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102

102.44

Chromium

Atomic Number

Element Name

Atomic Mass

Chemical
Symbol

104

105

106

103

102

101

100

Alkaline Earth

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Soviet Union

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Periodic Table - Level One

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Welcome to Periodic Table of the Elements - Level One! Use this level
to begin learning the elements. We suggest you master the common
elements first before trying all the elements.
Once you've mastered the common elements, play Level One again
with all of the elements. Try "speed play" using the option button -
keep playing until you can complete the Periodic Table rapidly. At that
point you are ready to play "Periodic Table of the Elements -
Level Two."

Hydrogen (Latin: hydrogenium, from Greek: hydro: water, genes: forming) is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol H and atomic number 1. At standard temperature and pressure it is a colorless, odorless, non-metallic, univalent, highly flammable diatomic gas. Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe. It is present in water and in all organic compounds and living organisms. Hydrogen is able to react chemically with most other elements. Stars in their main sequence are overwhelmingly composed of hydrogen in its plasma state. This element is used in ammonia production, as a lifting gas, as an alternative fuel, and more recently as a power source of fuel cells.

In the laboratory, hydrogen is prepared by reaction of acids on metals such as zinc. For production in large scale commercial bulk hydrogen is usually manufactured by steam reforming natural gas. Electrolysis of water is a simple method, but it is still economically inefficient for mass production. Scientists are now researching new methods for hydrogen production. One of them involves use of green algae. Another promising method involves the conversion of biomass derivatives such as glucose or sorbitol, which can be done at low temperatures through the use of a catalyst.

Helium (He) is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, nearly inert monatomic chemical element that heads the noble gas series in the periodic table and whose atomic number is 2. Its boiling and melting points are the lowest among the elements and it exists only as a gas except in extreme conditions. Extreme conditions are also needed to create the small handful of helium compounds, which are all unstable at standard temperature and pressure. Its most abundant stable isotope is helium-4 and its rare stable isotope is helium-3. The behavior of liquid helium-4's two varieties—helium I and helium II—is important to researchers studying quantum mechanics (in particular the phenomenon of superfluidity) and those looking at the effects that near absolute zero temperatures have on matter (such as superconductivity).

Helium is the second most abundant and second lightest element in the periodic table. In the modern Universe almost all new helium is created as a result of the nuclear fusion of hydrogen in stars. On Earth it is created by the radioactive decay of much heavier elements (alpha particles are helium nuclei produced by the decay of uranium). After its creation, part of it is trapped with natural gas in concentrations up to 7% by volume. It is extracted from the natural gas by a low temperature separation process called fractional distillation.

In 1868 the French astronomer Pierre Janssen first detected helium as an unknown yellow spectral line signature in light from a solar eclipse. Since then large reserves of helium have been found in the natural gas fields of the United States, which is by far the largest supplier of the gas. Helium is used in cryogenics, in deep-sea breathing systems, to cool superconducting magnets, in helium dating, for inflating balloons, for providing lift in airships and as a protective gas for many industrial uses (such as arc welding and growing silicon wafers). Inhaling a small volume of the gas temporarily changes the quality of one's voice.

Lithium is the chemical element with symbol Li and atomic number 3. In the periodic table, it is located in group 1, among the alkali metals. Lithium in its pure form is a soft, silver white metal, that tarnishes and oxidizes very rapidly in air and water. It is the lightest solid element and is primarily used in heat transfer alloys, in batteries and serves as a component in some drugs known as mood stabilizers.

Lithium is the lightest metal and has a density that is only half that of water. Like all alkali metals, lithium reacts easily in water and does not occur freely in nature due to its activity, nevertheless it is still less reactive than the chemically similar sodium. When placed over a flame, this metal gives off a striking crimson color but when it burns strongly, the flame becomes a brilliant white. Lithium is a univalent element.

Beryllium is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Be and atomic number 4. A toxic bivalent element, beryllium is a steel grey, strong, light-weight yet brittle, alkaline earth metal, that is primarily used as a hardening agent in alloys (most notably, beryllium copper).

Beryllium has one of the highest melting points of the light metals. The modulus of elasticity of beryllium is approximately 1/3 greater than that of steel. It has excellent thermal conductivity, is nonmagnetic and resists attack by concentrated nitric acid. It is highly permeable to X-rays, and neutrons are liberated when it is hit by alpha particles, as from radium or polonium (about 30 neutrons/million alpha particles). At standard temperature and pressures beryllium resists oxidation when exposed to air (although its ability to scratch glass is probably due to the formation of a thin layer of the oxide).

The name beryllium comes from the Greek beryllos, beryl. At one time beryllium was referred to as glucinium (from Greek glykys, sweet), due to the sweet taste of its salts. This element was discovered by Louis Vauquelin in 1798 as the oxide in beryl and in emeralds. Friedrich Wöhler and A. A. Bussy independently isolated the metal in 1828 by reacting potassium on beryllium chloride.

Boron is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol B and atomic number 5. A trivalent metalloid element, boron occurs abundantly in the ore borax. There are two allotropes of boron; amorphous boron is a brown powder, but metallic boron is black. The metallic form is hard (9.3 on Mohs' scale) and a bad conductor in room temperatures. It is never found free in nature.

Boron is electron-deficient, possessing a vacant p-orbital. It is an electrophile. Compounds of boron often behave as Lewis acids, readily bonding with electron-rich substances in an attempt to quench boron's insatiable hunger for electrons.

Optical characteristics of this element include the transmittance of infrared light. At standard temperatures boron is a poor electrical conductor but is a good conductor at high temperatures.

Boron nitride can be used to make materials that are as hard as diamond. The nitride also acts as an electrical insulator but conducts heat similar to a metal. This element also has lubricating qualities that are similar to graphite. Boron is also similar to carbon with its capability to form stable covalently bonded molecular networks.

Carbon is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol C and atomic number 6. An abundant nonmetallic, tetravalent element, carbon has several allotropic forms:

* diamond (hardest known mineral). Structure: each atom is bonded tetrahedrally to four others, making a 3-dimensional network of puckered six-membered rings of atoms.
* graphite (one of the softest substances). Structure: each atom is bonded trigonally to three other atoms, making a 2-dimensional network of flat six-membered rings; the flat sheets are loosely bonded.
* fullerenes. Structure: comparatively large molecules formed completely of carbon bonded trigonally, forming spheroids (of which the best-known and simplest is the buckminsterfullerene or buckyball).
* ceraphite (an extremely soft surface). The structure is not certain.
* lonsdaleite (a corruption of diamond). Structure: similar to diamond, but forming a hexagonal crystal lattice.
* amorphous carbon (a glassy substance). Structure: an assortment of carbon molecules in a non-crystalline, irregular, glassy state.
* carbon nanofoam (an extremely light magnetic web). Structure: a low-density web of graphite-like clusters, in which the atoms are bonded trigonally in six- and seven-membered rings.
* carbon nanotubes (tiny tubes). Structure: each atom is bonded trigonally in a curved sheet that forms a hollow cylinder.

Lamp black consists of small graphitic areas. These areas are randomly distributed, so the whole structure is isotropic.

'Glassy carbon' is isotropic and contains a high proportion of closed porosity. Unlike normal graphite, the graphitic layers are not stacked like pages in a book, but have a more random arrangement.

Carbon fibers are similar to glassy carbon. Under special treatment (stretching of organic fibers and carbonization) it is possible to arrange the carbon planes in direction of the fiber. Perpendicular to the fiber axis there is no orientation of the carbon planes. The result are fibers with a higher specific strength than steel.

Carbon occurs in all organic life and is the basis of organic chemistry. This nonmetal also has the interesting chemical property of being able to bond with itself and a wide variety of other elements, forming nearly 10 million known compounds. When united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide which is absolutely vital to plant growth. When united with hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons which are essential to industry in the form of fossil fuels. When combined with both oxygen and hydrogen it can form many groups of compounds including fatty acids, which are essential to life, and esters, which give flavor to many fruits. The isotope carbon-14 is commonly used in radioactive dating.

Nitrogen is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol N and atomic number 7. A common normally colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic non-metal gas, nitrogen constitutes 78 percent of Earth's atmosphere and is a constituent of all living tissues. Nitrogen forms many important compounds such as amino acids, ammonia, nitric acid, and cyanides.

Nitrogen is a non-metal, with an electronegativity of 3.0. It has five electrons in its outer shell, so is trivalent in most compounds. Pure nitrogen is an unreactive colorless diatomic gas at room temperature, and comprises about 78.08% of the Earth's atmosphere. It condenses at 77 K and freezes at 63 K. Liquid nitrogen is a common cryogen.

Molecular nitrogen in the atmosphere is relatively non-reactive, but in nature it is slowly converted into biologically (and industrially) useful compounds by some living organisms, notably certain bacteria. The ability to combine or fix nitrogen is a key feature of modern industrial chemisty, where nitrogen (typically along with natural gas) is converted into ammonia. Ammonia, in turn, can be used directly (primarily as a fertilizer), or as a precursor of many other important materials including explosives, largely via the production of nitric acid by the Ostwald process.

The salts of nitric acid include important compounds like potassium nitrate (or saltpeter, important historically for its use in gunpowder) and ammonium nitrate, an important fertilizer. Various other nitrated organic compounds, such as nitroglycerin and trinitrotoluene, are used as explosives. Nitric acid is used as an oxidizer in liquid fueled rockets. Hydrazine and hydrazine derivatives find use as rocket fuels.

Nitrogen gas is readily produced by allowing liquid nitrogen to warm up and evaporate. It has a wide variety of applications, including serving as a more inert replacement for air where oxidatation is undesireable;

* to preserve the freshness of packaged or bulk foods (by delaying rancidity and other forms of oxidative damage)
* on top of liquid explosives for safety

It is also used in:

* the production of electronic parts such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits
* the manufacture of stainless steel
* filling automotive tires due to its relatively flat line of thermal expansion.

A futher example of its versitility is its use (as a preferred alternative to carbon dioxide) to pressurize kegs of some beers, particularly thicker stouts and Scottish and English ales, due the to smaller bubbles it produces, which make the dispensed beer smoother and headier. A modern application of a pressure sensitive nitrogen capsule known commonly as a "widget" now allows nitrogen charged beers to be packaged in cans and bottles. A very popular example of this is Guinness Draught.

Liquid nitrogen is produced industrially in large quantities by distillation from liquid air and is often referred to by the quasi-formula LN2. It is a cryogenic (extremely cold) fluid which can cause instant frostbite on direct contact with living tissue (skin). When appropriately insulated from ambient heat it serves as a compact and readily transported source of nitrogen gas without pressurization. Further, its ability to maintain an unearthly temperature as it evaporates (77 K, minus 196 deg.C or minus 320 deg.F!) makes it extremely useful in a wide range of applications as an open-cycle refrigerant, including;

* the immersion freezing and transportation of food products
* the preservation of bodies, reproductive cells (sperm and egg), and biological samples and materials
* in the study of cryogenics
* for demonstrations in science education
* in dermatology for removing unsightly or potentially malignant skin lesions,e.g., warts, actinic keratosis, etc.

Oxygen is a chemical element in the periodic table. It has the symbol O and atomic number 8. The element is very common, found not only on Earth but throughout the universe, usually bound with other elements. Unbound oxygen (usually called molecular oxygen, O2) appeared on Earth first as a product of the metabolic action of early anaerobes (archaea and bacteria). The atmospheric abundance of free oxygen in later geological epochs and up to the present has been largely driven by photosynthetic organisms, roughly three quarters by phytoplankton and algae in the oceans and one quarter from terrestrial plants.

At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is mostly found as a gas consisting of a diatomic molecule with the chemical formula O2. O2 has two energetic forms:-

* The low-energy predominant single-bonded diradical triplet oxygen. This native diradical quality of oxygen contributes to its destructive chemical nature. This form is stabilized by the degeneracy effect.
* The high-energy double-bonded molecule singlet oxygen.

Oxygen is a major component of air, produced by plants during photosynthesis, and is necessary for aerobic respiration in animals. The word oxygen derives from two words in Greek, οξυς (oxys) (acid, sharp) and γεινομαι (geinomai) (engender). The name "oxygen" was chosen because, at the time it was discovered in the late 18th century, it was believed that all acids contained oxygen. The definition of acid has since been revised to not require oxygen in the molecular structure.

Liquid O2 and solid O2 have a light blue color and both are highly paramagnetic. Liquid O2 is usually obtained by the fractional distillation of liquid air.

Liquid and solid O3 (ozone) have a deeper color of blue.

A recently discovered allotrope of oxygen, tetraoxygen (O4), is a deep red solid that is created by pressurizing O2 to the order of 20 GPa. Its properties are being studied for use in rocket fuels and similar applications, as it is a much more powerful oxidizer than either O2 or O3.

Oxygen often finds considerable use as an oxidizer, with only fluorine having a higher electronegativity. Liquid oxygen finds use as an oxidizer in rocket propulsion. Oxygen is essential to respiration, so oxygen supplementation has found use in medicine. People who climb mountains or fly in airplanes sometimes have supplemental oxygen supplies (as air). Oxygen is used in welding, and in the making of steel and methanol.

Oxygen, as a mild euphoric, has a history of recreational use that extends into modern times. Oxygen bars can be seen at parties to this day. In the 19th century, oxygen was often mixed with nitrous oxide to promote an analgesic effect; indeed, such a mixture (Entonox) is commonly used in medicine today.

Fluorine (from L. fluere, meaning "to flow"), is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol F and atomic number 9. It is a poisonous pale yellow-green, univalent gaseous halogen that is the most chemically reactive and electronegative of all the elements. In its pure form, it is highly dangerous, causing severe chemical burns on contact with skin.

Pure fluorine is a corrosive pale yellow gas that is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is the most reactive and electronegative of all the elements, and readily forms compounds with most other elements. Fluorine even combines with the noble gases krypton, xenon, and radon. Even in dark, cool conditions, fluorine reacts explosively with hydrogen. In a jet of fluorine gas, glass, metals, water and other substances burn with a bright flame. It is far too reactive to be found in elemental form and has such an affinity for most elements, including silicon, that it can neither be prepared nor should be kept in glass vessels. In moist air it reacts with water to form the equally dangerous hydrofluoric acid.

In aqueous solution, fluorine commonly occurs as the fluoride ion F-. Other forms are fluoro-complexes (such as [FeF4]-) or H2F+.

Fluorides are compounds that combine fluoride with some positively charged counterpart. They often consist of ions. Fluorine compounds with metals are among the most stable of salts.

Fluorine is used in the production of low friction plastics such as Teflon, and in halons such as Freon. Other uses:

* Hydrofluoric acid (chemical formula HF) is used to etch glass in light bulbs and other products.
* Monatomic fluorine is used for plasma ashing in semiconductor manufacturing.
* Along with its compounds, fluorine is used in the production of uranium (from the hexafluoride) and in more than 100 different commercial fluorochemicals, including many high-temperature plastics.
* Fluorochlorohydrocarbons are used extensively in air conditioning and in refrigeration. Chlorofluorocarbons have been banned for these applications because they are suspected to contribute to the ozone hole.
* Sulfur hexafluoride is an extremely inert and (unusually for a fluorine compound) nontoxic gas. These classes of compounds are potent greenhouse gases.
* Potassium hexafluoroaluminate, the so-called cryolite, is used in electrolysis of aluminium.
* Sodium fluoride has been used as an insecticide, especially against cockroaches.
* Some other fluorides are often added to toothpaste and, somewhat controversially, to municipal water supplies to prevent dental cavities.
* It has been used in the past to help molten metal flow, hence the name.
* Fluorine-18, a radioactive isotope that emits positrons, is often used in positron emission tomography because of its half-life of 110 minutes.

Some researchers - including US space scientists in the early 1960s have studied elemental fluorine gas as a possible rocket propellant due to its exceptionally high specific impulse. Experiments failed since fluorine was so hard to handle.

Neon is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ne and atomic number 10. A colorless nearly inert noble gas, neon gives a distinct reddish glow when used in vacuum discharge tubes and neon lamps and is found in air in trace amounts.

Neon is the second-lightest noble gas, glows reddish-orange in a vacuum discharge tube and has over 40 times the refrigerating capacity of liquid helium and three times that of liquid hydrogen (on a per unit volume basis). In most applications it is a less expensive refrigerant than helium. Neon has the most intense discharge at normal voltages and currents of all the rare gases.

The reddish-orange color that neon emits in neon lights is widely used to make advertising signs. The word "Neon" is also used generically for these types of lights when in reality many other gases are used to produce different colors of light. Other uses:

* high-voltage indicators,
* lightning arrestors,
* wave meter tubes,
* television tubes.
* Neon and helium are used to make a type of gas laser.

Liquefied neon is commercially used as an economical cryogenic refrigerant.

Sodium is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Na (Natrium in Latin) and atomic number 11. Sodium is a soft, waxy, silvery reactive metal belonging to the alkali metals that is abundant in natural compounds (especially halite). It is highly reactive, burns with a yellow flame, reacts violently with water and oxidizes in air (which is why pure sodium must be stored in oil).

Like the other alkali metals, sodium is a soft, light-weight, silvery white, reactive element that is never found as a pure element in nature. Sodium floats in water, as well as decomposing it to release hydrogen gas and hydroxide ions. If ground to a fine enough powder, sodium will ignite spontaneously in water. However, it does not normally ignite in air below 388 kelvins.

Under extreme pressure, sodium departs from standard rules for changing to a liquid state. Most materials need more thermal energy to melt under pressure than they do at normal atmospheric pressure. This is due to the fact that the molecules are packed closer together and have less room to move.

At a pressure of 30 gigapascals (300,000 times sea level atmospheric pressure), sodium's melting temperature begins to drop. At around 100 gigapascals, sodium will melt at near room temperature.

A possible explanation for the abberant behavior of sodium is that this element has one free electron that is pushed closer to the other 10 electrons when placed under pressure forcing interaction that is not normally present. While under pressure, solid sodium assumes several odd crystal structures suggesting that the liquid might have unusual properties such as superconduction or superfluidity. (Gregoryanz, et al., 2005)

Sodium in its metallic form is an essential component in the making of esters and in the manufacture of organic compounds. This alkali metal is also a component of sodium chloride (NaCl) which is vital to life. Other uses:

* In certain alloys to improve their structure.
* In soap (in combination with fatty acids).
* To descale (make its surface smooth) metal.
* To purify molten metals.
* In sodium vapor lamps, an efficient means of producing light from electricity.
* As a heat transfer fluid in some types of nuclear reactors.

NaCl, a compound of sodium ions and chloride ions, is an important heat transfer material.

Magnesium is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element and constitutes about 2% of the Earth's crust by weight ("the B'train",2005), and it is the third most plentiful element dissolved in seawater. This alkaline earth metal is primarily used as an alloying agent to make aluminium-magnesium alloys, sometimes called "magnalium" or "magnelium".

Magnesium is a fairly strong, silvery-white, light-weight metal (one third lighter than aluminium) that slightly tarnishes when exposed to air. In a powder, this metal heats and ignites when exposed to moisture and burns with a white flame. It is difficult to ignite in bulk, though it is easy to light if it is shaved into thin strips. Once ignited, it is difficult to extinguish, being able to burn in both nitrogen (forming magnesium nitride), and carbon dioxide.

Magnesium compounds, primarily magnesium oxide, are used mainly as refractory material in furnace linings for producing iron and steel, nonferrous metals, glass, and cement. Magnesium oxide and other compounds also are used in agricultural, chemical, and construction industries. This element's principal use is as an alloying additive to aluminium with these aluminium-magnesium alloys being used mainly for beverage cans. Magnesium alloys also are used as structural components of automobiles and machinery. Another use of this metal is to aid the removal of sulfur from iron and steel.

Other uses include:

* Magnesium, like aluminium, is strong and light, so it is used in several high volume automotive and truck components. Specialty, high grade car wheels of magnesium alloy are called "mag wheels."
* Photoengraved plates in the printing industry.
* Combined in alloys, this metal is essential for airplane and missile construction.
* When used as an alloying agent, this metal improves the mechanical, fabrication and welding characteristics of aluminium.
* Additive agent for conventional propellants and used in producing nodular graphite in cast iron.
* Reducing agent for the production of pure uranium and other metals from their salts.
* Its hydroxide is used in milk of magnesia, its chloride and sulfate in Epsom salts and its citrates in medicine.
* Dead-burned magnesite is used for refractory purposes such as brick and liners in furnaces and converters.
* Magnesium is also flammable, burning at a temperature of approximately 4000 °F (2500 K) (2200 °C).
* The extremely high temperature at which magnesium burns makes it a handy tool for starting emergency fires during outdoor recreation.
* Magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) powder is also used by athletes, such as gymnasts and weightlifters, to improve the grip on objects – the apparatus or lifting bar.
* Magnesium stearate is a slightly flammable white powder with lubricative properties. In pharmaceutical technology it's used in the manufacturing of tablets, to prevent the tablets from sticking to the equipment during the tablet compression process (i.e., when the tablet's substance is pressed into tablet form).
* for a long time ,Porsche used magnesium alloy for it's engine cases due to the weight advantage over Aluminium, the high pressure casting were done by Mahle and won numerous awards for the biggest castings at the time. Later on they went back to aluminium because of the added strenght. Other use for Magnesium alloy is for wheels
* Other uses include flashlight photography, flares, and pyrotechnics, including incendiary bombs.

Aluminium(Al) (or aluminum in North American English) is a silvery and ductile member of the poor metal group of chemical elements. Its atomic number is 13. Aluminium is found primarily as the ore bauxite and is remarkable for its resistance to oxidation (due to the phenomenon of passivation), its strength, and its light weight. Aluminium is used in many industries to make millions of different products and is very important to the world economy. Structural components made from aluminium are vital to the aerospace industry and very important in other areas of transportation and building in which light weight, durability, and strength are needed.

Aluminium is a soft and lightweight metal with a dull silvery appearance, due to a thin layer of oxidation that forms quickly when it is exposed to air. Aluminium is about one-third as dense as steel or copper; is malleable, ductile, and easily machined and cast; and has excellent corrosion resistance and durability due to the protective oxide layer. It is also nonmagnetic and nonsparking and is the second most malleable metal (after gold) and the sixth most ductile.

Whether measured in terms of quantity or value, the use of aluminium exceeds that of any other metal except iron, and it is important in virtually all segments of the world economy.

Pure aluminium has a low tensile strength, but readily forms alloys with many elements such as copper, zinc, magnesium, manganese and silicon. When combined with thermo-mechanical processing these aluminium alloys display a marked improvement in mechanical properties. Aluminium alloys form vital components of aircraft and rockets as a result of their high strength to weight ratio.

When aluminium is evaporated in a vacuum it forms a coating that reflects both visible light and radiant heat. These coatings form a thin layer of protective aluminium oxide that does not deteriorate as silver coatings do. In particular, nearly all modern mirrors are made using a thin reflective coating of aluminium on the back surface of a sheet of float glass. Telescope mirrors are also coated with a thin layer of aluminium, but are front coated to avoid internal reflections even though this makes the surface more susceptible to damage.

Some of the many uses for aluminium are in:

* Transportation (automobiles, airplanes, trucks, railroad cars, marine vessels, etc.)
* Packaging (cans, foil, etc.)
* Water treatment
* Construction (windows, doors, siding, building wire, etc.
* Consumer durable goods (appliances, cooking utensils, etc.)
* Electrical transmission lines (aluminium conductors are half the weight of copper for equal conductivity and lower in price[1])
* Machinery.
* Although non-magnetic itself, aluminium is used in MKM steel and Alnico magnets.
* Super Purity Aluminium (SPA, 99.980% to 99.999% Al) is used in electronics and CDs.
* Powdered aluminium is commonly used for silvering in paint. Aluminium flakes may also be included in undercoat paints, particularly wood primer — on drying, the flakes overlap to produce a water resistant barrier.
* Anodized aluminium is more stable to further oxidation, and is used in various fields of construction.
* Most modern computer CPU heat sinks are made of aluminium due to its ease of manufacture and good heat conductivity. Copper heat sinks are smaller although more expensive and harder to manufacture.

Aluminium oxide, alumina, is found naturally as corundum, emery, ruby, and sapphire and is used in glass making. Synthetic ruby and sapphire are used in lasers for the production of coherent light.

Aluminium oxidizes very energetically and as a result has found use in solid rocket fuels, thermite, and other pyrotechnic compositions.

Silicon (Latin: silicium) is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Si and atomic number 14. A tetravalent metalloid, silicon is less reactive than its chemical analog carbon. It is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust, making up 25.7% of it by weight. It occurs in clay, feldspar, granite, quartz and sand, mainly in the form of silicon dioxide (also known as silica) and silicates (compounds containing silicon, oxygen and metals). Silicon is the principal component of glass, cement, ceramics, most semiconductor devices, and silicones, the latter a plastic substance often confused with silicon. Silicon is widely used in semiconductors because the semiconductor Germanium has a problem with reverse leakage current flow, and because its native oxide forms better semiconductor/dielectric interfaces than almost all other material combinations.

