or that you are a somewhat aggressive and obtrusive person. It is considered more polite to look at somebody's throat or chest. If you hold a speech, look down on your manuscript or to one side. Especially if you are a woman, you will find that your Japanese male colleagues feel embarrassed to look you straight into the eye, as they fear that their gaze might seem too implicit.\r\rGenerally western people speak twice as much as Japanese do. Listening is considered more polite than speaking, especially if you are quite young and hold a rather low position.\r\rSilence is not regarded as a break in conversation but rather as an essential part of the communication. When remaining silent, the Japanese communicate which their thoughts, emotions and intuition, which is referred to as the 'language of the belly' ('haragei').\r\rWhile speaking to a Japanese superior it might occur to you that he will remain silent for seconds or even minutes. Do not feel irritated about that, as it can be a positive sign: maybe he wants to put himself into your spiritual aura to try and understand what you feel or to test whether you are a trustworthy person. When confronted with this kind of situation, attempt to do the same as he does and guess what he might be thinking or feeling. At all costs do not break the silence by words or sounds, even if you feel extremely uncomfortable. If you speak too much you are believed to be hiding something.\r\rVery often, silence is used as a tool to create a positive tension. Sometimes, however, sudden silence combined with a blank or bored facial expression can express disagreement or refusal. The interpretation differs from occasion to occasion and you have to be very attentive to get the point.\r\rCommonly the most superior person talks least and last in a business meeting. It might even occur to you that he closes his eyes or even nods off during the meeting. If this happens to the boss of a company it is not considered rude and it rather displays his tiredness caused by overtime than his lack of interest.\r\rWhen listening to somebody speaking it is common to constantly support the speaker by using small words called 'aizuchi'. This signifies that you are carefully listening to what he says. 'Aizuchi', however, do not guarantee the listeners agreement, but rather imply that he respects your way of thinking.";
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	scrollableText = "After your speech, express your thankfulness or apologize. Japanese businessmen apologize excessively. Apologizing does not necessarily mean that you have made a mistake, it rather implies that you did not want to disturb or that you could have put more effort into something than you actually did (even if you did very well).\r\rWhen you apologize, bow, speak slowly and clearly and say it with feeling as to show your sincerity.\r\rIf you apologize because you have made a mistake, do not offer excuses. Japanese businessmen are expected to vouch for what they did. Looking for an excuse is immodest and makes the other person feel he is not respected by you.\r\rAfter a business meeting, wait until your superiors have gone, then leave the room.\r\rSometimes it is very difficult for western people to judge about whether the Japanese company was convinced by your visit. It is very important to be able to interpret the reaction from the Japanese side, as otherwise you might fly back to your home country with a positive feeling, but later find our that the Japanese company is not interested at all.\r\rThe Japanese language is very complex and highly ambiguous. As in Japan, bluntly expressing your feelings and individual thoughts is considered rude, clumsy and immature, one uses very vague, indirect and abstract expressions and often leaves sentences unfinished. Mostly the listener has to guess and feel what the speaker means. He has to be very attentive to able to read between the lines and understand the whole context.\r\r'Say one, understand ten', is a Japanese saying which indicates that you need to guess ten aspects out of one mentioned. Often the most important part of a conversation remains unspoken. Be sensitive enough find out what somebody really means.\r\rIn order not to hurt anybody's feelings, very often how you behave is very different from how you really feel. The Japanese have two words to express this phenomenon: 'honne', meaning what you really feel, and 'tatemae', which is how you act to please somebody else's wishes.\r\rOther than the Christian-Jewish standard of moral which strictly divides good and bad or right and wrong, the Buddhist and Shinto philosophy allow and combine contradictory patterns of behaviour and more than just one truth. The Japanese do not consider the 'honne-tatemae' behaviour a double standard of morals. They rather conceive it necessary in order to preserve the harmony of the 'uchi', the inner group.\r\rListen carefully to find out whether your colleague is thinking about accepting your offer or not. Do not interpret the Japanese word for 'yes' ('hai') as an acceptance. 'Hai' simply means 'I am listening', or 'I understand how you feel'.\r\rBluntly refusing an offer, on the other hand, is considered as to hurt somebody's pride. The Japanese never directly say 'no' ('iie'), as it sounds as if they reject the person, not the proposal. In order to deny an offer, they rather apologize and ask about your reason for offering the proposal.\r\rSynonyms for denials can be as follows: 'we have not accepted offers of that kind in the past', 'we will have a close look at the details of your offer and do whatever we can', 'we will talk to the boss about it', 'we will think about it', 'it is a bit difficult' or 'we are not quite sure'.\r\rClosely study Japanese non-verbal communication in order to find out whether or not your colleague is pleased by your proposal. When he leans his head to one side, narrows his eyes, puts his hand on his neck, stammers 'saaaaaaaa' or hisses by sucking in air through their teeth, it means that he has a problem supporting your thoughts. A blank facial expression, sudden unwillingness to make eye contact, repeated glances at the watch, sudden silence as well as impatient smiling or nodding connote the same.\r\rAsking is a positive sign: the more questions your Japanese colleague asks, the more interested he is in cooperating with you.\r\rGenerally listen carefully, try to read vague replies. Then wait patiently and sense if an atmosphere of mutual trust is developing. If not, rather postpone the discussion instead of forcing the issue.";
Frame 4274
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	scrollableText = "At the end of a work day when saying good-bye to the colleagues who remain in the office, one bows several times in short intervals and apologizes for having to leave early. The colleagues who stay in the office (usually the young workers or ladies, who commonly do not accompany their colleagues to the bar) express their understanding. Never leave the building before your seniors.\r\rBefore leaving, the person most superior expresses his thankfulness for the work done. Praising is very important but it should not be overdone, as people might think you are flattering.\r\rIf you want to praise someone individually, be careful not to do so in front of others, as it might make them feel inferior. Furthermore, if you praise somebody, do not praise his personality but rather the fact that you have learned a lot from him (if he is superior to you) or that he has played an important role in the development of a project (if you are superior to him).";
Frame 4830
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	scrollableText = "When you use the elevator be careful to keep the right order. The person with the lowest rank commonly presses the button and enters last. The least superior person operates the control, second is the one standing right next to him in front of the door, third the one behind in the back of the elevator. The most superior person stands right behind the person who controls the panel.\r\rAs the numbers four ('shi', synonymous to 'death') and nine (synonymous for 'suffering') are suspicious numbers, some buildings in Japan, especially hospitals, lack the labelling of those floors and rooms.";
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