In its crystalline form, silicon has a dark gray color and a metallic luster. Even though it is a relatively inert element, silicon still reacts with halogens and dilute alkalis, but most acids (except for a combination of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid) do not affect it. Elemental silicon transmits more than 95% of all wavelengths of infrared light. Pure silicon crystals are rarely found in nature, as natural silicon is usually found as silica (SiO2). Pure silicon crystals can be found as inclusions in gold, or in volcanic exhalations. Pure silicon has a negative temperature co-efficient of resistance, since the number of free charge carriers increases with temperature.

Phosphorus, (from the Greek language Phosphoros meaning "light bearing"), is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol P and atomic number 15. A multivalent, nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus is commonly found in inorganic phosphate rocks and in all living cells. Due to its high reactivity, it is never found as a free element in nature. It emits a faint glow upon exposure to oxygen (hence its name, Latin for 'morning star', from Greek words meaning 'light' and 'bring'), occurs in several allotropic forms, and is an essential element for living organisms. The most important commercial use of phosphorus is in the production of fertilizers. It is also widely used in explosives, friction matches, fireworks, pesticides, toothpaste, and detergents.

Common phosphorus forms a waxy white solid that has a characteristic disagreeable smell. Pure forms of the element are colorless and transparent. This non metal is not soluble in water, but it is soluble in carbon disulfide. Pure phosphorus ignites spontaneously in air and burns to phosphorus pentoxide.

Phosphorus exists in three allotropic forms: white (or yellow), red, and black (or violet). Other allotropic forms may exist. The most common are red and white phosphorus, both of which consist of networks of tetrahedrally arranged groups of four phosphorus atoms. The tetrahedra of white phosphorus form separate groups; the tetrahedra of red phosphorus are linked into chains. White phosphorus burns on contact with air and on exposure to heat or light.

Phosphorus also exists in kinetically and thermodynamically favored forms. They are separated by a transition temperature of -3.8 °C. One is known as the "alpha" form, the other "beta". Red phosphorus is comparatively stable and sublimes at a vapor pressure of 1 atm at 170 °C but burns from impact or frictional heating. A black phosphorus allotrope exists which has a structure similar to graphite – the atoms are arranged in hexagonal sheet layers and will conduct electricity.

Sulfur (or sulphur) is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol S and atomic number 16. It is an abundant, tasteless, odorless, multivalent non-metal. Sulfur, in its native form, is a yellow crystaline solid. In nature, it can be found as the pure element or as sulfide and sulfate minerals. It is an essential element for life and is found in several amino acids. Its commercial uses are primarily in fertilizers but it is also widely used in gunpowder, matches, insecticides and fungicides.

At room temperature, sulfur is a soft bright yellow solid. Although sulfur is infamous for its smell - frequently compared to rotten eggs - the odor is actually characteristic of hydrogen sulfide (H2S); elemental sulfur is odorless. It burns with a blue flame that emits sulfur dioxide, notable for its peculiar suffocating odor. Sulfur is insoluble in water but soluble in carbon disulfide and other nonpolar solvents. Common oxidation states of sulfur include −2, +2, +4 and +6. Sulfur forms stable compounds with all elements except the noble gases.

Sulfur in the solid state ordinarily exists as a cyclic crown-shaped S8 molecules. Sulfur has many allotropes besides S8. Removing one atom from the crown gives S7, which is responsible for sulfur's distinctive yellow color. Many other rings have been prepared, including S12 and S18. By contrast, its lighter neighbor oxygen only exists in two states of chemical significance: O2 and O3. Selenium, the heavier analogue of sulfur can form rings but is more often found as a polymer chain.

The crystallography of sulfur is complex. Depending on the specific conditions, the sulfur allotropes form several distinct crystal structures, with rhombic and monoclinic S8 best known.

A noteworthy property is that the viscosity of molten sulfur, unlike most other liquids, increases with temperature due to the formation of polymer chains.

Amorphous or "plastic" sulfur can be produced through the rapid cooling of molten sulfur. X-ray crystallography studies show that the amorphous form may have a helical structure with eight atoms per turn. This form is metastable at room temperature and gradually reverts back to crystalline form. This process happens within a matter of hours to days but can be rapidly catalyzed by human saliva.

Chlorine (from the Greek language Chloros, meaning "pale green"), is the chemical element with atomic number 17 and symbol Cl. It is a halogen, found in the periodic table in group 17. As part of common salt and other compounds, it is abundant in nature and necessary to most forms of life, including the human body. As chlorine gas, it is greenish yellow, is two and one half times as heavy as air, has an intensely disagreeable suffocating odor, and is exceedingly poisonous. It is a powerful oxidizing, bleaching, and disinfecting agent.

The pure chemical element, has the physical form of a diatomic yellow-green gas, Cl2.

This element is a member of the salt-forming halogen series and is extracted from chlorides through oxidation and more commonly, by electrolysis. Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas that combines readily with nearly all other elements. At 10°C one liter of water dissolves 3.10 liters of chlorine and at 30 °C only 1.77 liters.

Chlorine is an important chemical in water purification, in disinfectants in bleach and in mustard gas.

Chlorine is also used widely in the manufacture of many everyday items.

* Used (in the form of hypochlorous acid) to kill bacteria and other microbes from drinking water supplies and swimming pools. Even small water supplies are now routinely chlorinated.
* Used widely in paper product production, antiseptic, dyestuffs, food, insecticides, paints, petroleum products, plastics, medicines, textiles, solvents, and many other consumer products.

Organic chemistry uses this element extensively as an oxidizing agent and in substitution because chlorine often imparts many desired properties in an organic compound when it is substituted for hydrogen (as in synthetic rubber production).

Other uses are in the production of chlorates, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and in the bromine extraction.

Argon is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ar and atomic number 18. The third noble gas, in group 18, argon makes up about 1% of the Earth's atmosphere, making it the most common noble gas on Earth.

Argon is 2.5 times as soluble in water as nitrogen which is approximately the same solubility as oxygen. This highly stable chemical element is colorless and odorless in both its liquid and gaseous forms. There are no known true chemical compounds that contain argon, one of the reasons it was formerly called an inert gas. The creation of argon hydrofluoride (HArF), a highly unstable compound of argon with fluorine, was reported by researchers at the University of Helsinki in 2000, but has not been confirmed.

Although no chemical compounds of argon are presently confirmed, argon can form clathrates with water when atoms of it are trapped in a lattice of the water molecules. Theoretical calculations on computers have shown several Argon compounds that should be stable but for which no synthesis routes are currently known.

It is used in lighting since it will not react with the filament in a lightbulb even under high temperatures and other cases where diatomic nitrogen is an unsuitable (semi-)inert gas. Other uses;

* Argon is used as an inert gas shield in many forms of welding, including mig and tig (where the "I" stands for inert).
* as a non-reactive blanket in the manufacture of titanium and other reactive elements.
* as a protective atmosphere for growing silicon and germanium crystals.
* Argon-39 has been used for a number of applications, primarily ice coring. It has also been used for ground water dating.
* Cryosurgery procedures such as cryoablation uses liquefied argon to destroy cancer cells.

Argon is also used in technical SCUBA diving to inflate the dry suit, because it is inert and has low thermal conductivity.

Potassium is a chemical element in the periodic table. It has the symbol K (L. kalium) and atomic number 19. The name "potassium" comes from the word "potash", as potassium was first isolated from potash. Potassium is a soft silvery-white metallic alkali metal that occurs naturally bound to other elements in seawater and many minerals. It oxidizes rapidly in air, is very reactive, especially in water, and resembles sodium chemically.

With a density less than that of water, potassium is the second lightest metal after lithium. It is a soft solid that can easily be cut with a knife and is silvery in color on fresh surfaces. It oxidizes in air rapidly and must be stored in mineral oil or kerosene for preservation.

Similar to other alkali metals, potassium reacts violently with water producing hydrogen. When in water, it may catch fire spontaneously. Its salts emit a violet color when exposed to a flame.

* Potassium oxide is primarily used in fertilizer.
* Potassium hydroxide is an important industrial chemical used as a strong base.
* Potassium nitrate is used in gunpowder.
* Potassium carbonate, known as potash, is used in glass manufacture.
* Glass treated with liquid potassium is much stronger than regular glass.
* NaK, an alloy of sodium and potassium, is used as a heat-transfer medium.
* Potassium is an essential component needed in plant growth and is found in most soil types.
* In animal cells potassium ions are vital to keeping cells alive (see Na-K pump)
* Potassium chloride is used as a substitute for table salt and is also used to stop the heart, e.g. in cardiac surgery and in executions by lethal injection.
* The superoxide KO2 is used as a portable source of oxygen and as a carbon dioxide absorber. It is useful in portable respiration systems.

Many potassium salts are very important, and include: potassium bromide, potassium carbonate, potassium chlorate, potassium chloride, potassium chromate, potassium cyanide, potassium dichromate, potassium iodide, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate.

Calcium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. Calcium is a soft grey alkaline earth metal that is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of thorium, zirconium and uranium. Calcium is also the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust. It is essential for living organisms, particularly in cell physiology.

Calcium is a rather soft metallic element that is purified by electrolysis from calcium fluoride. It burns with a yellow-red flame and forms a white nitride coating when exposed to air. It reacts with water displacing hydrogen and forming calcium hydroxide.

Calcium is an important component of a healthy diet. Its minor deficit can affect bone and teeth formation, while its excess can lead to kidney stones. Vitamin D is needed to absorb calcium. Dairy products are widely heralded as a rich source of calcium. Other good sources include seaweeds, such as kelp, wakame and hijiki; nuts, beans and pulses, especially when taken raw; greens; wholemeal breads; fish.

Other uses include:

* Reducing agent in the extraction of other metals such as uranium, zirconium, and thorium.
* Deoxidizer, desulfurizer, or decarburizer for various ferrous and nonferrous alloys.
* Alloying agent used in the production of aluminium, beryllium, copper, lead, and magnesium alloys.
* It is also used in making cements and mortar that are used in building.

Calcium (Latin calx, meaning "lime")was first isolated in its metallic form by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808 through the electrolysis of a mixture of calcium oxide and mercury oxide.

Scandium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Sc and atomic number 21. A soft, silvery, white transition element, scandium occurs in rare minerals from Scandinavia and it is sometimes classified along with yttrium and the lanthanides as a rare earth.

Scandium is a rare, soft, silvery, trivalent, very light metallic element that develops a slightly yellowish or pinkish cast when exposed to air. This element resembles yttrium and rare earth metals more than it resembles aluminium or titanium (which are closer on the periodic table). The most common oxidation state of scandium is +3 and this metal is not attacked by a 1:1 mixture of HNO3 and 48% HF.

Approximately 20 kg (as Sc2O3) of scandium are used annually in the United States to make high-intensity lights. Scandium iodide added to mercury-vapor lamps produces a highly efficient artificial light source that resembles sunlight and allows good color reproduction with TV cameras. About 80 kg of scandium is used in lightbulbs globally per year. The radioactive isotope Sc-46 is used in oil refinery crackers as a tracing agent. The main application by volume is in aluminium-scandium alloys for the aerospace industry and for sports equipment (bikes, baseball bats, etc.) which rely on high performance materials. When added to aluminium, scandium can produce improvements in strength (at ambient and elevated temperature), ductility, aging response and grain refinement through the formation of the Al3Sc phase. Furthermore, it has been shown to reduce solidification cracking during the welding of high strength Al alloys.

Titanium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a light, strong, lustrous, corrosion-resistant (including resistance to sea water and chlorine) transition metal with a white-silvery-metallic color. Titanium is used in strong light-weight alloys (most notably with iron and aluminum) and its most common compound, titanium dioxide, is used in white pigments.

This element occurs in numerous minerals with the main sources being rutile and ilmenite, which are widely distributed over the Earth. There are two allotropic forms and five naturally occurring isotopes of this element; Ti-46 through Ti-50 with Ti-48 being the most abundant (73.8%). One of titanium's most notable characteristics is that it is as strong as steel but is less than half its weight. Titanium's properties are chemically and physically similar to zirconium.

Titanium is well known for its excellent corrosion resistance (almost as resistant as platinum), being able to withstand attack by acids, moist chlorine gas, and by common salt solutions. Pure titanium is not soluble in water but is soluble in concentrated acids. A metallic element, it is also well-known for its high strength-to-weight ratio. It is a light, strong metal with low density (40% as dense as steel) that, when pure, is quite ductile (especially in an oxygen-free environment), easy to work, lustrous, and metallic-white in color. The relatively high melting point of this element makes it useful as a refractory metal. Titanium is as strong as steel, but 45% lighter; it is 60% heavier than aluminum, but twice as strong. These properties make titanium very resistant to the usual kinds of metal fatigue.

This metal forms a passive but protective oxide coating (leading to corrosion-resistance) when exposed to elevated temperatures in air but at room temperatures it resists tarnishing. The metal, which burns when heated in air 610 °C or higher (forming titanium dioxide) is also one of the only elements that burn in pure nitrogen gas (it burns at 800 °C and forms titanium nitride). Titanium is resistant to dilute sulfuric and hydrochloric acid, along with chlorine gas, chloride solutions, and most organic acids. It is paramagnetic (weakly attracted to magnets) and has a very low electrical and thermal conductivity.

Experiments have shown that natural titanium becomes very radioactive after it is bombarded with deuterons, emitting mainly positrons and hard gamma rays. The metal is a dimorphic allotrope with the hexagonal alpha form changing into the cubic beta form very slowly at around 880 °C. When it is red hot the metal combines with oxygen, and when it reaches 550 °C it combines with chlorine. It also reacts with the other halogens and absorbs hydrogen.

Approximately 95% of titanium is consumed in the form of titanium dioxide (TiO2), an intensely white permanent pigment with good covering power in paints, paper, toothpaste, and plastics. Paints made with titanium dioxide are excellent reflectors of infrared radiation and are therefore used extensively by astronomers and in exterior paints. It is also used as a strengthening filler in paper, cement and in gemstones.

Because of its very high tensile strength (even at high temperatures), light weight, extraordinary corrosion resistance, and ability to withstand extreme temperatures, titanium alloys are principally used in aircraft, armor plating, naval ships, spacecraft and missiles. It is used in steel alloys to reduce grain size and as a deoxidizer but in stainless steel it is employed to reduce carbon content. Titanium is often alloyed with aluminium (to refine grain size), vanadium, copper (to harden), iron, manganese, molybdenum and with other metals.

Its vanadium alloy is used to make the outer skin of aircraft, to make fire walls, landing gear, and hydraulic tubing. A typical commercial jet airplane contains 700 to 2500 lb (320 to 1130 kg) of titanium. Use of titanium in consumer products such as golf clubs, bicycles, laboratory equipment, wedding bands, and laptop computers is becoming more common.

Other uses:

* Due to excellent resistance to sea water, it is used to make propeller shafts and rigging and in the heat exchangers of desalination plants and in heater-chillers for salt water aquariums.
* Owing to its high stiffness it is favored in place of steel in high performance model sailplane wing join rods.
* It is used to produce relatively soft artificial gemstones.
* Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), a colorless liquid, is used to iridize glass and because it fumes strongly in moist air it is also used to make smoke screens and in skywriting.
* In addition to being a very important pigment, titanium dioxide is also used in sunscreens due to its ability to protect skin by itself.
* Because it is considered to be physiologically inert, the metal is used in joint replacement implants such as hip ball and sockets and to make medical equipment and in pipe/tank lining in food processing.
* Its inertness and ability to be attractively colored makes it a popular metal for use in body piercing.
* Titanium has the unusual ability to osseointegrate, enabling use in dental implants. This ability is also exploited by some orthopedic implants.
* Titanium alloys are also used in spectacle frames. This results in a rather expensive, but highly durable and long lasting frame. Both traditional alloys and shape memory alloys find use in this application.

Titanium has occasionally been used in construction: the 150-foot (45 m) memorial to Yuri Gagarin, the first man to travel in space, in Moscow, is made of titanium for the metal's attractive color and association with rocketry. The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao and the Cerritos Library were the first buildings, respectively, in Europe and North America to be sheathed in titanium panels.

Vanadium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol V and atomic number 23. A rare, soft and ductile element, vanadium is found combined in certain minerals and is used mainly to produce certain alloys.

Vanadium is a soft and ductile, bright white metal. It has good resistance to corrosion by alkalis, sulfuric and hydrochloric acid. It oxidizes readily at about 933 K. Vanadium has good structural strength and a low fission neutron cross section, making it useful in nuclear applications. Although definitely a metal, it shares with Chromium and Manganese the property of having valency oxides with acid properties.

Common oxidation states of vanadium include +2, +3, +4 and +5. A popular experiment with ammonium vanadate (NH4VO3), reducing the compound with zinc metal, can demonstrate colorimetrically all four of these vanadium oxidation states. A +1 oxidation state is also rarely seen.

Approximately 80% of vanadium produced is used as ferrovanadium or as a steel additive. Other uses;

* In such alloys as:
o specialty stainless steel, e.g. for use in surgical instruments and tools.
o rust resistant and high speed tool steels.
o mixed with aluminium in titanium alloys used in jet engines and high-speed airframes
* Vanadium steel alloys are used in axles, crankshafts, gears, and other critical components.
* It is an important carbide stabilizer in making steels.
* Because of its low fission neutron cross section, vanadium has nuclear applications.
* Vanadium foil is used in cladding titanium to steel.
* Vanadium-gallium tape is in superconducting magnets (175,000 gauss).
* Vanadium(V) oxide (vanadium pentoxide, V2O5) is used as a catalyst in manufacturing sulfuric acid (via the Contact process) and maleic anhydride. It is also used in making ceramics.
* Glass coated with vanadium dioxide (VO2) can block infrared radiation (and not visible light) at some specific temperature.
* Electrical fuel cells and storage batteries.
* Added to corundum to make simulated Alexandrite jewelry.

Vanadium (Scandinavian goddess, Vanadis) was originally discovered by Andrés Manuel del Río (a Spanish mineralogist) at Mexico City in 1801, who called it "brown lead" (now named vanadinite). Through experimentation, he saw that the colors it exhibited were reminiscent of chromium, so he named the element panchromium. He later renamed this compound erythronium, since most of the salts turned red when heated. A French chemist incorrectly declared that del Rio's new element was only impure chromium. Del Rio thought himself to be mistaken and accepted the statement of the French chemist.

In 1831, Sefström of Sweden rediscovered vanadium in a new oxide he found while working with some iron ores and later that same year Friedrich Wöhler confirmed del Rio's earlier work.

Metallic vanadium was isolated by Henry Enfield Roscoe in 1867, who reduced vanadium chloride (VCl3) with hydrogen. The name vanadium comes from Vanadis, a goddess in Scandinavian mythology, because the element has beautiful multicolored chemical compounds.

Chromium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Cr and atomic number 24.

Chromium is a steel-gray, lustrous, hard metal that takes a high polish, melts with difficulty, and tarnishes.

The most common oxidation states of chromium are +2, +3, and +6, with +3 being the most stable. +4 and +5 are relatively rare. Chromium compounds of oxidation state 6 are powerful oxidants.

Chromium(0) is unstable in oxygen, immediately producing a thin oxide layer that is impermeable to oxygen and protects the metal below.

Uses of chromium:

* In metallurgy, to impart corrosion resistance and a shiny finish:
o as an alloy constituent, e.g. in stainless steel,
o in chrome plating,
o in anodized aluminium (literally turning the surface of aluminium into ruby).
* As dyes and paints.
o Chromium(III) Oxide is a metal polish known as Green rouge.
o Chromium salts color glass an emerald green.
o Chromium is what makes a ruby red, and therefore is used in producing synthetic rubies.
* As a catalyst.
* Chromite is used to make molds for the firing of bricks.
* Chromium salts are used in the tanning of leather.
* Potassium dichromate is a chemical reagent, used in cleaning laboratory glassware and as a titrating agent. It is also used as a mordant (i.e. a fixing agent) for dyes in fabric.
* Chromium(IV) oxide (CrO2) is used to manufacture magnetic tape, where its higher coercivity than iron oxide tapes gives better performance.
* In well drilling muds as an anti-corrosive.

In 1761, Johann Gottlob Lehmann found an orange-red mineral in the Ural Mountains which he named Siberian red lead. Though misidentified as a lead compound with selenium and iron components, the material was in fact lead chromate (PbCrO4), now known as the mineral crocoite.

In 1770, Peter Simon Pallas visited the same site as Lehmann and found a red "lead" mineral that had very useful properties as a pigment in paints. The use of Siberian red lead as a paint pigment developed rapidly. A bright yellow made from crocoite became a very fashionable color.

In 1797, Nicolas-Louis Vauquelin received samples of crocoite ore. He was able to produce chromium oxide (CrO3) by mixing crocoite with hydrochloric acid. In 1798, Vauquelin discovered that he could isolate metallic chromium by heating the oxide in a charcoal oven. He was also able to detect traces of chromium in precious gems, such as ruby, or emerald.

During the 1800s chromium was primarily used as a component of paints but now the primary use (85%) is for metal alloys, with the remainder used in the chemical industry and refractory and foundry industries.

Chromium was named based on the Greek word "chroma" meaning color, because of the many colorful compounds made from it.

Manganese is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Mn and atomic number 25.

Manganese is a gray-white metal, resembling iron. It is a hard metal and is very brittle, fusible with difficulty, but easily oxidized. Manganese metal is ferromagnetic only after special treatment.

The most common oxidation states of manganese are +2, +3, +4, +6 and +7, though oxidation states from +1 to +7 are observed. Mn2+ often competes with Mg2+ in biological systems, and manganese compounds where manganese is in oxidation state +7 are powerful oxidizing agents.

Manganese is essential to iron and steel production by virtue of its sulfur-fixing, deoxidizing, and alloying properties. Steelmaking, including its ironmaking component, has accounted for most manganese demand, presently in the range of 85% to 90% of the total demand. Among a variety of other uses, manganese is a key component of low-cost stainless steel formulations and certain widely used aluminium alloys. It is also added to gasoline in order to reduce engine knocking. Manganese(IV) oxide (manganese dioxide) is used in the original type of dry cell battery. Manganese dioxide is also used as a catalyst. Manganese is used to decolorize glass (removing the greenish tinge that presence of iron produces) and, in higher concentration, make violet-colored glass. Manganese oxide is a brown pigment that can be used to make paint and is a component of natural umber. Potassium permanganate is a potent oxidizer and used in chemistry and in medicine as disinfectant agent.

The overall level and nature of manganese use in the United States is expected to remain about the same in the near term. No practical technologies exist for replacing manganese with other materials or for using domestic deposits or other accumulations to reduce the complete dependence of the United States on other countries for manganese ore.

Substitutes: Manganese has no satisfactory substitute in its major applications.

Manganese (Latin magnes, meaning "magnet") was in use in prehistoric times; paints that were pigmented with manganese dioxide can be traced back 17,000 years. The Egyptians and Romans used manganese compounds in glass-making, to either remove color from glass or add color to it. Manganese can be found in the iron ores used by the Spartans. Some speculate that the exceptional hardness of Spartan steels derives from the inadvertent production of an iron-manganese alloy.

In the 17th century, the German chemist Johann Glauber (although some people believe that it was discovered by Ignites Kaim in 1770) first produced permanganate, a useful laboratory reagent. By the mid 18th century, manganese dioxide was in use in the manufacture of chlorine. The Swedish chemist Scheele was the first to recognize that manganese was an element, and his colleague, Johan Gottlieb Gahn, isolated the pure element in 1774 by reduction of the dioxide with carbon. Around the beginning of the 19th century, scientists began exploring the use of manganese in steelmaking, with patents being granted for its use at the time. In 1816, it was noted that adding manganese to iron made it harder, without making it any more brittle. In 1837, British academic Couper noted an association between heavy exposure to manganese in mines with a form of Parkinson's Disease.

Iron is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron is a group 8 and period 4 metal. Iron is notable for being the final element produced by stellar nucleosynthesis, and thus the heaviest element which does not require a supernova or similarly cataclysmic event for its formation. It is therefore the most abundant heavy metal in the universe. Its symbol Fe is an abbreviation of ferrum, the Latin word for iron.

Iron is the most abundant metal, and is believed to be the tenth most abundant element in the universe. Iron is also the most abundant (by mass, 34.6%) element making up the Earth; the concentration of iron in the various layers of the Earth ranges from high at the inner core to about 5% in the outer crust; it is possible the Earth's inner core consists of a single iron crystal although it is more likely to be a mixture of iron and nickel; the large amount of iron in the Earth is thought to contribute to its magnetic field.

Iron is a metal extracted from iron ore, and is hardly ever found in the free (elemental) state. In order to obtain elemental iron, the impurities must be removed by chemical reduction. Iron is used in the production of steel, which is not an element but an alloy, a solution of different metals (and some non-metals, particularly carbon).

The nucleus of iron has the highest binding energy per nucleon, so it is the heaviest element that is produced exothermically through fusion and the lightest through fission. When a very large star contracts at the end of its life, internal pressure and temperature rise, allowing the star to produce progressively heavier elements. When iron is reached, the star will no longer produce sufficient energy in its core, and a supernova will ensue.

Cosmological models with an open universe predict that there will be a phase where as a result of slow fusion and fission reactions, everything will become ion.

Iron is the most used of all the metals, comprising 95 percent of all the metal tonnage produced worldwide. Its combination of low cost and high strength make it indispensable, especially in applications like automobiles, the hulls of large ships, and structural components for buildings. Steel is the best known alloy of iron, and some of the forms that iron takes include:

* Pig iron has 4% – 5% carbon and contains varying amounts of contaminants such as sulfur, silicon and phosphorus. Its only significance is that of an intermediate step on the way from iron ore to cast iron and steel.
* Cast iron contains 2% – 4.0% carbon , 1% – 6% silicon , and small amounts of manganese. Contaminants present in pig iron that negatively affect the material properties, such as sulfur and phosphorus, have been reduced to an acceptable level. It has a melting point in the range of 1420–1470 K, which is lower than either of its two main components, and makes it the first product to be melted when carbon and iron are heated together. Its mechanical properties vary greatly, dependant upon the form carbon takes in the alloy. 'White' cast irons contain their carbon in the form of cementite , or iron carbide. This hard, brittle compound dominates the mechanical properties of white cast irons, rendering them hard, but unresistant to shock. The broken surface of a white cast iron is full of fine facets of the broken carbide, a very pale, silvery, shiny material, hence the appellation. In 'grey' cast iron, the carbon exists free as fine flakes of graphite , and also, renders the material brittle due to the stress-raising nature of the sharp edged flakes of graphite. A newer variant of grey iron, referred to as 'ductile iron' is specially treated with trace amounts of magnesium to alter the shape of graphite to sheroids, or nodules, vastly increasing the toughness and strength of the material.
* Carbon steel contains between 0.5% and 1.5% carbon, with small amounts of manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, and silicon.
* Wrought iron contains less than 0.2% carbon. It is a tough, malleable product, not as fusible as pig iron. It has a very small amount of carbon, a few tenths of a percent. If honed to an edge, it loses it quickly. Wrought iron is chracterised, especially in old samples, by the presence of fine 'stringers' or filaments of slag entrapped in the metal.
* Alloy steels contain varying amounts of carbon as well as other metals, such as chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, etc. They are used for structural purposes, as their alloy content raises their cost and necessitates justification of their use. Recent developments in ferrous metallurgy have produced a growing range of microalloyed steels, also termed 'HSLA' or high-strength, low alloy steels, containing tiny additions to produce high strengths and often spectacular toughness at minimal cost.
* Iron (III) oxides are used in the production of magnetic storage in computers. They are often mixed with other compounds, and retain their magnetic properties in solution.

The first signs of use of iron come from the Sumerians and the Egyptians, where around 4000 BC, small items, such as the tips of spears and ornaments, were being fashioned from iron recovered from meteorites. Because meteorites fall from the sky some linguists have conjectured that the English word iron, which has cognates in many northern and western European languages, derives from the Etruscan aisar which means "the gods".

By 3000 BC to 2000 BC, increasing numbers of smelted iron objects (distinguishable from meteoric iron by the lack of nickel in the product) appear in Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and Egypt. However, their use appears to be ceremonial, and iron was an expensive metal, more expensive than gold. In the Iliad, weaponry is mostly bronze, but iron ingots are used for trade. Some resources suggest that iron was being created then as a by-product of copper refining, as sponge iron, and was not reproducible by the metallurgy of the time. By 1600 BC to 1200 BC, iron was used increasingly in the Middle East, but did not supplant the dominant use of bronze.

Early iron smelting (as the process is called) used charcoal as both the heat source and the reducing agent. In 18th century England, wood supplies ran down and coke, a fossil fuel, was used as an alternative. This innovation by Abraham Darby supplied the energy for the Industrial Revolution.

Cobalt is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Co and atomic number 27.

Cobalt is a hard ferromagnetic silver-white element. The Curie temperature is of 1388 K with 1.6~1.7 Bohr magnetons per atom. It is frequently associated with nickel, and both are characteristic ingredients of meteoric iron. Mammals require small amounts of cobalt salts. Cobalt-60, an artificially produced radioactive isotope of cobalt, is an important radioactive tracer and cancer-treatment agent. Cobalt has a relative permeability two thirds that of iron. Metallic cobalt commonly presents a mixture of two crystallographic structures hcp and fcc with a transition temperature hcp→fcc of 722 K.

Common oxidation states of cobalt include +2, and +3, though +1 is also seen.

* Alloys, such as:
o Superalloys, for parts in gas turbine aircraft engines.
o Corrosion- and wear-resistant alloys.
o High-speed steels.
o Cemented carbides (also called hard metals) and diamond tools.
* Magnets and magnetic recording media.
o Alnico magnets.
* Catalysts for the petroleum and chemical industries.
* electroplating because of its appearance, hardness, and resistance to oxidation.
* Drying agents for paints, varnishes, and inks.
* Ground coats for porcelain enamels.
* Pigments (cobalt blue and cobalt green).
* Battery electrodes.
* Steel-belted radial tires.
* Cobalt-60 has multiple uses as a gamma ray source:
o It is used in radiotherapy.
o It is used in radiation treatment of foods for sterilization (cold pasteurization).
o It is used in industrial radiography to detect structural flaws in metal parts.

Co-60 is useful as a gamma ray source partially because it can be produced - in known quantity, and very large amounts - by simply exposing natural cobalt to neutrons in a reactor for a given time.

Cobalt-60 (Co-60 or 60Co) is a radioactive metal that is used in radiotherapy. It produces two gamma rays with energies of 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV. The 60Co source is about 2 cm in diameter and as a result produces a geometric penumbra, making the edge of the radiation field fuzzy. The metal has the unfortunate habit of producing a fine dust, causing problems with radiation protection. The 60Co source is useful for about 5 years but even after this point is still very radioactive, and so cobalt machines have fallen from favor in the Western world where linacs are common. The first 60Co therapy machine (the "cobalt bomb") was built and first used in Canada. In fact the first machine is on display in the Saskatoon Cancer Centre – look up when entering the lobby. The second machine is out beside the walkway into the Centre.

Cobalt was known in ancient times through its compounds, which would color glass a rich blue.

George Brandt (1694-1768) is credited with the discovery of cobalt. The date of discovery varies depending on the source, but is between 1730 and 1737. He was able to show that cobalt was the source of the blue color in glasses, which previously had been attributed to the bismuth found with cobalt.

During the 19th century, cobalt blue was produced at the Norwegian Blaafarveværket (70-80 % of world production), led by the Prussian industrialist Benjamin Wegner.

In 1938, John Livingood and Glenn Seaborg discovered cobalt-60.

The word cobalt comes from the German kobalt or kobold, meaning evil spirit, the metal being so called by miners, because it was poisonous and troublesome (it polluted and degraded the other mined elements, like nickel). Some also think the name may derive from Greek kobalos, which means 'mine', and which may have common roots with kobold, goblin, and cobalt.

Nickel is a metallic chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ni and atomic number 28.

Nickel is silvery white metal that takes on a high polish. It belongs to the iron group, and is hard, malleable, and ductile. It occurs combined with sulfur in millerite, with arsenic in the mineral niccolite, and with arsenic and sulfur in nickel glance.

On account of its permanence in air and inertness to oxidation, it is used in the smaller coins, for plating iron, brass, etc., for chemical apparatus, and in certain alloys, as German silver. It is magnetic, and is very frequently accompanied by cobalt, both being found in meteoric iron. It is chiefly valuable for the alloys it forms.

Nickel is one of the five ferromagnetic elements. Because of the precise alloy used, the US "nickel" coin is not ferromagnetic, while the Canadian coin of the same name is up to and including the year 1958.

The most common oxidation state of nickel is +2, though 0, +1 and +3 Ni complexes are observed.

About 65 percent of the nickel consumed in the Western World is used to make austenitic stainless steel. Another 12 percent goes into superalloys. The remaining 23% of consumption is divided between alloy steels, rechargeable batteries, catalysts and other chemicals, coinage, foundry products, and plating. The largest consumer of nickel is Japan, which uses 169,600 tonnes per year (2005) 1.

Applications include:

* Stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys.
* Nickel steel is used for armor plates and burglar-proof vaults.
* The alloy Alnico is used in magnets.
* Mu-metal has an especially high magnetic permeability, and is used to screen magnetic fields.
* Monel metal is a copper-nickel alloy highly resistant to corrosion, used for ship propellers, kitchen supplies, and chemical industry plumbing
* Smart wire, or shape memory alloys, are used in robotics.
* Rechargeable batteries, such as nickel metal hydride batteries and nickel cadmium batteries.
* Coinage. In the United States and Canada, nickel is used in five-cent coins called nickels. See also clad.
* In electroplating.
* In crucibles for chemical laboratories.
* Finely divided nickel is a catalyst for hydrogenating vegetable oils.

Nickel use is ancient, and can be traced back as far as 3500 BC. Bronzes from what is now Syria had a nickel content of up to two percent. Further, there are Chinese manuscripts suggesting that "white copper" (e.g. baitung) was used in the Orient between 1400 and 1700 BC. However, because the ores of nickel were easily mistaken for ores of silver, any understanding of this metal and its use dates to more contemporary times.

Minerals containing nickel (e.g. kupfernickel, or false copper) were of value for coloring glass green. In 1751, Baron Axel Frederik Cronstedt was attempting to extract copper from kupfernickel (now called niccolite), and obtained instead a white metal that he called nickel.

The first nickel coin of the pure metal was made in 1881.

Copper is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Cu and atomic number 29.

In Greek times, the metal was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). In Roman times, it became known as aes Cyprium (aes being the generic Latin term for copper alloys such as bronze and other metals, and because so much of it was mined in Cyprus). From this, the phrase was simplified to cuprum and then eventually Anglicized into the English copper.

Copper was known to some of the oldest civilizations on record, and has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old. A copper pendant was found in what is now northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. By 5000 BC there are signs of copper smelting, the refining of copper from simple copper oxides such as malachite or azurite. The earliest signs of gold use, by contrast, appear around 4000 BC.

There are copper and bronze artifacts from Sumerian cities that date to 3000 BC, and Egyptian artifacts in copper and copper alloyed with tin nearly as old. In one pyramid, a copper plumbing system was found that is 5000 years old.

The Egyptians found that adding a small amount of tin made the metal easier to cast, so bronze alloys are found in Egypt almost as soon as copper is found. Use of copper in ancient China dates to at least 2000 BC. By 1200 BC excellent bronzes were being made in China. Note that these dates are affected by wars and conquest, as copper is easily melted down and reused. In Europe, Oetzi the Iceman, a well preserved male dated to 3200 BC, was found with a copper tipped axe whose metal was 99.7% pure. High levels of arsenic in his hair suggests he was involved in copper smelting.

The use of bronze was so pervasive in a certain era of civilization that it has been named the Bronze Age. The transitional period in certain regions between the preceding Neolithic period and the Bronze Age is termed the Chalcolithic, with some high purity copper tools being used alongside stone tools.
Alchemical symbol for copper

Brass, an alloy of zinc and copper, was known to the Greeks but first used extensively by the Romans.

Copper was associated with the goddess Aphrodite/Venus in mythology and alchemy, owing to its lustrous beauty, its ancient use in producing mirrors, and its association with Cyprus, which was sacred to the goddess.

In alchemy the symbol for copper was also the symbol for the planet Venus.

Copper is essential in all higher plants and animals. Copper is carried mostly in the bloodstream on a plasma protein called ceruloplasmin. When copper is first absorbed in the gut it is transported to the liver bound to albumin. Copper is found in a variety of enzymes, including the copper centers of cytochrome c oxidase, the Cu-Zn containing enzyme superoxide dismutase, and is the central metal in the oxygen carrying pigment hemocyanin. The blood of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus uses copper rather than iron for oxygen transport.

It is believed that zinc and copper compete for absorption in the digestive tract so that a diet that is excessive in one of these minerals may result in a deficiency in the other. The RDA for copper in normal healthy adults is 0.9 mg/day.

All copper compounds, unless otherwise known, should be treated as if they were toxic. 30g of copper sulfate is potentially lethal in humans. The suggested safe level of copper in drinking water for humans varies depending on the source, but tends to be pegged at 1.5 to 2 mg/l. The DRI Tolerable Upper Intake Level for adults of dietary copper from all sources is 10 mg/day.

An inherited condition called Wilson's disease causes the body to retain copper, since it is not excreted by the liver into the bile. This disease, if untreated, can lead to brain and liver damage. In addition, studies have found that people with mental illnesses such as schizophrenia had heightened levels of copper in their systems. However it is unknown at this stage whether the copper contributes to the mental illness, whether the body attempts to store more copper in response to the illness, or whether the high levels of copper are the result of the mental illness.

Copper is a reddish-coloured metal, with a high electrical and thermal conductivity (among pure metals at room temperature, only silver has a higher electrical conductivity). Copper may well be the oldest metal in use, as copper artifacts dating to 8700 BC have been found. Besides being part of various ores, copper can be found in the metallic form (i.e. native copper) in some locations.

There are two stable isotopes, 63Cu and 65Cu, along with a couple dozen radioisotopes. The vast majority of radioisotopes have half lives on the order of minutes or less, the longest lived, 64Cu, has a half life of 12.7 hours, with two decay modes, leading to two separate products.

There are numerous alloys of copper - speculum metal is a copper/tin alloy, brass is a copper/zinc alloy, and bronze is a copper/tin alloy. Monel metal is a copper/nickel alloy, also called cupronickel.

Zinc (from German Zink) is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Zn and atomic number 30.

Zinc is a moderately reactive metal that will combine with oxygen and other non-metals, and will react with dilute acids to release hydrogen. The one common oxidation state of zinc is +2.

Zinc is the fourth most common metal in use, trailing only iron, aluminium, and copper in annual production.

* Zinc is used to galvanize metals such as steel to prevent their corrosion.
* Zinc is used in alloys such as brass, nickel silver, typewriter metal, various solder formulas, German silver, etc.
* Brass, in turn, has wide application because of its strength and corrosion resistance.
* Since 1982, zinc has been the primary metal used in making American pennies.
* Zinc is used in die castings, especially by the automobile industry.
* Rolled zinc is used as part of the containers of batteries.
* Zinc oxide is used as a white pigment in watercolors and paints, and as an activator in the rubber industry. As an over-the-counter ointment, it is applied as a thin coating on the exposed skin of the face and nose to prevent dehydration and thereby protect against sunburn in the summer and windburn in the winter. Applied thinly to a baby's diaper area (perineum) with each diaper change, it protects against rash. As determined in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study, it's part of an effective treatment for age-related macular degeneration in some cases.
* Zinc chloride is used as a deodorant and as a wood preservative.
* Zinc sulfide is used in luminescent pigments, for making the hands of clocks and other items that glow in the dark.
* Zinc methyl (Zn(CH3)2) is used in a number of organic syntheses.
* Zinc stearate is a lubricative plastic additive.
* Lotions made of calamine, a mix of Zn-(hydroxy-)carbonates and silicates, are used to treat skin rash.
* Zinc metal is included in most proprietary over-the-counter daily vitamin and mineral preparations. Along with some other metals, it is believed by some to possess anti-oxidant properties, which protect against premature aging of the skin and muscles of the body. In larger amounts, taken as zinc alone in other proprietaries, it is believed by some to speed up the healing process after an injury. Preparations include zinc acetate and zinc gluconate.
* Zinc gluconate glycine is taken in lozenge form as a remedy for the common cold.

Zinc alloys have been used for centuries, as brass goods dating to 1000-1400 BC have been found in Palestine and zinc objects with 87% zinc have been found in prehistoric Transylvania. Because of the low boiling point and high chemical reactivity of this metal (isolated zinc would tend to go up the chimney rather than be captured), the true nature of this metal was not understood in ancient times.

The manufacture of brass was known to the Romans by about 30 BC, using a technique where calamine and copper were heated together in a crucible. The zinc oxides in calamine were reduced, and the free zinc metal was trapped by the copper, forming an alloy. The resulting calamine brass was either cast or hammered into shape.

Smelting and extraction of impure forms of zinc was being accomplished as early as AD 1000 in India and China. By the end of the 14th century, the Hindus were aware of the existence of zinc as a metal separate from the seven known to the ancients. In the West, impure zinc as a remnant in melting ovens was known since Antiquity, but usually thrown away as worthless. Strabo mentions it as pseudo-arguros "mock silver". The Berne Zinc tablet is a votive plaque dating to Roman Gaul, probably made from such zinc remnants. The discovery of pure metallic zinc is most often credited to the German Andreas Marggraf, in the year 1746, though the whole story is considerably more involved.

Descriptions of brass manufacture are found in Western Europe in the writings of Albertus Magnus, c. 1248, and by the 16th century, the understanding and awareness of the new metal broadened considerably. Georg Agricola observed, in 1546, that a white metal could be condensed and scraped off the walls of a furnace when zinc ores were smelted. He added in his notes that a similar metal called "zincum" was being produced in Silesia. Paracelsus (died 1541) was the first in the West to say that "zincum" was a new metal and that it had a separate set of chemical properties from other known metals.

The upshot is that zinc was known by the time Marggraf made his discoveries and in fact zinc had been isolated two years earlier by another chemist, Anton von Swab. However, Marggraf's reports were exhaustive and methodical and the quality of his research cemented his reputation as the discoverer of zinc.

Before the discovery of the zinc sulfide flotation technique, calamine was the mineral source of zinc metal.

Gallium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ga and atomic number 31. A rare, soft silvery metallic poor metal, gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures but liquefies slightly above room temperature and indeed will melt in the hand. It occurs in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores. An important application is in the compound gallium arsenide, used as a semiconductor, most notably in light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

Very pure gallium has a stunning silvery color and its solid metal fractures conchoidally like glass. Gallium metal expands by 3.1 percent when it solidifies, and therefore should not be stored in either glass or metal containers. Gallium also corrodes most other metals by diffusing into their metal lattice.

Gallium is one of the four metals (with caesium, mercury, and rubidium) which are liquid at or near normal room temperature, and can therefore be used in high-temperature thermometers. It is also notable for having one of the largest liquid ranges for a metal, and (unlike mercury) for having a low vapor pressure at high temperatures.

This metal has a strong tendency to supercool below its melting point, thus necessitating seeding in order to solidify. High-purity gallium is attacked slowly by mineral acids. The melting point temperature is very low, T = 30 °C, and the density is higher in the liquid state than in the crystalline state (like water, but unlike most materials).

Gallium does not crystallize in any of the simple crystal structures. The stable phase under normal conditions is orthorhombic with 8 atoms in the conventional unit cell. Each atom has only one nearest neighbor (at a distance of 244 pm) and six other neighbors within additional 39 pm. Many stable and metastable phases are found as function of temperature and pressure.

The bonding between the nearest neighbors is found to be of covalent character, hence Ga2 dimers are seen as the fundamental building blocks of the crystal. The compound with arsenic, gallium arsenide is a semiconductor commonly used in light-emitting diodes).

Analog integrated circuits are the most common application for gallium, with optoelectronic devices (mostly laser diodes and light-emitting diodes) as the second largest end use.
Other uses include:

* Since it wets glass or porcelain, gallium can be used to create brilliant mirrors.
* Used widely to dope semiconductors and produce solid-state devices like transistors.
* Gallium readily alloys with most metals, and has been used as a component in low-melting alloys. The plutonium pits of nuclear weapons employ an alloy with gallium to stabilize the allotropes of plutonium. Much research is being devoted to gallium alloys as substitutes for mercury dental amalgams, but such compounds have yet to see wide acceptance. Gallium added in quantities up to 2% in common solders can aid wetting and flow characteristics.
* Gallium is used in some high temperature thermometers, and a eutectic alloy of gallium, indium, and tin is widely available in fever thermometers, replacing mercury. This alloy, with the trade name Galinstan, has a freezing point of −20 °C.
* Magnesium gallate containing impurities (such as Mn+2), is beginning to be used in ultraviolet-activated phosphor powder.
* It has been suggested that a liquid Gallium-Tin alloy could be use to cool computer chips in place of water. As it conducts heat approximately 65 times better than water it makes a considerably better coolant.
* Gallium salts like gallium citrate and gallium nitrate are used as radiocontrast agents in medical imaging. For these applications, a radioactive isotope such as 67Ga is used.

Germanium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. This is a lustrous, hard, silver-white, metalloid that is chemically similar to tin. Germanium forms a large number of organometallic compounds and is an important semiconductor material used in transistors.

Germanium is a hard, grayish-white element that has a metallic luster and the same crystal structure as diamond. In addition, it is important to note that germanium is a semiconductor, with electrical properties between those of a metal and an insulator. In its pure state, this metalloid is crystalline, brittle and retains its luster in air at room temperature. Zone refining techniques have led to the production of crystalline germanium for semiconductors that have an impurity of only one part in 1010.

In 1871 germanium (Latin Germania for Germany) was one of the elements that Dmitri Mendeleev predicted to exist as a missing analogue of the silicon group (Mendeleev called it "ekasilicon"). The existence of this element was proven by Clemens Winkler in 1886. This discovery was an important confirmation of Mendeleev's idea of element periodicity.

The development of the germanium transistor opened the door to countless applications of solid-state electronics. From 1950 through the early 1970s, this area provided an increasing market for germanium, but then high purity silicon began replacing germanium in transistors, diodes, and rectifiers. Silicon has superior electrical properties, but requires much higher purity samples—a purity which could not be commercially achieved in the early days. Meanwhile, demand for germanium in fiber optics communication networks, infrared night vision systems, and polymerization catalysts increased dramatically. These end uses represented 85% of worldwide germanium consumption for 2000.

Unlike most semiconductors, germanium has a small band gap, allowing it to efficiently respond to infrared light. It is therefore used in infrared spectroscopes and other optical equipment which require extremely sensitive infrared detectors. Its oxide's index of refraction and dispersion properties make germanium useful in wide-angle camera lenses and in microscope objective lenses.

Germanium transistors are still used in stompboxes by musicians who wish to reproduce the distinctive character of fuzzboxes from the early Rock and roll era.

The alloy Silicon germanide (commonly referred to as "silicon-germanium", or SiGe) is rapidly becoming an important semiconductor material, for use in high speed integrated circuits. Circuits utilising the properties of Si-SiGe junctions can be much faster than those using silicon alone.

Other uses:

* Alloying agent;
* Phosphor in fluorescent lamps; and as a
* catalyst

Certain compounds of germanium have low toxicity to mammals, but have toxic effects against certain bacteria. This property makes these compounds useful as chemotherapeutic agents.

Arsenic is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol As and atomic number 33. This is a notorious poisonous metalloid that has three allotropic forms; yellow, black and grey. Arsenic and its compounds are used as pesticides, herbicides, insecticides and various alloys.

Arsenic is very similar chemically to its predecessor phosphorus, so much so that it will partly substitute for it in biochemical reactions and is thus poisonous. When heated it rapidly oxidizes to arsenic trioxide, which has a garlic odor. Arsenic and some arsenic compounds can also sublime upon heating, converting directly to a gaseous form. Elemental arsenic is found in two solid forms: yellow and gray/metallic, with specific gravities of 1.97 and 5.73, respectively.

Lead arsenate has been used, well into the 20th century, as a pesticide on fruit trees (resulting in neurological damage to those working the sprayers), and copper arsenate has even been recorded in the 19th century as a coloring agent in sweets.

The application of most concern to the general public, is probably that of wood which has been treated with chromated copper arsenate ("CCA", or "Tanalith", and the vast majority of older "pressure treated" wood). CCA timber is still in widespread use in many countries, and was heavily used during the later half of the 20th century as a structural, and outdoor building material, where there was a risk of rot, or insect infestation in untreated timber. Although widespread bans followed the publication of studies which showed low-level leaching from in-situ timbers (such as children's playground equipment) into surrounding soil, the most serious risk is presented by the burning of CCA timber. Recent years have seen fatal animal poisonings, and serious human poisonings resulting from the ingestion - directly or indirectly - of wood ash from CCA timber (the lethal human dose is approximately 20 grams of ash - roughly a tablespoon). Scrap CCA construction timber continues to be widely burnt through ignorance, in both commercial, and domestic fires. Safe disposal of CCA timber remains patchy, and little practiced, there is concern in some quarters about the widespread landfill disposal of such timber.

During the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, a number of arsenic compounds have been used as medicines, including arsphenamine (by Paul Erlich) and arsenic trioxide (by Thomas Fowler). Arsphenamine as well as Neosalvarsan was indicated for syphilis and trypanosomiasis, but has been superseded by modern antibiotics. Arsenic trioxide has been used in a variety of ways over the past 200 years, but most commonly in the treatment of cancer. The FDA in 2000 approved this compound for the treatment of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia that is resistant to ATRA.

Other uses;

* Various agricultural insecticides and poisons.
* Gallium arsenide is an important semiconductor material, used in integrated circuits. Circuits made using the compound are much faster (but also much more expensive) than those made in silicon. Unlike silicon it is direct bandgap, and so can be used in laser diodes and LEDs to directly convert electricity into light.
* Arsenic trioxide is used in Australia for treating termite infestations in houses.
* Also used in: bronzing, pyrotechny

The word Arsenic is borrowed from the Persian word Zarnik meaning "yellow orpiment". Zarnik was borrowed by Greek as arsenikon. Arsenic has been known and used in Persia and elsewhere since ancient times. As the symptoms of arsenic poisoning were somewhat ill-defined, it was frequently used for murder until the advent of the Marsh test, a sensitive chemical test for its presence. (Another less sensitive but more general test is the Reinsch test.) Due to its use by the ruling class to bump each other off and its incredible potency and discreetness, arsenic has been called the Poison of Kings and the King of Poisons.

During the Bronze Age, arsenic was often included in the bronze (mostly as an impurity), which made the alloy harder.

Albertus Magnus is believed to have been the first to isolate the element in 1250. In 1649 Johann Schroeder published two ways of preparing arsenic.

In Victorian times, arsenic was mixed with vinegar and chalk and eaten by women to improve the complexion of their faces.

There is a massive epidemic of arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh, where it is estimated that approximately 57 million people are drinking groundwater with arsenic concentrations elevated above the World Health Organization's standard of 50 parts per billion. The arsenic in the groundwater is of natural origin, and is released from the sediment into the groundwater due to the anoxic conditions of the subsurface. This groundwater began to be used after western NGOs instigated a massive tube well drinking-water program in the late twentieth century. This program was designed to prevent drinking of bacterially-contaminated surface waters, but unfortunately failed to test for arsenic in the groundwater. Many other countries in South East Asia, such as Vietnam, Cambodia, and Tibet, are thought to have geological environments similarly conducive to generation of high-arsenic groundwaters.

Selenium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Se and atomic number 34. This is a toxic nonmetal that is chemically related to sulfur and tellurium. It occurs in several different forms but one of these is a stable gray metallike form that conducts electricity better in the light than in the dark and is used in photocells. This element is found in sulfide ores such as pyrite.

Selenium is an essential micronutrient in all known forms of life; it is a component of the unusual amino acid selenocysteine. Because of its photovoltaic and photoconductive properties, selenium is used extensively in electronics, such as photo cells, and solar cells. Selenium is also extensively used in rectifiers.

Selenium is used to remove color from glass, as it will counteract the green color ferrous impurities impart. It also can be used to give a red color to glasses and enamels. Selenium is used to improve the abrasion resistance in vulcanized rubbers. It also finds application in photocopying.

Another use for selenium is the toning of photographs, and is sold by numerous photographic manufacturers including Kodak and Fotospeed. Its artistic use is to intensify and extend the tonal range of black and white photographic images, and it can also be used for increasing the permanence of images.

Selenium (Greek σελήνη selene meaning "Moon") was discovered in 1817 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius who found the element associated with tellurium.

Growth in selenium consumption was driven by the development of new uses, including applications in rubber compounding, steel alloying, and selenium rectifiers. By 1970, selenium in rectifiers had largely been replaced by silicon, but its use as a photoconductor in plain paper copiers had become its leading application. During the 1980s, the photoconductor application declined (although it was still a large end-use) as more and more copiers using organic photoconductors were produced. In 1996, continuing research showed a positive correlation between selenium supplementation and cancer prevention in humans, but widespread direct application of this important finding would not add significantly to demand owing to the small doses required. In the late 1990s, the use of selenium (usually with bismuth) as an additive to plumbing brasses to meet no-lead environmental standards became important.

Bromine (from Gr. Bromos, meaning "stench"), is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Br and atomic number 35. A halogen element, bromine is a red volatile liquid at room temperature which has a reactivity between chlorine and iodine. This element is harmful to human tissue in a liquid state and its vapor irritates eyes and throat.

Bromine is the only liquid nonmetallic element at room temperature. It is a heavy, mobile, reddish-brown liquid, that evaporates easily at standard temperature and pressures in a red vapor (its color resembles nitrogen dioxide) that has a strong disagreeable odor resembling that of chlorine. A halogen, bromine resembles chlorine chemically but is less active (it is more active than iodine however). Bromine is slightly soluble in water, and highly soluble in carbon disulfide, aliphatic alcohols (such as methanol), and acetic acid. It bonds easily with many elements and has a strong bleaching action.

Bromine is highly reactive and is a powerful oxidizing agent in the presence of water. It reacts vigorously with amines, alkenes and phenols as well as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones and acids (these are brominated by either addition or substitution). With many of the metals and elements, anhydrous bromine is less reactive than wet bromine; however, dry bromine reacts vigorously with aluminium, titanium, mercury as well as alkaline earth metals and alkaline metals.

Elemental bromine is used to manufacture a wide variety of bromine compounds used in industry and agriculture. Traditionally the largest use of bromine was in the production of 1,2-Dibromoethane which in turn was used as a gasoline anti-knock agent for leaded gasolines before they were largely phased out due to environmental considerations.

Bromine is also used in making fumigants, flameproofing agents, water purification compounds, dyes, medicinals, sanitizes, inorganic bromides for photography, etc. It is also used to form intermediates in organic synthesis, where it is preferred to iodine due to its much lower cost.

Bromine is used to make brominated vegetable oil, which is used as an emulsifier in many citrus-flavored soft drinks.

Aqueous bromine is orange and can be used in tests for alkenes and phenols.

* When added to an alkene it will lose its color as it reacts forming a colorless bromoalkane.
* When added to phenol a white precipitate (2,4,6-tribromophenol) will form.

Krypton is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Kr and atomic number 36. A colorless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere, is isolated by fractionating liquefied air, and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps. Krypton is inert for most practical purposes but it is known to form compounds with fluorine. Krypton can also form clathrates with water when atoms of it are trapped in a lattice of the water molecules.

Krypton, a so-called noble gas due to its very low chemical reactivity, is characterized by a brilliant green and orange spectral signature. It is one of the products of uranium fission. Solidified krypton is white and crystalline with a face-centered cubic crystal structure which is a common property of all "rare gases."

The SI standard definition of the length of the metre was, from 1960 to 1983, based on the light emitted by excited krypton atoms: specifically, the metre was defined as 1,650,763.73 wavelengths of the orange-red emission line emitted by krypton-86 atoms.

Krypton clathrates have been made with hydroquinone and phenol. Kr-85 is used in chemical analysis. When it is placed in various solids kryptonates are formed and their activity is sensitive to surface chemical reactions. This noble gas is also used in photographic flash lamps needed for high-speed photography but this use is limited because of the high cost of krypton.

Krypton (Greek kryptos meaning "hidden") was discovered in 1898 by William Ramsay and Morris Travers in residue left from evaporating nearly all components of liquid air. In 1960 an international agreement defined the metre in terms of light emitted from a krypton isotope. This agreement replaced the longstanding standard metre located in Paris which was a metal bar made of a platinum-iridium alloy (the bar was originally estimated to be one ten millionth of a quadrant of the earth's polar circumference). In October 1983 the krypton standard was in turn replaced by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures). A metre is now defined as the distance that light travels in a vacuum during 1/299,792,458 s.

Rubidium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Rb and atomic number 37. Rb is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali metal group. Rb-87, a naturally occurring isotope, is (slightly) radioactive. Rubidium is highly reactive, with properties similar to other elements in group 1, like igniting spontaneously in air.

Rubidium is the second most electropositive of the alkaline elements and can be a liquid at room temperature. Like other group 1 elements this metal ignites spontaneously in air and reacts violently in water, liberating and sometimes igniting hydrogen. Also like other alkali metals, it forms amalgams with mercury and it can form alloys with gold, caesium, sodium, and potassium. The element gives a yellowish violet color to a flame.

Rubidium can be easily ionized, and because of this has been considered for use in ion engines for space vehicles (but caesium and xenon are more efficient for this purpose). Other potential or current uses:

* As a working fluid in vapor turbines.
* As a getter in vacuum tubes.
* As a photocell component.
* In the making of special glasses.
* RbAg4I5 has the highest room temperature conductivity of any known ionic crystal. This property could be useful in thin film batteries and in other applications.
* Also considered for use in a thermoelectric generator using the magnetohydrodynamic principle where rubidium ions are formed by heat at high temperature and passed through a magnetic field. These conduct electricity and act like an armature of a generator thereby generating an electric current.
* Rubidium compounds are sometimes used in fireworks to give them a purple color.
* Rubidium, particularly 87Rb, in the form of vapor is one of the most commonly-used atomic species employed for laser cooling and Bose-Einstein condensation. Its desirable features for this application include the ready availability of inexpensive diode laser light at the relevant wavelength and the moderate temperatures required to obtain substantial vapor pressures.

Rubidium (L rubidus, deepest red) was discovered in 1861 by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff in the mineral lepidolite through the use of a spectroscope. However this element had minimal industrial use until the 1920s. Historically, the most important use for rubidium has been in research and development, primarily in chemical and electronic applications.

Strontium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Sr and the atomic number 38. An alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically. This metal turns yellow when exposed to air and occurs in celestite and strontianite. Sr-90 is present in radioactive fallout and has a half-life of 28.78 years.

Due to its extreme reactivity to air, this element always naturally occurs combined with other elements and compounds, as in the minerals strontianite, celestite, etc. It is isolated as a yellowish metal and is somewhat malleable. It is chiefly employed (as in the nitrate) to color pyrotechnic flames red.

Strontium is a bright silvery metal that is softer than calcium and even more reactive in water; strontium will decompose on contact to produce strontium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. It burns in air to produce both a strontium oxide and strontium nitride, but since it does not react with nitrogen below 380 °C it will only form the oxide spontaneously at room temperature. It should be kept under kerosene to prevent oxidation; freshly exposed strontium metal rapidly turns a yellowish color with the formation of the oxide. Finely powdered strontium metal will ignite spontaneously in air. Volatile strontium salts impart a beautiful crimson color to flames, and these salts are used in pyrotechnics and in the production of flares. Natural strontium is a mixture of four stable isotopes.

At present the primary use for strontium is in glass for color television cathode ray tubes.

Other commercial uses:

* Production of ferrite magnets and refining zinc.
* Strontium titanate has an extremely high refractive index and an optical dispersion greater than that of diamond, making it useful in a variety of optics applications.
* Strontium titanate has been cut into gemstones, in particular for its use as diamond simulant. However, it is very soft and easily scratches so it is rarely used.
* Strontium is also used in fireworks for red color.
* Strontium chloride is sometimes used in toothpastes for sensitive teeth. One popular brand includes 10% strontium chloride hexahydrate by weight.
* Strontium-90 has been used as a power source for RTGs. Strontium-90 produces about 0.46 watts of heat per gram, about 15% less power per gram then plutonium-238 which is the most common RTG fuel. Strontium-90 also decays roughly 3 times faster than plutonium-238. Most disadvantageously strontium-90 produces very little energy per volume (because of low density), making for large and bulky RTGs not suited for use in outer space. Its only advantages over plutonium-238 are that strontium-90 is much cheaper to produce (common waste product of nuclear reactors) and lacks negative public image (at least among those too young to remember milk scares involving strontium-90).

Yttrium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Y and atomic number 39. A silvery metallic transition metal, yttrium is common in rare-earth minerals and two of its compounds are used to make the red color in color televisions.

Yttrium is a silver-metallic, lustrous rare earth metal that is relatively stable in air and chemically resembles the lanthanides. Shavings or turnings of the metal can ignite in air when they exceed 400 °C. When yttrium is finely divided it is very unstable in air. The metal has a low cross section for nuclear capture. The common oxidation state of yttrium is +3.

Yttrium oxide is the most important yttrium compound and is widely used to make YVO4 europium and Y2O3 europium phosphors that give the red color in color television picture tubes. Other uses;

* Yttrium oxide is also used to make yttrium-iron-garnets which are very effective microwave filters.
* Yttrium iron, aluminium, and gadolinium garnets (e.g. Y3Fe5O12 and Y3Al5O12) have interesting magnetic properties. Yttrium iron garnet is very efficient as an acoustic energy transmitter and transducer. Yttrium aluminium garnet has a hardness of 8.5 and is also used as a gemstone (simulated diamond).
* Small amounts of the element (0.1 to 0.2%) have been used to reduce grain size of chromium, molybdenum, titanium, and zirconium. It is also used to increase the strength of aluminium and magnesium alloys.
* Used as a catalyst for ethylene polymerization.
* Yttrium aluminium garnet, yttrium lithium fluoride, and yttrium vanadate are used in combination with dopants such as neodymium or erbium in infrared lasers.
* This metal can be used to deoxidize vanadium and other nonferrous metals.
* Yttrium is also used in the manufacture of gas mantles for propane lanterns.
* Cerium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG:Ce) crystals are used to make blue LEDs.
* Yttrium was used as a "secret" element in a superconductor developed at the University of Houston. This superconductor operated above 90K, an amazing feat because it can operate at above liquid nitrogen's boiling point. (Y1.2Ba0.8CuO4). The matter created was a multi-crystal multi-phase mineral, of which were black and green.

Yttrium has been studied for possible use as a nodulizer in the making of nodular cast iron which has increased ductility (the graphite forms compact nodules instead of flakes to form nodular cast iron). Potentially, yttrium can be used in ceramic and glass formulas, since yttrium oxide has a high melting point and imparts shock resistance and low expansion characteristics to glass.

Yttrium (named for Ytterby, a Swedish village near Vaxholm) was discovered by Johan Gadolin in 1794 and isolated by Friedrich Wohler in 1828 as an impure extract of yttria through the reduction of yttrium anhydrous chloride (YCl3) with potassium. Yttria (Y2O3) is the oxide of yttrium and was discovered by Johan Gadolin in 1794 in a gadolinite mineral from Ytterby.

In 1843 Carl Mosander was able to show that yttria could be divided into the oxides (or earths) of three different elements. "Yttria" was the name used for the most basic one and the others were named erbia and terbia.

A quarry is located near the village of Ytterby that yielded many unusual minerals that contained rare earths and other elements. The elements erbium, terbium, and ytterbium, and yttrium have all been named after this same town.

Zirconium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Zr and atomic number 40. A lustrous gray-white, strong transition metal that resembles titanium, zirconium is obtained chiefly from zircon and is very corrosion resistant. Zirconium is primarily used in nuclear reactors for a neutron absorber and to make corrosion-resistant alloys.

It is a grayish-white metal, lustrous and exceptionally corrosion resistant. Zirconium is lighter than steel and its hardness is similar to copper. When it is finely divided, the metal can spontaneously ignite in air, especially at high temperatures (it is much more difficult to ignite the solid metal). Zirconium zinc alloy becomes magnetic at temperatures below 35° K. Oxidation states of zirconium include +4, although +3 and +2 can be obtained.

The major end uses of zircon (ZrSiO4) are refractories, foundry sands (including investment casting), and ceramic opacification. Zircon is also marketed as a natural gemstone used in jewelry, and its oxide is processed to produce the diamond simulant, cubic zirconia. Other uses:

* Zirconium has a low absorption cross section for neutrons, which makes it ideal for nuclear energy uses, such as cladding fuel elements. More than 90% of zirconium metal production is consumed by commercial nuclear power generation. Modern commercial scale reactors can use as much as a 150,000 meters of zirconium alloy tubing.
* Extensively used by the chemical industry for piping in corrosive environments.
* Zirconium is pyrophoric (flammable) and has been used in military incendiaries.
* Its carbonate is used in poison ivy lotions.
* Impure zirconium oxide, Zirconia, is used to make laboratory crucibles that can withstand heat shock, for linings of metallurgical furnaces, and by the ceramic and glass industries as a refractory material.
* Human tissues can easily tolerate this metal which makes it suitable for some artificial joints and limbs.
* Also used in heat exchangers, as a "getter" in vacuum tubes, in lamp filaments and various specialty alloys.
* When alloyed with niobium, zirconium becomes superconductive at low temperatures and is used to make superconductive magnets with possible large-scale electrical power uses.
* Zirconium Diamide-Diamine complexes can be used to catalyse the polymerisation of alkenes, especially ethene, when activated with Trityl-BArF.
* Zirconium Nitride has been used more recently as an alternative to Titanium Nitride for coating drill bits. Both coatings are supposed to keep the bit sharper and cooler during cutting.

Zirconium (Arabic zarkûn from Persian zargûn meaning "gold like") was discovered in 1789 by Martin Heinrich Klaproth and isolated in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius.

The zirconium containing mineral zircon, or its variations (jargon, hyacinth, jacinth, or ligure), were mentioned in biblical writings. The mineral was not known to contain a new element until Klaproth analyzed a jargon from Ceylon in the Indian Ocean. He named the new element Zirkonertz (zirconia). The impure metal was isolated first by Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in a small decomposition process conducted in an iron tube. Pure zirconium wasn't prepared until 1914.

Niobium (or columbium) is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Nb and atomic number 41. A rare, soft, gray, ductile transition metal, niobium is found in niobite and used in alloys. The most notable alloys are used to make special steels and strong welded joints. Niobium was discovered in a variety of columbite (now called niobite) and was at first named after this mineral.

Niobium is a shiny grey, ductile metal that takes on a bluish tinge when exposed to air at room temperature for extended periods. Niobium's chemical properties are almost identical to the chemical properties of tantalum, which appears below niobium in the periodic table.

When it is processed at even moderate temperatures niobium must be placed in a protective atmosphere. The metal begins to oxidize in air at 200 ° C and its oxidation states are +2, +3, +5.

Niobium has a number of uses: it is a component of some stainless steels and an alloy of other nonferrous metals. These alloys are strong and are often used in pipeline construction. Other uses;

* The metal has a low capture cross-section for thermal neutrons and so finds use in the nuclear industries.
* It is also the metal used in arc welding rods for some stabilized grades of stainless steel.
* Because of its bluish color, niobium is also used in body piercing jewelry (usually as an alloy).
* Appreciable amounts of niobium in the form of high-purity ferroniobium and nickel niobium are used in nickel-, cobalt-, and iron-base superalloys for such applications as jet engine components, rocket subassemblies, and heat-resisting and combustion equipment. For example, advanced air frame systems such as those used in the Gemini program used this metal.
* Niobium is being evaluated as an alternative to tantalum in capacitors.
* Because in their pure metal form they are considered to be physiologically inert, Niobium and Titanium are used very often in jewelry and in medical devices.
* Niobium and Titanium in their pure metal form are extremely hypoallergenic and people that can't even wear gold can usually wear niobium and titanium.
* Along with Titanium and Tantalum, Niobium can also be electricaly and heat anodized to a wide array of colors. This makes it very attractive for use in jewelry and body piercings.

Niobium becomes a superconductor when lowered to cryogenic temperatures. At atmospheric pressure, it has the highest critical temperature of the elemental superconductors, 9.3 K. In addition, it is one of the three elemental superconductors that are Type II (the others being vanadium and technetium), meaning it remains a superconductor when subjected to high magnetic fields. Niobium-tin and niobium-titanium alloys are used as wires for superconducting magnets capable of producing exceedingly strong magnetic fields.

Niobium (Greek mythology: Niobe, daughter of Tantalus) was discovered by Charles Hatchett in 1801. Hatchett found niobium in columbite ore that was sent to England in the 1750s by John Winthrop, the first governor of Connecticut. There was a considerable amount of confusion about the difference between the closely-related niobium and tantalum that wasn't resolved until 1846 by Heinrich Rose and Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac, who rediscovered the element. Since Rose was unaware of Hatchett's work, he gave the element a different name, niobium. In 1864 Christian Blomstrand was the first to prepare the metal. He did this by reducing niobium chloride by heating it in a hydrogen atmosphere.

Columbium (symbol Cb) was the name originally given to this element by Hatchett, but the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) officially adopted "niobium" as the name for element 41 in 1950 after 100 years of controversy. This was a compromise of sorts; the IUPAC accepted tungsten instead of wolfram, in deference to North American usage; and niobium instead of columbium, in deference to European usage. Not everyone agreed, however, and while many leading chemical societies and government organizations refer to it by the official IUPAC name, many leading metallurgists, metal societies, and most leading American commercial producers still refer to the metal by the original "columbium."

Molybdenum is a chemical element in the periodic table. Its symbol is Mo and its atomic number 42.

Molybdenum is a transition metal. The pure metal is silvery white in color and very hard, and has one of the highest melting points of all pure elements. In small quantities, molybdenum is effective at hardening steel. Molybdenum is important in plant nutrition, and is found in certain enzymes, including xanthine oxidase.

Over 2/3 of all molybdenum is used in alloys. Molybdenum use soared during World War I, when demand for tungsten made tungsten scarce and high-strength steels were at a premium. Molybdenum is used to this day in high-strength alloys and in high-temperature steels. Special molybdenum-containing alloys, such as the Hastelloys®, are notably heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant. Molybdenum is used in aircraft and missile parts, and in filaments. Molybdenum finds use as a catalyst in the petroleum industry, especially in catalysts for removing organic sulfurs from petroleum products. Mo-99 is used in the nuclear isotope industry. Molybdenum oranges are pigments ranging from red-yellow to a bright red orange and used in paints, inks, plastics, and rubber compounds. Molybdenum disulphide is a good lubricant, especially at high temperatures. Molybdenum is also used in some electronic applications, as the conductive metal layers in thin-film transistors (TFTs).

Molybdenum (from the Greek molybdos meaning "lead-like") is not found free in nature, and the compounds that can be found were, until the late 18th century, confused with compounds of other elements, such as carbon or lead. In 1778 Carl Wilhelm Scheele was able to determine that molybdenum was separate from graphite and lead, and isolated the oxide of the metal from molybdenite. In 1782 Hjelm isolated an impure extract of the metal by reducing the oxide with carbon. Molybdenum was little used and remained in the laboratory until the late 19th century. Subsequently, a French company, Schneider and Co, tried molybdenum as an alloying agent in steel armor plate and noted its useful properties.

Technetium is a chemical element that has the symbol Tc and the atomic number 43. Pronounced tek-nee-s(h)ee-um, the chemical properties of this silvery grey, radioactive, crystalline transition metal are intermediate between rhenium and manganese. Its short-lived isotope Tc-99m is used in nuclear medicine for a wide variety of diagnostic tests. Tc-99 is used as a gamma ray-free source of beta particles, and its pertechnetate ion (TcO4-) could find use as a corrosion preventer for steel (this possible use is hindered by technetium's radioactivity).

Dmitri Mendeleev predicted many of the properties of element 43, which he called ekamanganese, well before its actual discovery. In 1937 its isotope Tc-97 became the first element to be artificially produced, hence its name (from the Greek τεχνητος, meaning "artificial"). Most technetium produced on Earth is a by-product of fission of uranium-235 in nuclear reactors and is extracted from nuclear fuel rods. No isotope of technetium has a half-life longer than 4.2 million years (Tc-98), so its detection in red giants in 1952 helped bolster the theory that stars can produce heavier elements. On earth, technetium occurs naturally only in uranium ores as a product of spontaneous fission; the quantities are minute but have been measured.

Technetium is a silvery-grey radioactive metal with an appearance similar to platinum. However, it is commonly obtained as a grey powder. Its position in the periodic table is between rhenium and manganese and as predicted by the periodic law its properties are intermediate between those two elements. This element is unusual among the lighter elements because it has no stable isotopes and is therefore extremely rare on Earth.

The metal form of technetium slowly tarnishes in moist air. Its oxides are TcO2 and Tc2O7. Under oxidizing conditions technetium (VII) will exist as the pertechnetate ion, TcO4-. Common oxidation states of technetium include 0, +2, +4, +5, +6 and +7. When in powder form technetium will burn in oxygen. It dissolves in aqua regia, nitric acid, and concentrated sulfuric acid, but it is not soluble in hydrochloric acid. It has characteristic spectral lines at 363 nm, 403 nm, 410 nm, 426 nm, 430 nm, and 485 nm.

The metal form is slightly paramagnetic, meaning its magnetic dipoles align with external magnetic fields even though technetium is not normally magnetic. The crystal structure of the metal is hexagonal close-packed. Pure metallic single-crystal technetium becomes a type II superconductor at 7.46 K; irregular crystals and trace impurities raise this temperature to 11.2 K for 99.9% pure technetium powder. Below this temperature technetium has a very high magnetic penetration depth, the largest among the elements apart from niobium.

Ruthenium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ru and atomic number 44. A rare transition metal of the platinum group, ruthenium is found associated with platinum ores and used as a catalyst in some platinum alloys.

A polyvalent hard white metal, ruthenium is a member of the platinum group, has four crystal modifications and does not tarnish at normal temperatures, but does oxidize explosively. Ruthenium dissolves in fused alkalis, is not attacked by acids but is attacked by halogens at high temperatures and by hydroxides. Small amounts of ruthenium can increase the hardness of platinum and palladium. The corrosion resistance of titanium is increased markedly by the addition of a small amount of ruthenium.

This metal can be plated either through electrodeposition or by thermal decomposition methods. One ruthenium-molybdenum alloy has been found to be superconductive at 10.6 K. The oxidation states of ruthenium range from +1 to +8, and -2 is known, though oxidation states of +2, +3, and +4 are most common.

Due to its highly effective ability to harden platinum and palladium, ruthenium is used in Pt and Pd alloys to make severe wear resistance electrical contacts.

* 0.1% ruthenium is added to titanium to improve its corrosion resistance a hundredfold.

Ruthenium is also a versatile catalyst: Hydrogen sulfide can be split by light by using an aqueous suspension of CdS particles loaded with ruthenium dioxide. This may be useful in the removal of H2S from oil refineries and from other industrial processes.

Organometallic ruthenium carbene and allenylidene complexes have recently been found as highly efficient catalysts for olefin metathesis with important applications in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry.

Recently, large metallo-organic complexes of ruthenium have been found to exhibit anti-tumor activity and the first of a new group of anti-cancer medicine are now in the stage of clinical trials.

Some ruthenium complexes absorb light throughout the visible spectrum and are being actively researched in various, potential, solar energy technologies.

Ruthenium (Latin Ruthenia meaning "Russia") was discovered and isolated by Karl Klaus in 1844. Klaus showed that ruthenium oxide contained a new metal and obtained 6 grams of ruthenium from the part of crude platinum that is insoluble in aqua regia.

Jöns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann nearly discovered ruthenium in 1827. The men examined residues that were left after dissolving crude platinum from the Ural Mountains in aqua regia. Berzelius did not find any unusual metals, but Osann thought he found three new metals and named one of them ruthenium.

It is also possible that Polish chemist Jedrzej Sniadecki isolated element 44 (which he called vestium) from platinum ores in 1807. However his work was never confirmed and he later withdrew his discovery claim.

Rhodium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Rh and atomic number 45. A rare silvery-white hard transition metal, rhodium is a member of the platinum group, is found in platinum ores and is used in alloys with platinum and as a catalyst.

Rhodium is a hard silvery white and durable metal that has a high reflectance. If slowly cooled from a red hot state it changes in air to the sesquioxide, which at higher temperatures converts back to the metal. Rhodium has both a higher melting point and lower density than platinum. It is not attacked by acids and only dissolves in aqua regia.

The primary use of this element is as an alloying agent for hardening platinum and palladium. These alloys are used in furnace windings, bushings for glass fiber production, thermocouple elements, electrodes for aircraft spark plugs, and laboratory crucibles. Other uses;

* It is used as an electrical contact material due to its low electrical resistance, low and stable contact resistance, and its high corrosion resistance.
* Plated rhodium, made by electroplating or evaporation, is extremely hard and is used for optical instruments.
* This metal finds use in jewelry and for decorations.
* It is also a highly useful catalyst in a number of industrial processes (notably it is used in the catalytic system of automobile catalytic converters and for catalytic carbonylation of methanol to produce acetic acid by the Monsanto process).

Rhodium (Greek rhodon meaning "rose") was discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston soon after his discovery of palladium. Wollaston made this discovery in England using crude platinum ore that he presumably obtained from South America.

His procedure involved dissolving the ore in aqua regia, neutralizing the acid with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). He then precipitated the platinum metal by adding ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, as ammonium chloroplatinate. The element palladium was removed as palladium cyanide after treating the solution with mercuric cyanide. The material that remained was a red rhodium(III) chloride: rhodium metal was isolated via reduction with hydrogen gas.

Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46. A rare silver-white transition metal of the platinum group, palladium resembles platinum chemically and is extracted from some copper and nickel ores. It is primarily used as an industrial catalyst and in jewelry.

Palladium is a soft steel-white metal that resembles platinum, doesn't tarnish in air, and is the least dense and has the lowest melting point of the platinum group metals. It is soft and ductile when annealed and greatly increases its strength and hardness when it is cold-worked. Palladium is chemically attacked by sulfuric and nitric acid but dissolves slowly in hydrochloric acid. This metal also does not react with oxygen at normal temperatures.

This metal has the uncommon ability to absorb up to 900 times its own volume of hydrogen at room temperatures. It is thought that this possibly forms palladium hydride - Pd2H - but it is not yet clear if this is a true chemical compound.

Common oxidation states of palladium are +2, +3 and +4. Recently, palladium compounds in which palladium has oxidation state +6 were synthesized.

When it is finely divided, palladium forms a good catalyst and is used to speed up hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions, as well as in petroleum cracking. It is also alloyed and used in jewelry. Other uses;

* White gold is an alloy of gold that is decolorized by the addition of palladium.
* Similar to gold, palladium can be beaten into a thin leaf form as thin as 100 nm (1/250,000 in).
* Hydrogen easily diffuses through heated palladium; thus, it provides a means of purifying the gas.
* Telecommunications switching-system equipment uses palladium.
* Palladium is also used in dentistry, watch making, in aircraft spark plugs and in the production of surgical instruments and electrical contacts.
* It is also used as Palladium-Hydrogen electrode in electrochemical studies.

Palladium was discovered by William Hyde Wollaston in 1803. This element was named by Wollaston in 1804 after the asteroid Pallas, which was discovered two years earlier.

Wollaston found element 46 in crude platinum ore from South America. He did this by dissolving the ore in aqua regia, neutralizing the solution with sodium hydroxide, NaOH, precipitating platinum as ammonium chloroplatinate through treatment with ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, and then adding mercuric cyanide to form the compound palladium cyanide. Finally, he heated the resulting compound in order to extract palladium metal.

The compound palladium chloride was at one time prescribed as a tuberculosis treatment at the rate of 0.065g per day (approximately one milligram per kilogram of body weight). This treatment did not have many negative side effects, but was later replaced by more effective drugs.

The element played an essential role in the Fleischmann-Pons experiment, also known as cold fusion.

In 2000, Ford Motor Company created a price bubble in palladium by stockpiling large amounts of the metal, fearing interrupted supplies from Russia. As prices fell in early 2001, Ford lost nearly $1 billion U.S. dollars.

Silver is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ag (from the traditional abbreviation for the Latin Argentum) and atomic number 47. A soft white lustrous transition metal, silver has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal and occurs in minerals and in free form. This metal is used in coins, jewelry, tableware, and photography.

Silver is a very ductile and malleable (slightly harder than gold) univalent coinage metal with a brilliant white metallic luster that can take a high degree of polish. It has the highest electrical conductivity of all metals, even higher than copper, but its greater cost has prevented it from being widely used in place of copper for electrical purposes.

Pure silver also has the highest thermal conductivity, whitest color, the highest optical reflectivity (although it is a poor reflector of ultraviolet), and the lowest contact resistance of any metal. Silver halides are photosensitive and are remarkable for the effect of light upon them. This metal is stable in pure air and water, but does tarnish when it is exposed to ozone, hydrogen sulfide, or air with sulfur in it. The most common oxidation state of silver is +1; a few +2 compounds are known as well.

The principal use of silver is as a precious metal and its halide salts, especially silver nitrate, are also widely used in photography (which is the largest single end use of silver). Some other uses for silver are as follows:

* Electrical and electronic products, which need silver's superior conductivity, even when tarnished. For example, printed circuits are made using silver paints, and computer keyboards use silver electrical contacts. Silver is also used in high voltage contacts because it is the only metal that will not arc across contacts, hence it is extremely safe.
* Mirrors which need silver's superior reflectivity for visible light are made with silver as the reflecting material in a process called silvering. Common mirrors are backed with aluminium.
* Silver has been coined to produce money since 700 BC by the Lydians, in the form of electrum. Later, silver was refined and coined in its pure form. The words for "silver" and "money" are the same in at least 14 languages.
* The metal is chosen for its beauty in the manufacture of jewelry and silverware, which are traditionally made from the silver alloy known as Sterling silver, which is 92.5% silver.
* The malleability, non-toxicity and beauty of silver make it useful in dental alloys for fittings and fillings.
* Silver's catalytic properties make it ideal for use as a catalyst in oxidation reactions; for example, the production of formaldehyde from methanol and air by means of silver screens or crystallites containing a minimum 99.95 weight-percent silver.
* Used to make solder and brazing alloys, electrical contacts, and high capacity silver-zinc and silver-cadmium batteries.
* Silver sulfide, also known as Silver Whiskers, is formed when silver electrical contacts are used in an atmosphere rich in hydrogen sulfide.
* Silver fulminate is a powerful explosive.
* Silver chloride can be made transparent and is used as a cement for glass.
* Silver iodide has been used in attempts to seed clouds to produce rain.
* In legend, silver is traditionally seen as harmful to supernatural creatures like werewolves and vampires. The use of silver fashioned into bullets for firearms is a popular application.
* Silver oxide is used as a positive electrode (cathode) in watch batteries.
* Colloidal silver is an effective antibacterial / antibiotic. It is applied to some bandage materials.

Silver (from Anglo-Saxon seolfor, compare Old High German silabar; Ag is from the Latin argentum) has been known since ancient times. It is mentioned in the book of Genesis, and slag heaps found in Asia Minor and on the islands of the Aegean Sea indicate that silver was being separated from lead as early as the 4th millennium BC.

Silver has been used for thousands of years for ornaments and utensils, for trade, and as the basis for many monetary systems. Its value as a precious metal was long considered second only to gold. In Ancient Egypt and Medieval Europe, it was often more valuable than gold.

Associated with the moon, as well as with the sea and various lunar goddesses, the metal was referred to by alchemists by the name luna.

The metal mercury was thought of as a kind of silver, though the two elements are chemically unrelated; its Latin and English names, hydrargyrum ("watery silver") and quicksilver, respectively, reflect this history.

In heraldry, the argent, in addition to being shown as silver (this has been shown at times with real silver in official representations), can also been shown as white. Occasionally, the word "silver" is used rather than argent; sometimes this is done across-the-board, sometimes to avoid repetition of the word "argent" in blazon.

Europeans found a huge amount of silver in the New World in Zacatecas and Potosí, which triggered a period of inflation in Europe. The conquistador Pizarro was said to have resorted to having his horses shod with silver horseshoes due to the metal's abundance, in contrast to the relative lack of iron in Peru.

The Rio de la Plata was named after silver (in Spanish, plata), and in turn lent the meaning of its name to Argentina.

Cadmium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. A relatively rare, soft, bluish-white, toxic transition metal, cadmium occurs with zinc ores and is used largely in batteries.

Cadmium is a soft, malleable, ductile, bluish-white bivalent metal which can be easily cut with a knife. It is similar in many respects to zinc but lends itself to more complex compounds.

The most common oxidation state of cadmium is +2, though rare examples of +1 can be found.

About three-fourths of cadmium is used in batteries (especially Ni-Cd batteries) and most of the remaining one-fourth is used mainly for pigments, coatings and plating, and as stabilizers for plastics. Other uses;

* Used in some of the lowest melting alloys.
* Due to a low coefficient of friction and very good fatigue resistance, it is used in bearing alloys.
* 6% of cadmium finds use in electroplating.
* Many kinds of solder contain this metal.
* As a barrier to control nuclear fission.
* Compounds containing cadmium are used in black and white television phosphors and also in the blue and green phosphors for color television picture tubes.
* Cadmium forms various salts, with cadmium sulfide being the most common. This sulfide is used as a yellow pigment.
* Used in some semiconductors such as cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, and cadmium telluride, which can be used for light detection or solar cells. HgCdTe is sensitive to infrared.
* Some cadmium compounds are employed in PVC as stabilizers.
* Used in the first neutrino detector.

Cadmium (Latin cadmia, Greek kadmeia meaning "calamine") was discovered in Germany in 1817 by Friedrich Strohmeyer. Strohmeyer found the new element within an impurity in zinc carbonate (calamine) and for 100 years Germany remained the only important producer of the metal. The metal was named after the Latin word for calamine since the metal was found in this zinc compound. Strohmeyer noted that some impure samples of calamine changed color when heated but pure calamine did not.

Even though cadmium and its compounds are highly toxic, the British Pharmaceutical Codex from 1907 states that cadmium iodide was used as a medicine to treat "enlarged joints, scrofulous glands, and chilblains".

In 1927, the International Conference on Weights and Measures redefined the meter in terms of a red cadmium spectral line (1m = 1,553,164.13 wavelengths). This definition has since been changed (see krypton).

Indium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol In and atomic number 49. This rare, soft, malleable and easily fusible poor metal, is chemically similar to aluminium or gallium but looks more like zinc (zinc ores are also the primary source of this metal). Its current primary application is to form transparent electrodes from Indium tin oxide in liquid crystal displays. It is also widely used in thin-films to form lubricated layers (during World War II it was widely used to coat bearings in high-performance aircraft).

Indium is a very soft, silvery-white true metal that has a bright luster. As a pure metal indium emits a high-pitched "cry" when it is bent. Both gallium and indium are able to wet glass.

One unusual property of indium is that its most common isotope is very slightly radioactive; it very slowly decays by beta emission to tin over time. This radioactivity is not considered hazardous, mainly because its decay rate is nearly 50,000 times slower than that of natural thorium, with a half-life, 4 x 1014 years, many thousands of times longer than the estimated age of the universe. Also, indium is not a notorious cumulative poison, like its neighbor cadmium, and is relatively rare.

The first large-scale application for indium was as a coating for bearings in high-performance aircraft engines during World War II. Afterwards, production gradually increased as new uses were found in fusible alloys, solders, and electronics. In the middle and late 1980s, the development of indium phosphide semiconductors and indium-tin-oxide thin films for liquid crystal displays (LCD) aroused much interest. By 1992, the thin-film application had become the largest end use. Other uses;

* Used in the manufacture of low-melting alloys. An alloy consisting of 24% indium and 76% gallium is liquid at room temperature.
* Used in semiconductors, both as a primary component and as a dopant.
* Can also be plated onto metals and evaporated onto glass which forms a mirror which is as good as those made with silver but has higher corrosion resistance.
* Its oxide is used in the making of electroluminescent panels.
* Used as a light filter in Low pressure sodium vapor lamps
* Indium's freezing point of 429.7485 K (156.5985 °C) is a defining fixed point on the international temperature scale ITS-90.
* Sometimes used as a component of nuclear control rods.

Indium (named after the indigo line in its atomic spectrum) was discovered by Ferdinand Reich and Theodor Richter in 1863 while they were testing zinc ores with a spectrograph in search of thallium. Richter went on to isolate the metal in 1867.

Tin is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Sn (L. Stannum) and atomic number 50. This silvery, malleable poor metal that is not easily oxidized in air and resists corrosion is found in many alloys and is used to coat other metals to prevent corrosion. Tin is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite where it occurs as an oxide.

Tin is a malleable, ductile, highly crystalline, silvery-white metal whose crystal structure causes a "tin cry" when a bar of tin is bent (caused by crystals breaking). This metal resists corrosion from distilled sea and soft tap water, but can be attacked by strong acids, alkalis, and by acid salts. Tin acts as a catalyst when oxygen is in solution and helps accelerate chemical attack.

Tin forms Sn2 when it is heated in the presence of air. Sn2, in turn, is feebly acidic and forms stannate (tin) salts with basic oxides. Tin can be highly polished and is used as a protective coat for other metals in order to prevent corrosion or other chemical action. This metal combines directly with chlorine and oxygen and displaces hydrogen from dilute acids. Tin is malleable at ordinary temperatures but is brittle when it is heated.

Solid tin has two allotropes at normal pressure. At low temperatures it exists as gray or alpha tin, which has a cubic crystal structure similar to silicon and germanium. When warmed above that 13.2 °C it changes into white or beta tin, which is metallic and has a tetragonal structure. It slowly changes back to the gray form when cooled, which is called the tin pest or tin disease. However, this transformation is affected by impurities such as aluminium and zinc and can be prevented from occurring through the addition of antimony or bismuth.

Tin bonds readily to iron, and has been used for coating lead or zinc and steel to prevent corrosion. Tin-plated steel containers are widely used for food preservation, and this forms a large part of the market for metallic tin. British English calls them "tins"; Americans call them "cans". One thus-derived use of the slang term "tinnie" or "tinny" means "can of beer".

Other uses:

* Some important tin alloys are: bronze, bell metal, Babbitt metal, die casting alloy, pewter, phosphor bronze, soft solder, and White metal.
* The most important salt formed is tin chloride, which has found use as a reducing agent and as a mordant in the calico printing process. Electrically conductive coatings are produced when tin salts are sprayed onto glass. These coatings have been used in panel lighting and in the production of frost-free windshields.
* Window glass is most often made via floating molten glass on top of molten tin (creating float glass) in order to make a flat surface (this is called the "Pilkington process").
* Tin is also used in solders for joining pipes or electrical/electronic circuits, in bearing alloys, in glass-making, and in a wide range of tin chemical applications. Although of higher melting point than a lead-tin alloy the use of pure tin or tin alloyed with other metals in these applications is rapidly supplanting the use of the previously common lead–containing alloys in order to eliminate the problems of toxicity caused by lead.
* Tin foil was once a common wrapping material for foods and drugs; now replaced by the use of aluminium foil, which is commonly referred to as tin foil. Hence one use of the slang term "tinnie" or "tinny" for a small retail package of a drug such as cannabis or for a can of beer.

Tin becomes a superconductor below 3.72 K. In fact, tin was one of the first superconductors to be studied; the Meissner effect, one of the characteristic features of superconductors, was first discovered in superconducting tin crystals. The niobium-tin compound Nb3Sn is commercially used as wires for superconducting magnets, due to the material's high critical temperature (18 K) and critical magnetic field (25 T). A superconducting magnet weighing only a couple of kilograms is capable of producing magnetic fields comparable to a conventional electromagnet weighing tons.

Tin (anglo-Saxon, tin, Latin stannum) is one of the earliest metals known and was used as a component of bronze from antiquity. Because of its hardening effect on copper, tin was used in bronze implements as early as 3,500 BC. Tin mining is believed to have started in Cornwall and Devon ( esp Dartmoor) in Classical times, and a thriving tin trade developed with the civilizations of the Mediterranean. However the pure metal was not used until about 600 BC.

The word "tin" has cognates in many Germanic and Celtic languages. The American Heritage Dictionary speculates that the word was borrowed from a pre-Indo-European language.

In modern times, the word "tin" is often (improperly) used as a generic phrase for any silvery metal that comes in thin sheets. Most everyday objects that are commonly called tin, such as aluminium foil, beverage cans, and tin cans, are actually made of steel or aluminium, although tin cans do contain a small coating of tin to inhibit rust. Likewise, so-called "tin toys" are usually made of steel, and may or may not have a small coating of tin to inhibit rust.

Antimony is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Sb (L. Stibium) and atomic number 51. A metalloid, antimony has four allotropic forms. The stable form of antimony is a blue-white metal. Yellow and black antimony are unstable non-metals. Antimony is used in flame-proofing, paints, ceramics, enamels, a wide variety of alloys, electronics, and rubber.

Antimony in its elemental form is a silvery white, brittle, fusible, crystalline solid that exhibits poor electrical and heat conductivity properties and vaporizes at low temperatures. A metalloid, antimony resembles metal in its appearance and physical properties, but does not chemically react as a metal. It is also attacked by oxidizing acids and halogens. Antimony and some of its alloys expand on cooling.

Estimates of the abundance of antimony in the Earth's crust range from 0.2 to 0.5 ppm. Antimony is chalcophile, occurring with sulfur and the heavy metals lead, copper, and silver.

Antimony is increasingly being used in the semiconductor industry in the production of diodes, infrared detectors, and Hall-effect devices. As an alloy, this semi-metal greatly increases lead's hardness and mechanical strength. The most important use of antimony metal is as a hardener in lead for storage batteries. Other uses;

* Batteries,
* antifriction alloys,
* type metal,
* small arms and tracer bullets,
* cable sheathing
* matches
* medicines
* plumbing ("lead-free" solder contains 5% Sb)
* main and big-end bearings in internal combustion engines (as alloy).

Antimony compounds in the form of oxides, sulfides, sodium antimonate, and antimony trichloride are used in the making of flame-proofing compounds, ceramic enamels, glass, paints, and pottery. Antimony trioxide is the most important of the antimony compounds and is primarily used in flame-retardant formulations. These flame-retardant applications include such markets as children's clothing, toys, aircraft and automobile seat covers. Also, antimony sulfide is one of the ingredients to the modern match.

Antimony was recognized in antiquity (3000 BC or earlier) in various compounds, and it was prized for its fine casting qualities. It was first reported scientifically by Tholden in 1450, and was known to be a metal by the beginning of the 17th century. The origin of the name "antimony" is not clear; the term may come from the Greek words "anti" and "monos", which approximately means "opposed to solitude" as it was thought never to exist in its pure form, or from the Arabian expression "Antos Ammon", which could be translated as "bloom of the god Ammon".

The natural sulfide of antimony, stibnite, was known and used in Biblical times as medicine and as a cosmetic. Stibnite is still used in some developing countries as medicine. Antimony has been used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. Antimony attaches itself to sulfur atoms in certain enzymes which are used both by the parasite and human host. Small doses can kill the parasite without causing damage to the patient.

The relationship between antimony's modern name and its symbol is complex; the Coptic name for the cosmetic powder antimony sulfide was borrowed by the Greeks, which was in turn borrowed by Latin, resulting in stibium. The chemical pioneer Jöns Jakob Berzelius used an abbreviation of this name for antimony in his writings, and his usage became the standard symbol.

Antimony is also the first element in Tom Lehrer's "The Elements".

Tellurium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Te and atomic number 52. A brittle silver-white metalloid which looks like tin, tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur. This element is primarily used in alloys and as a semiconductor.

Tellurium is a relatively rare element, in the same chemical family as oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and polonium (the chalcogens).

When crystalline, tellurium is silvery-white and when it is in its pure state it has a metallic luster. This is a brittle and easily pulverized metalloid. Amorphous tellurium is found by precipitating it from a solution of tellurous or telluric acid (Te(OH)6). However, there is some debate whether this form is really amorphous or made of minute crystals. Tellurium is a p-type semiconductor that shows a greater conductivity in certain directions which depends on atomic alignment.

Chemically related to selenium and sulfur, the conductivity of this element increases slightly when exposed to light. It can be doped with copper, gold, silver, tin, or other metals. Tellurium has a greenish-blue flame when burned in normal air and forms tellurium dioxide as a result. When in its molten state, tellurium is corrosive to copper, iron, and stainless steel.

It is mostly used in alloys with other metals. It is added to lead to improve its strength, durability and to decreases the corrosive action of sulfuric acid. When added to stainless steel and copper it makes these metals more workable. Other uses:

* It is alloyed into cast iron for chill control.
* Used in ceramics.
* It is used in chalcogenide glasses.
* Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) has found use in thermoelectric devices.

Tellurium is also used in blasting caps, and has potential applications in cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar panels. Some of the highest efficiencies for solar cell electric power generation have been obtained by using this material, but this application has not yet caused demand to increase significantly. If some of the cadmium in CdTe is replaced by zinc then CdZnTe is formed which is used in solid-state x-ray detectors.

Alloyed with both cadmium and mercury, to form mercury cadmium telluride, an infrared sensitive semiconductor material is formed.

Organic tellurides have been employed as initiators for living radical polymerisation and electron-rich mono- and di-tellurides possess antioxidant activity.

Tellurium (Latin tellus meaning "earth") was discovered in 1782 by the Hungarian Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein (Müller Ferenc) in Transylvania. In 1798 it was named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth who earlier isolated it.

The 1960s brought growth in thermoelectric applications for tellurium, as well as its use in free-machining steel, which became the dominant use.

Iodine (from the Gr. Iodes, meaning "violet"), is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol I and atomic number 53. This is an insoluble element that is required as a trace element for living organisms. Chemically, iodine is the least reactive of the halogens, and the most electropositive metallic halogen. Iodine is primarily used in medicine, photography and in dyes.

Iodine is a bluish-black, lustrous solid that sublimes at standard temperatures into a blue-violet gas that has an irritating odor. This halogen also forms compounds with many elements, but is less active than the other member of its series and has some metallic-like properties. Iodine dissolves easily in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, or carbon disulfide to form purple solutions (It is only slightly soluble in water). The deep blue color with starch solution is characteristic of the free element.

In areas where there is little iodine in the diet—typically remote inland areas and semi-arid equatorial climates where no marine foods are eaten—iodine deficiency gives rise to goitre, so called endemic goitre. In some such areas, this is now combated by the addition of small amounts of iodine to table salt in form of sodium iodide, potassium iodide, potassium iodate—this product is known as iodized salt. Iodine deficiency is the leading cause of mental retardation. Iodine deficency remains a serious problem that effects people around the globe. Other uses:

* One of the halogens, it is an essential trace element; the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodotyronine contain iodine.
* Tincture of iodine (3% elemental iodine in water/ethanol base) is an essential component of any emergency survival kit, used both to disinfect wounds and to sanitize surface water for drinking (3 drops per liter, let stand for 30 minutes)
* Iodine compounds are important in the field of organic chemistry and are very useful in medicine.
* Iodides and thyroxine which contains iodine, are both used in internal medicine and, in combination with alcohol (as tincture of iodine) are used externally to disinfect wounds
* Silver iodide is used in photography
* Potassium iodide (KI) tablets can be given to people in a nuclear disaster area. KI prevents the body from absorbing the radioactive iodine and caesium (chemically related to potassium) produced at the disaster area; by flushing the body with an excess of a related less-harmful chemical, the body removes the toxic chemical along with the antidote.
* Tungsten iodide is used to stabilize the filaments in light bulbs
* Nitrogen triiodide is an explosive, too unstable to be used commercially, but is commonly used in college pranks
* Iodine-131 is used as a tracer in medicine

Iodine (Gr. iodes meaning violet) was discovered by Barnard Courtois in 1811. He was the son of a manufacturer of saltpeter (potassium nitrate, a vital part of gunpowder). At the time France was at war and gunpowder was in great demand. Saltpeter was isolated from seaweed washed up on the coasts of Normandy and Brittany. To isolate the potassium nitrate, seaweed was burned and the ash then washed with water. The remaining waste was destroyed by adding sulfuric acid. One day Curtois added too much sulfuric acid and cloud of purple vapor rose. Curtois noted that the vapor crystallized on cold surfaces making dark crystals. Curtois suspected that this was a new element but lacked the money to pursue his observations.

However he gave samples to his friends, Charles Bernard Desormes (1777-1862) and Nicolas Clément (1779-1841) to continue research. He also gave some of the substance to Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778–1850), a well-known chemist at that time, and to André-Marie Ampère (1775-1836). On November 29, 1813 Dersormes and Clément made public Curtois’ discovery. They described the substance to a meeting of the Imperial Institute of France. On December 6 Gay-Lussac announced that the new substance was either an element or a compound of oxygen. Ampère had given some of his sample to Humphry Davy (1778-1829). Davy did some experiments on the substance and noted its similarity to chlorine. Davy sent a letter dated December 10 to the Royal Society of London stating that he had identified a new element. A large argument erupted between Davy and Gay-Lussac over who identified iodine first but both scientists acknowledged Bernard Curtois as the first to isolate the element.

Xenon is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Xe and atomic number 54. A colorless, very heavy, odorless noble gas, xenon occurs in the earth's atmosphere in trace amounts and was part of the first noble gas compound synthesized.

Xenon is a member of the zero-valence elements that are called noble or inert gases. The word "inert" is no longer used to describe this chemical series since some zero valence elements do form compounds. In a gas filled tube, xenon emits a blue glow when the gas is excited by electrical discharge. Using tens of gigapascals of pressure, metallic xenon has been made. Xenon can also form clathrates with water when atoms of it are trapped in a lattice of the water molecules.

This gas is most widely and most famously used in light-emitting devices called Xenon flash lamps, which are used in photographic flashes, stroboscopic lamps, to excite the active medium in lasers which then generate coherent light, in bactericidal lamps (rarely), and in certain dermatological uses. Continuous, short-arc, high pressure Xenon arc lamps have a color temperature closely approximating noon sunlight and are used in solar simulators, some projection systems, and other specialized uses. They are an excellent source of short wavelength ultraviolet light and they have intense emissions in the near infrared, which are used in some night vision systems. Other uses of Xenon:

* Used as a general anaesthetic.
* In nuclear energy applications it is used in bubble chambers, probes, and in other areas where a high molecular weight and inert nature is a desirable quality.
* Perxenates are used as oxidizing agents in analytical chemistry.
* The isotope Xe-133 is useful as a radioisotope.
* Hyperpolarized MRI of the lungs and other tissues using 129Xe.
* Preferred fuel for Ion propulsion because of high molecular weight, ease of ionization, store as a liquid at near room temperature (but at high pressure) yet easily converts back into a gas to fuel the engine, inert nature makes it environmentally friendly and less corrosive to ion engine then other fuels such a mercury or cesium. However, there is an emerging controversy over its possible future widespread use in the aerospace industry, as it is permanently lost to space, further decreasing the limited supply in the Earth's atmosphere.

Xenon (Greek xenon meaning "stranger") was discovered in England by William Ramsay and Morris Travers in 1898 in the residue left over from evaporating components of liquid air.

Caesium (cesium in the USA) is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft silvery-gold alkali metal which is one of at least three metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. This element is most notably used in atomic clocks.

The variant spelling cesium is sometimes used, especially in North American English, but caesium is the spelling used by the IUPAC, although since 1993 it has recognized cesium as a variant as well.

Caesium is most notably used in atomic clocks, which are accurate to seconds in many thousands of years. Since 1967, the International System of Measurements bases its unit of time, the second, on the properties of caesium. SI defines the second as 9,192,631,770 cycles of the radiation which corresponds to the transition between two energy levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom.

* Cs-134 has been used in hydrology as a measure of caesium output by the nuclear power industry. This isotope is used because, while it is less prevalent than either Cs-133 or Cs-137, Cs-134 can be produced solely by nuclear reactions. Cs-135 has also been used in this function.
* Like other group 1 elements, caesium has a great affinity for oxygen and is used as a "getter" in vacuum tubes.
* This metal is also used in photoelectric cells.
* In addition, caesium is used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of certain organic compounds.
* Isotopes (radioactive) of caesium are used in the medical field to treat certain types of cancer.
* caesium fluoride is widely used in organic chemistry as a base and as a source of anhydrous fluoride ion.
* Caesium vapor is used in many common magnetometers.
* Because of their high density, Caesium chloride solutions are commonly used in molecular biology for density gradient ultracentrifugation, primarily for the isolation of nucleic acids from biological samples.

More recently this metal has been used in ion propulsion systems.

Caesium (Latin caesius meaning "sky blue") was spectroscopically discovered by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff in 1860 in mineral water from Dürkheim, Germany. Its identification was based upon the bright blue lines in its spectrum and it was the first element discovered by spectrum analysis. The first caesium metal was produced in 1881. Historically, the most important use for caesium has been in research and development, primarily in chemical and electrical applications.

Barium is a toxic chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ba and atomic number 56. A soft silvery metallic element, barium is an alkaline earth metal and melts at a very high temperature. Its oxide is called baryta and it is primarily found in the mineral barite but is never found in its pure form due to its reactivity with air. Compounds of this metal are used in small quantities in paints and in glassmaking.

Barium is a metallic element that is chemically similar to calcium, yet is soft and in its pure form is silvery white resembling lead. This metal oxidizes very easily when exposed to air and is highly reactive with water or alcohol. Barium is decomposed by water or alcohol. Some of the compounds of this element are remarkable for their high specific gravity, as is its sulfate: barite Ba(SO4) also called heavy spar.

Barium is primarily used in sparkplugs, vacuum tubes, fireworks, and in fluorescent lamps. Also:

* A "getter" in vacuum tubes.
* Barium sulfate is permanent white and is used in paint, in X-ray diagnostic work, and in glassmaking.
* Barite is used extensively as a weighing agent in oil well drilling fluids and in rubber production.
* Barium carbonate is a useful rat poison and can also be used in making glass and bricks, while barium nitrate and chlorate give green colors in fireworks.
* Impure barium sulfide phosphoresces after exposure to the light.
* Barium salts, especially barium sulfate, are sometimes given orally (a barium meal) or as an enema, to increase the contrast of medical X-rays of the digestive system.
* Lithopone, a pigment that contains barium sulfate and zinc sulfide, has good covering power, and does not darken in when exposed to sulfides.

Barium (Greek "barys" meaning "heavy") was first identified in 1774 by Carl Scheele and extracted in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy in England. The oxide was at first called barote, by Guyton de Morveau, which was changed by Antoine Lavoisier to baryta, which soon was modified to "barium" to describe the metal.

Lanthanum is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol La and atomic number 57.

Lanthanum is a silvery white metallic element belonging to group 3 of the periodic table and often considered to be one of the lanthanides. Found in some rare-earth minerals, usually in combination with cerium and other rare earth elements. Lanthanum is malleable, ductile, and soft enough to be cut with a knife. It is one of the most reactive of the rare-earth metals. The metal reacts directly with elemental carbon, nitrogen, boron, selenium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and with halogens. It oxidizes rapidly when exposed to air. Cold water attacks lanthanum slowly, while hot water attacks it much more rapidly.

Uses of lanthanum:

* Carbon lighting applications, especially by the motion picture industry for studio lighting and projection.
* La2O3 improves the alkali resistance of glass, and is used in making special optical glasses, such as:
o Infrared absorbing glass.
o Camera and telescope lenses, because of the high refractive index and low dispersion of rare-earth glasses.
* Small amounts of lanthanum added to steel improves its malleability, resistance to impact and ductility.
* Small amounts of lanthanum added to iron helps to produce nodular cast iron.
* Small amounts of lanthanum added to molybdenum decreases the hardness of this metal and its sensitivity to temperature variations.
* Mischmetal, a pyrophoric alloy used e.g. in lighter flints, contains 25% to 45% lanthanum.
* The oxide and the boride are used in electronic vacuum tubes.
* Hydrogen sponge alloys can contain lanthanum. These alloys are capable of storing up to 400 times their own volume of hydrogen gas in a reversible adsorption process.
* Petroleum cracking catalysts.
* Gas lantern mantles.
* Glass and lapidary polishing compound.
* La-Ba age dating of rocks and ores.
* Lanthanum Nitrate is mainly applied in specialty glass, water treatment and catalyst.

Lanthanum was discovered in 1839 by Carl Mosander, when he partially decomposed a sample of cerium nitrate by heating and treating the resulting salt with dilute nitric acid. From the resulting solution, he isolated a new rare earth he called lantana. Lanthanum was isolated in relatively pure form in 1923.

The word lanthanum comes from the Greek lanthanein, to lie hidden.

Cerium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ce and atomic number 58.

Cerium is a silvery metallic element, belonging to the lanthanide group. It is used in some rare-earth alloys. It resembles iron in color and luster, but is soft, and both malleable and ductile. It tarnishes readily in the air.

Only europium is more reactive than cerium among rare earth elements. Alkali solutions and dilute and concentrated acids attack the metal rapidly. The pure metal is likely to ignite if scratched with a knife. Cerium oxidizes slowly in cold water and rapidly in hot water.

Because of the relative closeness of the 4f and outer shell orbitals in cerium, it exhibits an interestingly variable chemistry. For example, compression or cooling of the metal can change its oxidation state from about 3 to 4.

Cerium in the +3 oxidation state is referred to as cerous, while the metal in the +4 oxidation state is called ceric.

Cerium(IV) salts are orange red or yellowish, whereas cerium(III) salts are usually white.

Uses of cerium:

* In metallurgy:
o Cerium is used in making aluminium alloys.
o Adding cerium to cast irons opposes graphitization and produces a malleable iron.
o In steels, cerium degasifies and can help reduce sulfides and oxides.
o Cerium is used in stainless steel as a precipitation hardening agent.
o 3 to 4% cerium added to magnesium alloys, along with 0.2 to 0.6% zirconium, helps refine the grain and give sound casting of complex shapes. It also adds heat resistance to magnesium castings.
o Cerium is used in alloys that are used to make permanent magnets.
o Cerium is a major component of ferrocerium, also known as "lighter flint". Although modern alloys of this type generally use Mischmetal rather than purified cerium, it still is the most prevalent constituent.
o Cerium is used in carbon-arc lighting, especially in the motion picture industry.
* Cerium(IV) oxide
o The oxide is used in incandescent gas mantles, such as the Welsbach mantle, where it was combined with Thorium, Lanthanum, Magnesium or Yttrium oxides .
o The oxide is emerging as a hydrocarbon catalyst in self cleaning ovens, incorporated into oven walls.
o Cerium(IV) oxide has largely replaced Rouge in the glass industry as a polishing abrasive.
o Cerium(IV) oxide is finding use as a petroleum cracking catalyst in petroleum refining.
o In glass, cerium(IV) oxide allows for selective absorption of ultraviolet light.
* Cerium(IV) sulfate is used extensively as a volumetric oxidizing agent in quantitative analysis.
* Cerium compounds are used in the manufacture of glass, both as a component and as a decolorizer.
* Cerium compounds are used for the coloring of enamel.
* Cerium(III) and cerium(IV) compounds such as cerium(III) chloride have uses as catalysts in organic synthesis.

Cerium was discovered in Sweden by Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Wilhelm von Hisinger, and independently in Germany by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, both in 1803. Cerium was so named by Berzelius after the asteroid Ceres, discovered two years earlier (1801).

Praseodymium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Pr and atomic number 59.

Praseodymium is a soft silvery metallic element, and belongs to the lanthanide group. It is somewhat more resistant to corrosion in air than europium, lanthanum, cerium, or neodymium, but it does develop a green oxide coating that spalls off when exposed to air, exposing more metal to oxidation. For this reason, praseodymium should be stored under a light mineral oil or sealed in plastic or glass.

Uses of praseodymium:

* As an alloying agent with magnesium to create high-strength metals that are used in aircraft engines.
* Praseodymium forms the core of carbon arc lights which are used in the motion picture industry for studio lighting and projector lights.
* Praseodymium compounds are used to give glasses and enamels a yellow color.
* Praseodymium is a component of didymium glass, which is used to make certain types of welder's and glass blower's goggles.

The name Praseodymium comes from the Greek prasios, meaning green, and didymos, or twin.

In 1841, Mosander extracted the rare earth didymium from lanthana. In 1874, Per Teodor Cleve concluded that didymium was in fact two elements, and in 1879, Lecoq de Boisbaudran isolated a new earth, Samarium, from didymium obtained from the mineral samarskite. In 1885, the Austrian chemist baron Carl Auer von Welsbach separated didymium into two elements, Praseodymium and Neodymium, which gave salts of different colors.

Praseodymium is found in the rare earth minerals monazite and bastnasite, and can be recovered from bastnasite or monazite by an ion exchange process. Praseodymium also makes up about 5% of Misch metal.

Neodymium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Nd and atomic number 60.

Neodymium, a rare earth metal, is present in misch metal to the extent of about 18%. The metal has a bright silvery metallic luster; however, being one of the more reactive rare-earth metals, neodymium quickly tarnishes in air, forming an oxide that falls off and exposes the metal to further oxidation.

Uses of neodymium include:

* Neodymium is a component of didymium used for colouring glass to make welder's goggles.
* Neodymium colours glass in delicate shades ranging from pure violet through wine-red and warm gray. Light transmitted through such glass shows unusually sharp absorption bands; the glass is used in astronomical work to produce sharp bands by which spectral lines may be calibrated. Neodymium is also used to remove the green colour caused by iron contaminants from glass.
* Certain transparent materials with a small concentration of neodymium ions can be used in lasers for infrared wavelengths (1054-1064 nm), e.g. Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminium garnet), Nd:YLF (yttrium lithium fluoride), Nd:YVO4 (yttrium orthvanadate), and Nd:glass.
* Neodymium salts are used as a colourant for enamels.
* Neodymium is used in very powerful permanent magnets - Nd2Fe14B. These magnets are cheaper and also stronger than samarium-cobalt magnets. Neodymium magnets appear in products such as in-ear headphones and computer hard drives.
* Neodymium ions are used in active laser media.
* Probably because of similarities to Ca2+, Nd3+ has been reported to promote plant growth. Rare earth element compounds are frequently used in China as fertilizer.

Neodymium was discovered by Baron Carl Auer von Welsbach, an Austrian chemist, in Vienna in 1885. He separated neodymium, as well as the element praseodymium, from a material known as didymium by means of spectroscopic analysis; however, it was not isolated in relatively pure form until 1925. The name neodymium is derived from the Greek words neos, new, and didymos, twin.

Today, neodymium is primarily obtained through an ion exchange process of monazite sand ((Ce,La,Th,Nd,Y)PO4), a material rich in rare earth elements, and through electrolysis of its halide salts.

Promethium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Pm and atomic number 61.

Promethium has no stable isotopes. It is a man-made soft beta emitter; it does not emit gamma rays, but beta particles impinging on elements of high atomic numbers can generate X-rays. Pure promethium exists in two allotropic forms, but little else is known about the metal. Promethium salts luminesce in the dark with a pale blue or greenish glow due to their high radioactivity.

Uses for promethium include:

* Beta radiation source for thickness gauges.
* Light source for signals that require dependable operation (using phosphor to absorb the beta radiation and produce light).
* In a nuclear battery in which photocells convert the light into electric current, yielding a useful life of about five years using 147-Pm.
* Possibly in the future as a portable X-ray source, as an auxiliary heat / power source for space probes and satellites, and to make lasers that can be used to communicate with submerged submarines.

The existence of promethium was first predicted by Bohuslav Brauner in 1902; this prediction was confirmed by Henry Moseley in 1914. Several groups claimed to have produced the element, but they could not confirm their discoveries because of the difficulty of separating promethium from other elements. Proof of the existence of promethium was obtained in 1945 by Jacob A. Marinsky, Lawrence E. Glendenin and Charles D. Coryell during the analysis of byproducts of uranium fission; however, being too busy with defense-related research during World War II, they did not announce their discovery until 1947. The name promethium is derived from Prometheus in Greek mythology, who stole the fire of the sky and gave it to mankind.

In 1963, ion-exchange methods were used to prepare about 10 grams of promethium from atomic reactor fuel processing wastes.

Today, promethium is still recovered from the byproducts of uranium fission; it can also be produced by bombarding 146Nd with neutrons, turning it into 147Nd which decays into 147Pm through beta decay with a half-life of 11 days.

Samarium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Sm and atomic number 62.

Samarium is a rare earth metal, with a bright silver lustre, that is reasonably stable in air; it ignites in air at 150°C. Three crystal modifications of the metal also exist, with transformations at 734 and 922°C, respectively.

Uses of Samarium include:

* Carbon-arc lighting for the motion picture industry (together with other rare earth metals).
* Doping CaF2 crystals for use in optical masers or lasers.
* As a neutron absorber in nuclear reactors.
* For alloys and headphones.
* Samarium-Cobalt magnets; SmCo5 is used in making a new permanent magnet material with the highest resistance to demagnetization of any known material, and an intrinsic coercive force as high as 2200 kA/m.
* Samarium oxide is used in optical glass to absorb infrared light.
* Samarium compounds act as sensitizers for phosphors excited in the infrared.
* Samarium oxide is a catalyst for the dehydration and dehydrogenation of ethanol.

Samarium was first discovered spectroscopically in 1853 by Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac by its sharp absorption lines in didymium, and isolated in Paris in 1879 by French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran from the mineral samarskite ((Y,Ce,U,Fe)3(Nb,Ta,Ti)5O16). Like the mineral, it was named after a Russian mine official, Colonel Samarski.

Europium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It was named after the continent Europe.

Europium is the most reactive of the rare earth elements; it quickly oxidizes in air, and resembles calcium in its reaction with water. Like other rare earths (with the exception of lanthanum), europium ignites in air at about 150 °C to 180 °C. It is about as hard as lead and quite ductile.

There are no commercial applications for europium metal, although it has been used to dope some types of plastics to make lasers. Due to its ability to absorb neutrons, it is also being studied for use in nuclear reactors. Europium oxide (Eu2O3) is widely used as a red phosphor in television sets, and as an activator for yttrium-based phosphors. It is also being used as an agent for the manufacture of fluorescent glass. A salt of Europium is a component of the newer phosphorescent powders and paints, some of which will glow for days after a few minutes of exposure to light.

Europium was first found by Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1890, who obtained basic fraction from samarium-gadolinium concentrates which had spectral lines not accounted for by samarium or gadolinium; however, the discovery of europium is generally credited to French chemist Eugène-Antole Demarçay, who suspected samples of the recently discovered element samarium were contaminated with an unknown element in 1896 and who was able to isolate europium in 1901.

Pure europium metal was not isolated until recent years.

Gadolinium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Gd and atomic number 64.

Gadolinium is a silvery white, malleable and ductile rare earth metal with a metallic luster. It crystallizes in hexagonal, close-packed alpha form at room temperature; when heated to 1508 K, it transforms into its beta form, which has a body-centered cubic structure.

Unlike other rare earth elements, gadolinium is relatively stable in dry air; however, it tarnishes quickly in moist air and forms a loosely adhering oxide that spalls off and exposes more surface to oxidation. Gadolinium reacts slowly with water and is soluble in dilute acid.

Gadolinium has the highest thermal neutron capture cross-section of any (known) element, 49,000 barns, but it also has a fast burn-out rate, limiting its usefulness as a nuclear control rod material.

Gadolinium becomes superconductive below a critical temperature of 1.083 K. It is strongly magnetic at room temperature, and is in fact the only metal to exhibit ferromagnetic properties except for fourth period transition metals.

Gadolinium is used for making gadolinium yttrium garnets, which have microwave applications, and gadolinium compounds are used for making phosphors for colour TV tubes. Gadolinium is also used for manufacturing compact discs and computer memory. Gadolinium is also used as a secondary, emergency shut-down measure in some nuclear reactors, particularly of the CANDU type.

Gadolinium also possesses unusual metallurgic properties, with as little as 1% of gadolinium improving the workability and resistance of iron, chromium and related alloys to high temperatures and oxidation.

Solutions of organic gadolinium complexes are used as intravenous radiocontrast agents to enhance images in medical magnetic resonance imaging.

Gallium Gadolinium Garnet a material with good optical properties, and is used in fabrication of various optical components and as substrate material for magneto–optical films.

In the future, gadolinium ethyl sulfate, which has extremely low noise characteristics, may be used in masers. Furthermore, gadolinium's high magnetic movement and low Curie temperature (which lies just at room temperature) suggest applications as a magnetic component for sensing hot and cold.

In 1880, Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac observed spectroscopic lines due to gadolinium in samples of didymium and gadolinite; French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran separated gadolinia, the oxide of Gadolinium, from Mosander's yttria in 1886. The element itself was isolated only recently.

Gadolinium, like the mineral gadolinite, is named after Finnish chemist and geologist Johan Gadolin.

Terbium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Tb and atomic number 65.

Terbium is a silvery-gray rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile and soft enough to be cut with a knife. It is reasonably stable in air, and two crystal allotropes exist, with a transformation temperature of 1289 °C.

Terbium is used to dope calcium_fluoride, calcium tungstate and strontium molybdate, materials that are used in solid-state devices, and as a crystal stabilizer of fuel cells which operate at elevated temperatures, together with ZrO2. Terbium is also used in alloys and in the production of electronic devices, its oxide is used in green phosphors in fluorescent lamps and color TV tubes. Sodium terbium borate is used in solid state devices.

Terbium was discovered in 1843 by Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander, who detected it as an impurity in Yttrium-oxide, Y2O3, and named after the village Ytterby in Sweden. It was not isolated in pure form until the recent advent of ion exchange techniques.

Dysprosium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Dy and atomic number 66.

Dysprosium is a rare earth element that has a metallic, bright silver luster, relatively stable in air at room temperature, but dissolving readily in dilute or concentrated mineral acids with the emission of hydrogen. It is soft enough to be cut with a knife, and can be machined without sparking if overheating is avoided. Dysprosium's characteristics can be greatly affected even by small amounts of impurities.

Dysprosium is used, in conjunction with vanadium and other elements, for making laser materials; its high thermal neutron absorption cross-section and melting point also suggest using it for nuclear control rods, dysprosium oxide (also known as dysprosia) with nickel cement compounds which absorb neutrons readily without swelling or contracting under prolonged neutron bombardment, is being used for cooling rods in nuclear reactors. Dysprosium-cadmium chalcogenides are sources of infrared radiation for studying chemical reactions; furthermore, dysprosium is used for manufacturing compact discs.

Dysprosium was first identified in Paris in 1886 by French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran; however, the element itself was not isolated in relatively pure form until after the development of ion exchange and metallographic reduction techniques in the 1950s. The name dysprosium is derived from Greek dysprositos, "hard to get at".

Holmium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ho and atomic number 67. Part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a relatively soft and malleable silvery-white metallic element, which is stable in dry air at room temperature. A rare earth metal, it is found in the minerals monazite and gadolinite.

A trivalent metallic rare earth element, holmium has the highest magnetic moment (10.6µB) of any naturally-occurring element and possesses other unusual magnetic properties. When combined with yttrium, it forms highly magnetic compounds.

Holmium is a relatively soft and malleable element that is fairly corrosion-resistant and stable in dry air at standard temperature and pressure. In moist air and at higher temperatures, however, it quickly oxidizes, forming a yellowish oxide. In pure form, holmium possesses a metallic, bright silvery luster.

Because of its magnetic properties, holmium has been used to create the strongest artificially-generated magnetic fields when placed within high-strength magnets as a magnetic pole piece (also called a magnetic flux concentrator). Since it can absorb nuclear fission-bred neutrons, the element is also used in nuclear control rods. Other commercial applications of the element include;

* its very high magnetic moment is suitable for use in yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) and yttrium-lanthanum-fluoride (YLF) solid state lasers found in microwave equipment (which are in turn found in a variety of medical and dental settings).

* Holmium oxide is used as a yellow glass coloring.

Few other uses have been identified for this element.

Holmium (Holmia, Latin name for Stockholm) was discovered by Marc Delafontaine and Jacques Louis Soret in 1878 who noticed the aberrant spectrographic absorption bands of the then-unknown element (they called it "Element X"). Later in 1878, Per Teodor Cleve independently discovered the element while he was working on erbia earth (erbium oxide).

Using the method developed by Carl Gustaf Mosander, Cleve first removed all of the known contaminants from erbia. The result of that effort was two new materials, one brown and one green. He named the brown substance holmia (after the Latin name for Cleve's home town, Stockholm) and the green one thulia. Holmia was later found to be the holmium oxide and thulia was thulium oxide.

Erbium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Er and atomic number 68. A rare silvery metallic lanthanide rare earth element, erbium is associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden.

A trivalent element, pure erbium metal is malleable, soft, somewhat stable in air and does not oxidize as quickly as some other rare-earth metals. Its salts are rose-colored and the element gives a characteristic sharp absorption spectra in visible light, ultraviolet, and near infrared. Otherwise it looks much like the other rare earths. Its sesquioxide is called erbia. Erbium's properties are to a degree dictated by the kind and amount of impurities present. Erbium does not play any known biological role but is thought by some to be able to stimulate metabolism.

Erbium's everyday uses are varied; commonly it is used as a photographic filter and because of its resilience it is useful as an metallurgical additive. Other uses:

* Used in nuclear technology as a neutron absorber.
* Used as a dopant in fiber amplifiers.
* When added to vanadium as an alloy erbium lowers hardness and improves workability.
* Erbium oxide has a pink color and is therefore sometimes used as a glass and porcelain enamel glaze colorant. The glass is then often used in sunglasses and cheap jewelry.

Erbium (for Ytterby, a town in Sweden) was discovered by Carl Gustaf Mosander in 1843. Mosander separated "yttria" from the mineral gadolinite into three fractions which he called yttria, erbia, and terbia. He named the new element after the town of Ytterby where large concentrations of yttria and erbium are located. Erbia and terbia, however, were confused in at this time. After 1860, what had been known as terbia was renamed erbia and after 1877 what had been known as erbia was renamed terbia. Fairly pure Er2O3 was independently isolated in 1905 by Georges Urbain and Charles James. Reasonably pure metal wasn't produced until 1934 when workers reduced the anhydrous chloride with potassium vapor.

Thulium is a chemical element that has the symbol Tm and atomic number 69 in the periodic table. A lanthanide element, thulium is the least abundant of the rare earths and its metal is easy to work, has a bright silvery-gray luster and can be cut by a knife. It also has some corrosion resistance in dry air and good ductility. Naturally occurring thulium is made entirely of the stable isotope Tm-169.

Thulium has been used to create lasers but high production costs have prevented other commercial uses from being developed. Other uses/potential uses:

* When stable thulium (Tm-169) is bombarded in a nuclear reactor it can later serve as a radiation source in portable X-ray devices.
* The unstable Tm-171 could possibly be used as an energy source.
* Tm-169 has potential use in ceramic magnetic materials called ferrites, which are used in microwave equipment.

Thulium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve in 1879 by looking for impurities in the oxides of other rare earth elements (this was the same method Carl Gustaf Mosander earlier used to discover some other rare earths elements). Cleve started by removing all of the known contaminants of erbia (Er2O3) and upon additional processing, obtained two new substances; one brown and one green. The brown substance turned out to be the oxide of the element holmium and was named holmia by Cleve and the green substance was the oxide of an unknown element. Cleve named the oxide thulia and its element thulium after Thule, an ancient Roman name for a mythical country in the far north, perhaps Scandinavia.

Ytterbium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Yb and atomic number 70. A soft silvery metallic element, ytterbium is a rare earth of the lanthanide series and is found in the minerals gadolinite, monazite, and xenotime. The element is sometimes associated with yttrium or other related elements and is used in certain steels. Natural ytterbium is a mix of seven stable isotopes.

Ytterbium is a soft, malleable and rather ductile element that exhibits a bright silvery luster. A rare earth element, it is easily attacked and dissolved by mineral acids, slowly reacts with water, and oxidizes in air.

Ytterbium has three allotropes which are called alpha, beta and gamma and whose transformation points are at -13 ° C and 795 °C. The beta form exists at room temperature and has a face-centered crystal structure while the high-temperature gamma form has a body-centered crystal structure.

Normally, the beta form has a metallic-like electrical conductivity, but becomes a semiconductor when exposed to around 16,000 atm. Its electrical resistance is tenfold larger at about 39,000 atm but then dramatically drops to around 10% of its room temperature resistivity value at 40,000 atm.

One ytterbium isotope has been used as a radiation source substitute for a portable X-ray machine when electricity was not available. Its metal could also be used to help improve the grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical properties of stainless steel. Some ytterbium alloys have been used in dentistry. There are few other uses of this element, e.g. in the form of ions in active laser media.

Ytterbium was discovered by the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1878. Marignac found a new component in the earth then known as erbia and named it ytterbia (after Ytterby, the Swedish town where he found the new erbia component). He suspected that ytterbia was a compound of a new element he called ytterbium (which was in fact the first rare earth to be discovered).

In 1907, the French chemist Georges Urbain separated Marignac's ytterbia into two components, neoytterbia and lutecia. Neoytterbia would later become known as the element ytterbium and lutecia would later be known as the element lutetium. Auer von Welsbach independently isolated these elements from ytterbia at about the same time but called them aldebaranium and cassiopeium.

The chemical and physical properties of ytterbium could not be determined until 1953 when the first nearly pure ytterbium was produced.

Lutetium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Lu and atomic number 71. A metallic element of the rare earth group, lutetium usually occurs in association with yttrium and is sometimes used in metal alloys and as a catalyst in various processes. A strict correlation between periodic table blocks and chemical series for neutral atoms would describe lutetium as a transition metal, but it is commonly considered a lanthanide.

Lutetium is a silvery white corrosion-resistant trivalent metal that is relatively stable in air and is the heaviest and hardest of the rare earth elements. Lutetium has the highest spin quantum number of the elements, at 7.

This element is very expensive to obtain in useful quantities and therefore it has very few commercial uses. However, stable lutetium can be used as catalysts in petroleum cracking in refineries and can also be used in alkylation, hydrogenation, and polymerization applications.

Lutetium (Latin Lutetia meaning Paris) was independently discovered in 1907 by French scientist Georges Urbain and Austrian mineralogist Baron Carol Auer von Welsbach. Both men found lutetium as an impurity in the mineral ytterbia which was thought by Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (and most others) to consist entirely of the element ytterbium.

The separation of lutetium from Marignac's ytterbium was first described by Urbain and the naming honor therefore went to him. He chose the names neoytterbium (new ytterbium) and lutecium for the new element but neoytterbium was eventually reverted back to ytterbium and in 1949 the spelling of element 71 was changed to lutetium.

Welsbach proposed the names cassiopium for element 71 (after the constellation Cassiopeia) and albebaranium for the new name of ytterbium but these naming proposals where rejected (although many German scientists still call element 71 cassiopium).

Hafnium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray tetravalent transition metal, hafnium resembles zirconium chemically and is found in zirconium minerals. Hafnium is used in tungsten alloys in filaments and electrodes and also acts as a neutron absorber in nuclear control rods.

This is a shiny silvery, ductile metal that is corrosion resistant and chemically similar to zirconium. The properties of hafnium are markedly affected by zirconium impurities and these two elements are amongst the most difficult to separate. The only notable difference between them is their density (zirconium is about half as dense as hafnium).

Hafnium carbide is the most refractory binary compound known and hafnium nitride is the most refractory of all known metal nitrides with a melting point of 3310 °C. This metal is resistant to concentrated alkalis, but halogens react with it to form hafnium tetrahalides. At higher temperatures hafnium reacts with oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, boron, sulfur, and silicon.

The nuclear isomer Hf-178-2m is also a source of energetic gamma rays, and is being studied as a possible power source for gamma ray lasers.

Hafnium is used to make nuclear control rods, such as those found in nuclear submarines because of its ability to absorb neutrons (its thermal neutron absorption cross section is nearly 600 times that of zirconium), excellent mechanical properties and exceptional corrosion-resistance properties. Other uses:

* Used in gas-filled and incandescent lamps,
* for scavenging oxygen and nitrogen,
* as the electrode in plasma cutting because of its ability to shed electrons into air,
* and in iron, titanium, niobium, tantalum, and other metal alloys.
* Hafnium dioxide is a candidate for High-K gate insulators in future generations of integrated circuits.
* Recently, hafnium has been put into development of newer nuclear weapons by the U.S. government.
* DARPA has been intermittently funding programs to determine the possibility of using a nuclear isomer of hafnium (the above mentioned Hf-178-2m) to construct small, high yield weapons with simple x-ray triggering mechanisms—the hafnium bomb. There is considerable scientific opposition to this program, both on technical and moral grounds (the argument is that though a hafnium bomb might be infeasible, other countries will use an imagined "isomer weapon gap" to justify nuclear weapons development stockpiling). A related proposal is to use the same isomer to power Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, which could remain airborne for weeks at a time.

Hafnium (Latin Hafnia for "Copenhagen") was discovered by Dirk Coster and Georg von Hevesy in 1923 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Soon after, the new element was predicted to be associated with zirconium by using the Bohr theory and was finally found in zircon through X-ray spectroscope analysis in Norway.

It was separated from zirconium through repeated recrystallization of double ammonium or potassium fluorides by Jantzen and von Hevesey. Metallic hafnium was first prepared by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik deBoer by passing tetraiodide vapor over a heated tungsten filament.

Tantalum (formerly tantalium) is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ta and atomic number 73. A rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous, transition metal, tantalum is highly corrosion-resistant and occurs in the mineral tantalite. Tantalum is used in surgical instruments and implants because it does not react with body fluids.

Tantalum is gray, heavy, ductile, very hard, easily fabricated, highly resistant to corrosion by acids, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity. In fact, at temperatures below 150 °C tantalum is almost completely immune to chemical attack, even by the very aggressive aqua regia, and can only be attacked by hydrofluoric acid, acidic solutions containing the fluoride ion, and free sulfur trioxide. The element has a melting point exceeded only by tungsten and rhenium (melting point 3290 K, boiling point 5731 K).

The major use for tantalum, as tantalum metal powder, is in the production of electronic components, mainly tantalum capacitors. Tantalum electrolytic capacitors exploit the natural tendency of tantalum to form a protective oxide surface layer, using tantalum foil as one plate of the capacitor, the oxide as the dielectric, and an electrolytic solution as the other plate. Because the dielectric layer can be very thin (thinner than the similar layer in, for instance, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor), a high capacitance can be achieved in a small space. This size and weight advantage makes tantalum capacitors attractive for portable telephones, pagers, personal computers, and automotive electronics.

Tantalum is also used to produce a variety of alloys that have high melting points, are strong and have good ductility. Alloyed with other metals, it is also used in making carbide tools for metalworking equipment and in the production of superalloys for jet engine components, chemical process equipment, nuclear reactors, and missile parts. It is ductile and can be drawn into fine wire, which is used as a filament for evaporating metals such as aluminium.

Because it is totally immune to the action of body liquids and is nonirritating it is widely used in making surgical appliances. Tantalum oxide is used to make special high refractive index glass for camera lenses. The metal is also used to make vacuum furnace parts.

Tantalum (Greek Tantalus, mythological character) was discovered in Sweden in 1802 by Anders Ekeberg and isolated in 1820 by Jöns Berzelius. Many contemporary chemists believed niobium and tantalum were the same elements until 1844 and later 1866 when researchers showed that niobic and tantalic acids were different compounds. Early investigators were only able to isolate impure metal and the first relatively pure ductile metal was produced by Werner von Bolton in 1903. Wires made with tantalum metal were used for light bulbs until tungsten replaced it.

Its name is derived from the character Tantalus, father of Niobe in Greek mythology, who was punished after death by being condemned to stand knee-deep in water with perfect fruit growing above his head, both of which eternally tantalized him - if he bent to drink the water, it drained below the level he could reach, and if he reached for the fruit, the branches moved out of his grasp. This was considered similar to tantalum's general non-reactivity—it sits among reagents and is unaffected by them.

Tungsten (formerly wolfram) is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol W (L. wolframium) and atomic number 74. A very hard, heavy, steel-gray to white transition metal, tungsten is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite and is remarkable for its robust physical properties. The pure form is used mainly in electrical applications but its many compounds and alloys are widely used in many applications (most notably in light bulb filaments and in space-age superalloys).

Pure tungsten is steel-gray to tin-white and is a hard metal. Tungsten can be cut with a hacksaw when it is very pure (it is brittle and hard to work when impure) and is otherwise worked by forging, drawing, or extruding. This element has the highest melting point (3422 °C) (6192 °F) , lowest vapor pressure and the highest tensile strength at temperatures above 1650 °C (3000 °F) of all metals. Its corrosion resistance is excellent and it can only be attacked slightly by most mineral acids. Tungsten metal forms a protective oxide when exposed to air but can be oxidized at high temperature. When alloyed in small quantities with steel, it greatly increases its hardness.

Tungsten is a metal with a wide range of uses, the largest of which is as tungsten carbide (W2C, WC) in cemented carbides. Cemented carbides (also called hardmetals) are wear-resistant materials used by the metalworking, mining, petroleum and construction industries. Tungsten is widely used in light bulb and vacuum tube filaments, as well as electrodes, because it can be drawn into very thin metal wires that have a high melting point. Other uses;

* A high melting point also makes tungsten suitable for space-oriented and high temperature uses which include electrical, heating, and welding applications, notably in the GTAW process (also called TIG welding).
* Hardness and density properties make this metal ideal for making heavy metal alloys that are used in armaments, heat sinks, and high-density applications, such as weights and counterweights.
* The high density makes it an ideal ingredient for darts, sometimes up to 80%.
* High-speed tool steels (Hastelloy, Stellite) are often alloyed with tungsten, with tungsten steels containing as much as 18% tungsten.
* Superalloys containing this metal are used in turbine blades, tool steels, and wear-resistant alloy parts and coatings.
* Composites are used as a substitute for lead in bullets and shot.
* Tungsten chemical compounds are used in catalysts, inorganic pigments, and tungsten disulfide high-temperature lubricants which is stable to 500 °C (930 °F).
* Since this element's thermal expansion is similar to borosilicate glass, it is used for making glass-to-metal seals.
* It is used in kinetic energy penetrators, usually alloyed with nickel and iron or cobalt to form tungsten heavy alloys, as an alternative to depleted uranium.

Miscellaneous: Oxides are used in ceramic glazes and calcium/magnesium tungstates are used widely in fluorescent lighting. The metal is also used in X-ray targets and heating elements for electrical furnaces. Salts that contain tungsten are used in the chemical and tanning industries. Tungsten 'bronzes' (so-called due to the colour of the tungsten oxides) along with other compounds are used in paints. Tungsten Carbide has recently been used in the fashioning of jewelry due to its hypoallergenic nature and the fact that due to its extreme hardness it is not apt to lose its luster like other polished metals.

Tungsten (Swedish and Danish tung sten meaning "heavy stone", even though the current name for the element in Swedish is Wolfram) was first hypothesized to exist by Peter Woulfe in 1779 who examined wolframite and concluded that it must contain a new substance. In 1781 Carl Wilhelm Scheele ascertained that a new acid could be made from tungstenite. Scheele and Torbern Bergman suggested that it could be possible to obtain a new metal by reducing tungstic acid. In 1783 José and Fausto Elhuyar found an acid in wolframite that was identical to tungstic acid. In Spain later that year the brothers succeeded in isolating tungsten through reduction of this acid with charcoal. They are credited with the discovery of the element.

In World War II, tungsten played an enormous role in background political dealings. Portugal, as the main European source of the element, was put under pressure from both sides, because of its sources of wolframite ore. The resistance to high temperatures, as well as the extreme strength of its alloys, made the metal into a very important raw material for the weaponry industry.

Rhenium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Re and atomic number 75. A silvery-white, rare, heavy, polyvalent transition metal, rhenium resembles manganese chemically and is used in some alloys. Rhenium is obtained as a by-product of molybdenum refinement and rhenium-molybdenum alloys are superconducting. This was the last naturally-occurring element to be discovered and belongs to the ten most expensive metals on Earth.

Rhenium is a silvery white metal, lustrous, and has one of the highest melting points of all elements, exceeded by only tungsten and carbon. It is also one of the most dense, exceeded only by platinum, iridium, and osmium. The oxidation states of rhenium include -1,+1,+2,+3,+4,+5,+6 and +7 oxidation states. The oxidation states +7,+6,+4,+2 and -1 are the most common.

Its usual commercial form is a powder, but this element can be consolidated by pressing and resistance-sintering in a vacuum or hydrogen atmosphere. This procedure yields a compact shape that is in excess of 90 percent of the density of the metal. When annealed this metal is very ductile and can be bent, coiled, or rolled. Rhenium-molybdenum alloys are superconductive at 10 K.

This element is used in platinum-rhenium catalysts which in turn are primarily used in making lead-free, high-octane gasoline and in high-temperature superalloys that are used to make jet engine parts. Other uses:

* Widely used as filaments in mass spectrographs and in ion gauges.
* An additive to tungsten and molybdenum-based alloys to give them useful properties.
* Rhenium catalysts are very resistant to chemical poisoning, and so are used in certain kinds of hydrogenation reactions.
* Electrical contact material due to its good wear resistance and ability to withstand arc corrosion.
* Thermocouples containing alloys of rhenium and tungsten are used to measure temperatures up to 2200 °C.
* Rhenium wire is used in photoflash lamps in photography.

Rhenium (Latin Rhenus meaning "Rhine") was the last naturally-occurring element to be discovered. The existence of an as-yet undiscovered element at this postion in the periodic table had been predicted by Henry Moseley in 1914. It is generally considered to be discovered by Walter Noddack, Ida Tacke, and Otto Berg in Germany. In 1925 they reported that they detected the element in platinum ore and in the mineral columbite. They also found rhenium in gadolinite and molybdenite. In 1928 they were able to extract 1 g of element by processing 660 kg of molybdenite.

The process was so complicated and the cost so high that production was discontinued until early 1950 when tungsten-rhenium and molybdenum-rhenium alloys were prepared. These alloys found important applications in industry that resulted in a great demand for the rhenium produced from the molybdenite fraction of porphyry copper ores.

Osmium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Os and atomic number 76. A hard brittle blue-gray or blue-black transition metal in the platinum family, osmium is the densest natural element and is used in some alloys with platinum and iridium. Osmium is found native as an alloy in platinum ore and its tetroxide has been used to stain tissues and in fingerprinting. Alloys of osmium are employed in fountain pen tips, electrical contacts and in other applications where extreme durability and hardness are needed.

Osmium in a metallic form is extremely dense, blue white, brittle and lustrous even at high temperatures, but proves to be extremely difficult to make. Powdered osmium is easier to make, but powdered osmium exposed to air leads to the formation of osmium tetroxide (OsO4), which is toxic. The oxide is also a powerful oxidizing agent, emits a strong smell and boils at 130°C.

Due to its very high density osmium is generally considered to be the heaviest known element, narrowly defeating iridium. However, calculations of density from the space lattice may produce more reliable data for these elements than actual measurements and give a density of 22650 kg/m3 for iridium versus 22610 kg/m3 for osmium. Definitive selection between the two is therefore not possible at this time. If one distinguishes different isotopes, then the heaviest ordinary substance would be Osmium-192.

This metal has the highest melting point and the lowest vapor pressure of the platinum family. Common oxidation states of osmium are +4 and +3, but oxidation states from +1 to +8 are observed.

Because of the extreme toxicity of its oxide, osmium is rarely used in its pure state, and is instead often alloyed with other metals that are used in high wear applications. Osmium alloys are very hard and along with other platinum group metals is almost entirely used in alloys employed in the tips of fountain pens, phonograph needles, instrument pivots, and electrical contacts.

Osmium tetroxide has been used in fingerprint detection and in staining fatty tissue for microscope slides. An alloy of 90% platinum and 10% osmium (90/10) is used in surgical implants such as pacemakers and replacement pulmonary valves.

The tetroxide (and a related compound, potassium osmate) are important oxidants for chemical synthesis.

Osmium (Greek osme meaning "a smell") was discovered in 1803 by Smithson Tennant in London, England along with iridium in the residue of dissolving platinum in aqua regia.

Iridium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A heavy, very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum family, iridium is used in high strength alloys that can withstand high temperatures and occurs in natural alloys with platinum or osmium. Iridium is notable for being the most corrosion resistant element known and for its association with the demise of the dinosaurs. It is used in high temperature apparatus, electrical contacts, and as a hardening agent for platinum.

A platinum family metal, iridium is white, resembling platinum, but with a slight yellowish cast. Due to its extreme hardness and brittle properties, iridium is difficult to machine, form, or work. Iridium is the most corrosion-resistant metal known. Iridium cannot be attacked by any acids or by aqua regia, but it can be attacked by molten salts, such as NaCl and NaCN.

The measured density of this element is only slightly lower than that of osmium, which is therefore often listed as the heaviest element known. However, calculations of density from the space lattice may produce more reliable data for these elements than actual measurements and give a density of 22650 kg/m³ for iridium versus 22610 kg/m³ for osmium. Definitive selection between the two is therefore not possible at this time.

The principal use of iridium is as a hardening agent in platinum alloys. Other uses:

* For making crucibles and devices that require high temperatures.
* Electrical contacts (notable example: Pt/Ir sparkplugs).
* Osmium/iridium alloys are used for tipping fountain pen nibs and for compass bearings.
* Iridium is used as a catalyst for carbonylation of methanol to produce acetic acid

At one time iridium, as an alloy with platinum, was used in bushing the vents of heavy ordnance and, in a finely powdered condition (iridium black), for painting porcelain black.

Iridium was discovered in 1803 by Smithson Tennant in London, England along with osmium in the dark-colored residue of dissolving crude platinum in aqua regia (a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acid). The element was named after the Latin word for rainbow (iris; iridium means "of rainbows") because many of its salts are strongly colored.

An alloy of 90% platinum and 10% iridium was used in 1889 to construct the standard metre bar and kilogram mass, kept by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures near Paris. The metre bar has been replaced as the definition of the fundamental unit of length in 1960 (see krypton), but the kilogram prototype is still the international standard of mass.

The KT event of 65 million years ago, marking the temporal border between the Cretaceous and Tertiary eras of geological time, was identified by a thin stratum of iridium-rich clay. A team led by Luis Alvarez (1980) proposed an extraterrestrial origin for this iridium, attributing it to an asteroid or comet impact near what is now Yucatan Peninsula. Their theory is widely accepted to explain the demise of the dinosaurs. Dewey M. McLean and others argue that the iridium may have been of volcanic origin instead. The Earth's core is rich in iridium, and Piton de la Fournaise on Réunion, for example, is still releasing iridium today.

Platinum is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Pt and atomic number 78. A heavy, malleable, ductile, precious, gray-white transition metal, platinum is resistant to corrosion and occurs in some nickel and copper ores along with some native deposits. Platinum is used in jewelry, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts, dentistry, and automobile emissions control devices.

The metal is a beautiful silvery-white when pure, and malleable and ductile. The metal is corrosion-resistant. The catalytic properties of the six platinum family metals are outstanding (a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen explodes in the presence of platinum). For this catalytic property platinum is used in catalytic converters, incorporated in automobile exhaust systems.

Platinum's wear- and tarnish-resistance characteristics are well-suited for making fine jewelry. Platinum is more precious than gold. The price of platinum changes along with its availability, but it normally costs about twice as much as gold. In the 18th century, platinum's rarity made King Louis XV of France declare it the only metal fit for a king.

Other distinctive properties include resistance to chemical attack, excellent high-temperature characteristics, and stable electrical properties. All these properties have been exploited for industrial applications. Platinum does not oxidize in air at any temperature but can be corroded by cyanides, halogens, sulfur, and caustic alkalis. This metal is insoluble in hydrochloric and nitric acid but does dissolve in the mixture known as aqua regia (forming chloroplatinic acid). Common oxidation states of platinum include +2, +3, and +4.

* catalyst utilized in the catalytic converter, an optional component of the gasoline-fueled automobile exhaust system (see "Notable characteristics" in this article)
* certain platinum-containing compounds are capable of intercalating into DNA and are chemotherapeutic agents owing to this capability. For example, cisplatin and carboplatin belong to this class of drugs.
* platinum resistance thermometers
* electrodes for use in electrolysis

The name platinum mainly derives from the Spanish platina meaning "little silver".

Naturally-occurring platinum and platinum-rich alloys have been known for a long time. Though the metal was used by pre-Columbian Indians, the first European reference to platinum appears in 1557 in the writings of the Italian humanist Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484-1558) as a description of a mysterious metal found in Central American mines between Darién (Panama) and Mexico ("up until now impossible to melt by any of the Spanish arts").

The Spaniards named the metal "platino," or little silver, when they first encountered it in Colombia. They regarded platinum as an unwanted impurity in the silver they were mining, and often discarded it.

Platinum was discovered by astronomer Antonio de Ulloa and Don Jorge Juan y Santacilia (1713-1773), both appointed by King Philip V to join a geographical expedition in Peru that lasted from 1735 to 1745. Among other things, Ulloa observed the platina del pinto, the unworkable metal found with gold in New Granada (Colombia). British privateers intercepted Ulloa's ship on the return voyage. Though he was well-treated in England, and even made a member of the Royal Society he was prevented from publishing a reference to the unknown metal until 1748. Before that could happen Charles Wood independently isolated the element in 1741.

The alchemical symbol for platinum was made by joining the symbols of silver and gold.

The standard definition of a metre for a long time was based on the distance between two marks on a bar of a platinum-iridium alloy housed at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures in Sevres, France. A platinum-iridium cylinder serves to this day as the standard of the kilogram and is housed in the same facility as the metre bar. Platinum is also used in the definition of the Standard hydrogen electrode.

Gold is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Au (L. aurum) and atomic number 79. A soft, shiny, yellow, heavy, malleable, ductile (trivalent and univalent) transition metal, gold does not react with most chemicals but is attacked by chlorine, fluorine and aqua regia. The metal occurs as nuggets or grains in rocks and in alluvial deposits and is one of the coinage metals.

Gold was formerly used as a monetary standard for many nations and is also used in jewelry, dentistry, and in electronics. Its ISO currency code is XAU.

Gold is a metallic element with a characteristic yellow color, but can also be black or ruby when finely divided, while colloidal solutions are intensely colored and often purple. These colors are the result of gold's plasmon frequency lying in the visible range, which causes red and yellow light to be reflected and blue light to be absorbed. It is one of only three metals which have an actual easily-identifiable color; the other two are copper, which is red, and caesium, which has a pale golden color.

It is the most malleable and ductile metal known; a single gram can be beaten into a sheet of one square meter, or an ounce into 300 square feet. A soft metal, gold will readily form alloys with many other metals. This can be done to increase its strength, or create several exotic colors, sold for instance in the western United States to the tourist trade as "Black Hills" gold. Adding copper yields a redder metal, iron green, aluminium purple, platinum metals white, and natural bismuth together with silver alloys produce black. Native gold contains usually eight to ten per cent silver, but often much more — alloys with a silver content over 20% are called electrum. As the amount of silver increases, the color becomes whiter and the specific gravity lower.

Gold is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and is not affected by air and most reagents. Heat, moisture, oxygen, and most corrosive agents have very little chemical effect on gold, making it well-suited for use in coins and jewelry; conversely, halogens will chemically alter gold, and aqua regia dissolves it.

Common oxidation states of gold include +1 (gold(I) or aurous compounds) and +3 (gold(III) or auric compounds). Gold ions in solution are readily reduced and precipitated out as gold metal by the addition of virtually any other metal as the reducing agent. The added metal is oxidized and dissolves allowing the gold to be displaced from solution and be recovered as a solid precipitate.

Recent research undertaken by Frank Reith of the Australian National University shows that microbes play an important role in the formation of gold deposits, transporting and precipitating gold to form grains and nuggets that collect in alluvial deposits.

Pure gold is too soft for ordinary use and is hardened by alloying with silver, copper, and other metals. Gold and its many alloys are most often used in jewelry, coinage and as a standard for monetary exchange in many countries. Because of its high electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion and other desirable combinations of physical and chemical properties, gold also emerged in the late 20th century as an essential industrial metal.

Other uses:

* Gold can be made into thread and used in embroidery.
* Gold performs critical functions in computers, communications equipment, spacecraft, jet aircraft engines, and a host of other products.
* The resistance to oxidation of gold has led to its widespread use as thin layers electroplated on the surface of electrical connectors to ensure a good connection.
* Gold is used in restorative dentistry especially in tooth restorations such as crowns and bridges.
* Colloidal gold (a gold nanoparticle) is an intensely colored solution that is currently studied in many labs for medical, biological and other applications. It is also the form used as gold paint on ceramics prior to firing.
* Chlorauric acid is used in photography for toning the silver image.
* Gold(III) chloride is used as a catalyst in organic chemistry. It is also the usual starting point for making other gold compounds.
* Disodium aurothiomalate is a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (administered intramuscularly). It inhibits lymphocyte proliferation, lysosomal enzyme release, the release of reactive oxygen species from macrophages, and IL-1 production. However, it can also cause photosensitive rashes, gastrointestinal disturbance, and kidney damage.
* The gold isotope Au-198, (half-life: 2.7 days) is used in some cancer treatments and for treating other diseases.
* Gold is used as a coating enabling biological material to be viewed under a scanning electron microscope.
* Many competitions and honors, such as the Olympics and the Nobel Prize, award a gold medal to the winner (with silver to the second-place finisher, and bronze to the third.)
* Since it is a good reflector of both infrared and visible light, it is used for the protective coatings on many artificial satellites.
* Gold flake is used on and in some gourmet sweets and drinks. Having no reactivity it adds no taste but is taken as a delicacy.
* White gold (an alloy of gold with platinum, palladium, nickel, and/or zinc) serves as a substitute for platinum.
* Green gold (a gold/silver alloy) is used in specialized jewelry while gold alloys with copper (reddish color) are more widely used for that purpose.

Gold has been known and highly valued since prehistoric times. It may have been the first metal used by humans and was valued for ornamentation and rituals. Egyptian hieroglyphs from as early as 2600 BC describe gold, whose king Tushratta of the Mitanni claimed was as "common as dust" in Egypt. Egypt and Nubia had the resources to make them major gold-producing areas for much of history. Gold is also mentioned several times in the Old Testament. The south-east corner of the Black Sea was famed for its gold. Exploitation is said to date from the time of Midas, and this gold was important in the establishment of what is probably the world's earliest coinage in Lydia between 643 and 630 BC.

The European exploration of the Americas was fueled in no small part by reports of the gold ornaments displayed in great profusion by Native American peoples, especially in Central America, Peru, and Colombia.

Gold has long been considered one of the most precious metals, and its value has been used as the standard for many currencies (known as the gold standard) in history. Gold has been used as a symbol for purity, value, royalty, and particularly roles that combine these properties (see gold album).

Gold in antiquity was relatively easy to obtain geologically; however, 75% of all gold ever produced has been extracted since 1910. It has been estimated that all the gold in the world that has ever been refined would form a single cube 20 m (66 ft) a side.

The primary goal of the alchemists was to produce gold from other substances, such as lead — presumably by the interaction with a mythical substance called the philosopher's stone. Although they never succeeded in this attempt, the alchemists promoted an interest in what can be done with substances, and this laid a foundation for today's chemistry. Their symbol for gold was the circle with a point at its center, which was also the astrological symbol, the Egyptian hieroglyph and the ancient Chinese character for the Sun.

During the 19th century gold rushes occurred whenever large gold deposits were discovered, including the California, Colorado, Otago, Australia, Witwatersrand, Black Hills, and Klondike gold rushes.

Because of its historically high value, much of the gold mined throughout history is still in circulation in one form or another.

Mercury, also called quicksilver, is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Hg (from the Greek hydrargyrum, for watery (or liquid) silver) and atomic number 80. A heavy, silvery, transition metal, mercury is one of only two elements (and the only metal) that are liquid at room temperature (the other is bromine). Mercury is used in thermometers, barometers and other scientific apparatuses. Mercury is mostly obtained by reduction from the mineral cinnabar.

Mercury is a relatively poor conductor of heat but is a good conductor of electricity.

Mercury easily forms alloys with almost all common metals, including gold, aluminium, and silver, but not iron. Tellurium forms an alloy also, but it reacts slowly to form mercury telluride. Any of these alloys is called an amalgam.

This metal also has uniform volumetric thermal expansion, is less reactive than zinc and cadmium and does not displace hydrogen from acids. Common oxidation states of this element are +1 and +2. Rare instances of +3 mercury compounds exist.

The commercial unit for handling mercury is the "flask," which weighs 76 lb (34.5 kg).

Mercury is used primarily for the manufacture of industrial chemicals or for electrical and electronic applications. It is used in some thermometers, especially ones which are used to measure high temperatures (Non-prescription sale of mercury fever thermometers was banned by a number of different states and localities). Other uses:

* Mercury sphygmomanometers (banned in some states and hospitals).
* Thimerosal, an organic compound used as a preservative in vaccines and tattoo inks (Thimerosal in vaccines).
* Mercury barometers, diffusion pumps, coulometers, and many other laboratory instruments. As an opaque liquid with a very high density, it is ideal for this role
* The triple point of mercury, -38.8344 °C, is a fixed point used as a temperature standard for the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90).
* In some gaseous electron tubes, mercury arc rectifier
* Gaseous mercury is used in mercury-vapor lamps and some "neon sign" type advertising signs and fluorescent lamps.
* Mercury was once used in the amalgamation process of refining gold and silver ores. The practice is continued by the garimpeiros (gold miners) of the Amazon basin in Brazil.
* Mercury is still used in some cultures for folk medicine and ceremonial purposes which may involve ingestion, injection, or the sprinkling of elemental mercury around the home.

Miscellaneous uses: mercury switches, mercury cells for sodium hydroxide and chlorine production, electrodes in some types of electrolysis, batteries (mercury cells), and catalysts, herbicides (discontinued in 1995), insecticides, dental amalgams/preparations and liquid mirror telescopes.

Historical uses: preserving wood, developing daguerreotypes, silvering mirrors, anti-fouling paints (discontinued in 1990), cleaning, and in road leveling devices in cars. Mercury compounds have been used in antiseptics, laxatives, antidepressants, and antisyphilitics. It was also allegedly used by allied spies to sabotage german planes. A mercury paste was applied on bare aluminum, causing the metal to rapidly corrode. This would cause the planes to mysteriously fall apart.

Mercury was known to the ancient Chinese and Hindus and was found in Egyptian tombs that date from 1500 BCE. In China, India and Tibet, mercury use was thought to prolong life, heal fractures, and maintain generally good health. The ancient Greeks used mercury in ointments and the Romans used it in cosmetics. By 500 BCE mercury was used to make amalgams with other metals.

The Indian word for alchemy is "Rassayana" which means ‘the way of mercury.’ Alchemists often thought of mercury as the first matter from which all metals were formed. Different metals could be produced by varying the quality and quantity of sulfur contained within the mercury. An ability to transform mercury into any metal resulted from the essentially mercurial quality of all metals. The purest of these was gold, and mercury was required for the transmutation of base (or impure) metals into gold. This was a primary goal of alchemy, either for material or spiritual gain.

Hg is the modern chemical symbol for mercury. It comes from hydrargyrum, a Latinized form of the Greek word hydrargyros, which is a compound word meaning 'water' and 'silver' — since it is liquid, like water, and yet has a silvery metallic sheen. The element was named after the Roman god Mercury, known for speed and mobility. It is associated with the planet Mercury. The astrological symbol for the planet is also one of the alchemical symbols for the metal (left). Mercury is the only metal for which the alchemical planetary name became the common name.

From the mid-18th to the mid-19th centuries, a process called "carroting" was used in the making of felt hats. Animal skins were rinsed in an orange solution of the mercury compound mercuric nitrate, Hg(NO3)2•2H2O. This process separated the fur from the pelt and matted it together. This solution and the vapors it produced were highly toxic. Its use resulted in widespread cases of mercury poisoning among hatters. Symptoms included tremors, emotional lability, insomnia, dementia and hallucinations. The United States Public Health Service banned the use of mercury in the felt industry in December 1941. The psychological symptoms associated with mercury poisoning may have inspired the simile "mad as a hatter", and thereby the Mad Hatter of Alice in Wonderland fame.

Elemental mercury is the main ingredient in dental amalgams. Controversy over the health effects from the use of mercury amalgams began shortly after its introduction into the western world, nearly 200 years ago. In 1843, The American Society of Dental Surgeons, concerned about mercurial poisoning, required its members to sign a pledge that they would not use amalgam. In 1859, The American Dental Association was formed by dentists who believed amalgam was, "safe and effective." The ADA, "continues to believe that amalgam is a valuable, viable and safe choice for dental patients," as written in their statement on dental amalgam . In 1993, the United States Public Health Service reported that, "amalgam fillings release small amounts of mercury vapor," but in such a small amount that it, "has not been shown to cause any … adverse health effects." In 2002, California became the first state to ban the future use of mercury fillings (effective 2006). As of 2005, the controversy continues.

Today, mercuric medicines and devices are generally considered hazardous. Neither are used to the extent they were in the past. Thermometers and sphygmomanometers containing mercury were invented in the early 18th and late 19th centuries, respectively. In the early 21st century, their use is declining and has been banned in some countries, states and medical institutions. In 2002, the U.S. Senate passed legislation to phase out the sale of non-prescription mercury thermometers. In 2003, Washington and Maine became the first states to ban mercury blood pressure devices (HCWH News release). In 2005, mercury compounds are found in some OTC medications, including, topical antiseptics, stimulant laxatives, diaper rash ointment, eye drops and nose sprays. The FDA has "inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness," of the mercury ingredients in these products.

Thallium is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Tl and atomic number 81. This soft gray malleable poor metal resembles tin but discolors when exposed to air. Thallium is highly toxic and is used in rodent and insect poisons but since it can also cause cancer, this use has been cut back or eliminated in many countries. It is also used in infrared detectors.

This metal is very soft and malleable and can be cut with a knife. When it is first exposed to air, thallium has a metallic luster but quickly tarnishes with a bluish-gray tinge that resembles lead (it is preserved by keeping it under water). A heavy layer of oxide builds up on thallium if left in air, and in the presence of water thallium hydroxide is formed.

The odorless and tasteless thallium sulfate was widely used in the past as a rat poison and ant killer. In the United States and many other countries this use is no longer allowed due to safety concerns. Other uses;

* thallium sulfide's electrical conductivity changes with exposure to infrared light therefore making this compound useful in photocells.
* thallium bromide-iodide crystals have been used as infrared optical materials.
* thallium oxide has been used to manufacture glasses that have a high index of refraction.
* used in semiconductor materials for selenium rectifiers,
* in gamma radiation detection equipment,
* high-density liquid used for sink-float separation of minerals,
* used in the treatment of ringworm and other skin infections. However this use has been limited due to the narrow margin that exists between toxicity and therapeutic benefit.
* radioactive thallium-201 is used for diagnostic purposes in nuclear medicine, particularly in stress tests used for risk stratification in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
* combined with sulfur or selenium and arsenic, thallium has been used in the production of high-density glasses that have low melting points in the range of 125 and 150 °C. These glasses have room temperature properties that are similar to ordinary glasses and are durable, insoluble in water and have unique refractive indexes.

In addition, research activity with thallium is ongoing to develop high-temperature superconducting materials for such applications as magnetic resonance imaging, storage of magnetic energy, magnetic propulsion, and electric power generation and transmission.

Thallium (Greek thallos meaning "a green shoot or twig") was discovered by Sir William Crookes in 1861 in England while he was making spectroscopic determinations for tellurium on residues from a sulfuric acid plant. The name comes from Thallium's bright green spectral emission lines. In 1862 Crookes and Claude-Auguste Lamy isolated the metal independent of each other.

Lead is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Pb (L. Plumbum) and atomic number 82. A soft, heavy, toxic and malleable poor metal, lead is bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes to dull gray when exposed to air. Lead is used in building construction, lead-acid batteries, bullets and shot, and is part of solder, pewter, and fusible alloys. Lead has the highest atomic number of all stable elements.

Lead has a bright luster and is a dense, ductile, very soft, highly malleable, bluish-white metal that has poor electrical conductivity. This true metal is highly resistant to corrosion. Because of this property, it is used to contain corrosive liquids (e.g. sulfuric acid). Lead can be toughened by adding a small amount of antimony or other metals to it. Lead is the only metal in which there is zero Thomson effect.

* Lead is a major constituent of the Lead-acid battery, used as car batteries.
* Lead was used as a white pigment in Lead paint.
* Lead is used as a coloring element in ceramic glazes.
* Lead was used for plumbing in Ancient Rome, and lead sticks were used as pencils (for the last 450 years they've been made with graphite).
* Because of its density, fishing sinkers are made from lead, as are projectiles for shotguns, handguns, and rifles.
* Lead is used in some candles to treat the wick to ensure a longer, more even burn. Because of the dangers, European and North American manufacturers use more expensive alternatives such as zinc.
* Lead is used as shielding from radiation.
* Lead glass is comprised of 12-28% lead. It changes the optical characteristics of the glass and reduces the transmission of radiation.
* Tetraethyl lead has been used in leaded fuels to reduce engine knocking. Due to health concerns, this is no longer common practice in the Western World.
* Lead is used as electrodes in the process of electrolysis

Lead has been used by humans for at least 7000 years, because it was (and continues to be) widespread and easy to extract, as well as easy to work with, being both highly malleable and ductile as well as easy to smelt. Lead was mentioned in the Book of Exodus. Alchemists thought that lead was the oldest metal and associated it with the planet Saturn. Lead pipes that bear the insignia of Roman emperors are still in service and many Roman "pigs" (ingots) of lead figure in Derbyshire lead mining history and in the history of the industry in other English centres. Lead's symbol Pb is an abbreviation of its Latin name plumbum. The English word "plumbing" also derives from this Latin root.

By the mid-1980s, a significant shift in lead end-use patterns had taken place. Much of this shift was a result of the U.S. lead consumers' compliance with environmental regulations that significantly reduced or eliminated the use of lead in nonbattery products, including gasoline, paints, solders, and water systems.

Bismuth is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Bi and atomic number 83. This heavy, brittle, white crystalline trivalent poor metal has a pink tinge and chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Most diamagnetic of all metals, bismuth has the lowest thermal conductivity of all the elements except mercury. Lead-free bismuth compounds are used in cosmetics and in medical procedures.

It is a brittle metal with a pinkish hue with an iridescent tarnish. Among the heavy metals, it is the heaviest and the only non-toxic. No other metal is more diamagnetic than bismuth, except mercury. This metal, which occurs in its native form, has a high electrical resistance and also has the highest Hall effect of any metal. When heated in air bismuth burns with a blue flame and its oxide forms yellow fumes.

Bismuth has long been thought to be unstable on theoretical grounds, but not until 2003 was this demonstrated when researchers at the Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale in Orsay, France measured the alpha emission half-life of Bi-209 to be 1.9 × 1019 years, meaning that bismuth is very slightly radioactive, with a half-life over a billion times longer than the current estimated age of the universe. Due to this phenomenal half-life, bismuth can be treated as if it is stable and non-radioactive. Ordinary food containing typical amounts of carbon 14 is many thousands of times more radioactive than bismuth, as are our own bodies. However, the radioactivity is of academic interest because bismuth is one of few elements whose radioactivity was suspected, and indeed theoretically predicted, before being detected in the lab.

Bismuth oxychloride is extensively used in cosmetics and bismuth subnitrate and subcarbonate are used in medicine. Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol®) is used as an antidiarrheal.

Some other uses are:

* Strong permanent magnets can be made from the alloy bismanol (MnBi).
* Many bismuth alloys have low melting points and are widely used for fire detection and suppression system safety devices.
* Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons.
* Bismuth is finding use as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers.
* Also used as a thermocouple material.
* A carrier for U-235 or U-233 fuel in nuclear reactors.
* Bismuth has also been used in solders. The fact that bismuth and many of its alloys expand slightly when they solidify make them ideal for this purpose.
* Bismuth subnitrate is a component of glazes that produces an iridescent luster finish.
* Bismuth is sometimes used in the production of shotgun slugs.

In the early 1990s, research began on the evaluation of bismuth as a nontoxic replacement for lead in such uses as ceramic glazes, fishing sinkers, food processing equipment, as a substitute of lead in free-machining brasses for plumbing applications and free-cutting steels for precision machining properties, used in producing malleable irons, as a catalyst for making acrylic fibres, the metal is used as a thermocouple material (has highest negativity known), carrier for uranium fuel in nuclear reactors, fire detection, extinguishing systems, cosmetics, medicine, lubricating greases, and shot for waterfowl hunting.

Polonium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Po and atomic number 84. A rare radioactive metalloid, polonium is chemically similar to tellurium and bismuth and occurs in uranium ores. Polonium had been studied for possible use in heating spacecraft.

This radioactive substance dissolves readily in dilute acids, but is only slightly soluble in alkalis. It is closely related chemically to bismuth and tellurium. Polonium is a volatile metal with 50% being vaporized in air after 45 hours at 328 K. Polonium has no stable isotopes and has over 50 potential isotopes. Polonium is extremely toxic and highly radioactive. Polonium has been found in tobacco smoke as a contaminant and in uranium ores.

When it is mixed or alloyed with beryllium, polonium can be a neutron source. Other uses;

* This element has also been used in devices that eliminate static charges in textile mills and other places. However beta sources are more commonly used and are less dangerous.
* Polonium is used on brushes that remove accumulated dust from photographic films. The polonium in these brushes is sealed and controlled thus minimizing radiation hazards.

Polonium-210

This isotope of polonium is an alpha emitter that has a half-life of 138.39 days. A milligram of this metalloid emits as many alpha particles as 5 grams of radium. A great deal of energy is released by its decay with a half a gram quickly reaching a temperature above 750 K. A few curies (gigabecquerels)of polonium-210 emit a blue glow which is caused by excitation of surrounding air. A single gram of polonium-210 generates 140 watts of heat energy. Since nearly all alpha radiation can be easily stopped by ordinary containers and upon hitting its surface releases its energy, Polonium-210 has been used as a lightweight heat source to power thermoelectric cells in artificial satellites. Because of its short halflife though polonium-210 cannot provide power for long-term space missions and has been phased out of use in this application.

Also called Radium F, polonium was discovered by Marie Sklodowska-Curie and her husband Pierre Curie in 1898 and was later named after Marie's home land of Poland. Poland at the time was under Russian, Prussian and Austrian domination, and not recognized as an independent country. It was Marie's hope that naming the element after her home land would add notoriety to its plight. Polonium may be the first element named to highlight a political controversy.

This element was the first one discovered by the Curies while they were investigating the cause of pitchblende radioactivity. The pitchblende, after removal of uranium and radium, was more radioactive than both radium and uranium put together. This spurred them on to find the element. The electroscope showed it separating from bismuth.

Astatine is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol At and atomic number 85. This radioactive element occurs naturally from uranium and thorium decay and is the heaviest of the halogens.

This highly radioactive element has been confirmed by mass spectrometers to behave chemically much like other halogens, especially iodine (it probably accumulates in the thyroid gland like iodine). Astatine is thought to be more metallic than iodine. Researchers at the Brookhaven National Laboratory have performed experiments that have identified and measured elementary reactions that involve astatine.

With the possible exception of francium, astatine is the rarest naturally occurring element with the total amount in Earth's crust estimated to be less than 1 oz (28 g) at any one time; this amounts to less than one teaspoon of the element.

Astatine (Greek astatos meaning "unstable") was first synthesized in 1940 by Dale R. Corson, K. R. MacKenzie, and Emilio Segrè of the University of California, Berkeley by barraging bismuth with alpha particles. An earlier name for the element was alabamine (Ab).

Radon is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Rn and atomic number 86. A radioactive noble gas that is formed by the disintegration of radium, radon is one of the heaviest gases and is considered to be a health hazard. The most stable isotope is Rn-222 which has a half-life of 3.8 days and is used in radiotherapy. Radon gas can accumulate in houses and cause lung cancer, causing potentially 20,000 deaths in the European Union each year.

Essentially chemically inert, but radioactive, radon is the heaviest noble gas and one of the heaviest gases at room temperature. (The heaviest is tungsten hexafluoride, WF6.) At standard temperature and pressure radon is a colorless gas but when it is cooled below its freezing point it has a brilliant phosphorescence which turns yellow as the temperature is lowered and orange-red at the temperature air liquefies.

Natural radon concentrations in Earth's atmosphere are so low that natural waters in contact with the atmosphere will continually lose radon by volatilization. Hence, ground water has a higher concentration of Rn-222 than surface water. Likewise, the saturated zone of a soil frequently has a higher radon content than the unsaturated zone due to diffusional losses to the atmosphere.

Radon is sometimes produced by a few hospitals for therapeutic use by pumping its gas from a radium source and storing it in very small tubes which are called seeds or needles. This practice is being phased-out as hospitals get seeds from suppliers who make them with the desired activity levels. Such seeds—often using radioactive forms of cobalt and caesium—also last for several years, which is a logistical advantage.

Because of its rapid loss to air, radon is used in hydrologic research that studies the interaction between ground water, streams and rivers. Any significant concentration of radon in a stream or river is a good indicator that there are local inputs of ground water.

Radon (named for radium) was discovered in 1900 by Friedrich Ernst Dorn, who called it radium emanation. In 1908 William Ramsay and Robert Whytlaw-Gray, who named it niton (Latin nitens meaning "shining"; symbol Nt), isolated it, determined its density and that it was the heaviest known gas. It has been called radon since 1923.

Francium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Fr and atomic number 87. This is a highly radioactive alkali metal that is found in uranium and thorium ores.

This element, which was named for France, was discovered in 1939 by Marguerite Perey of the Curie Institute in Paris. Francium is the heaviest alkali metal and occurs as a result of actinium's alpha decay and can be artificially made by bombarding thorium with protons.

Even though it naturally occurs in uranium minerals, it has been estimated that there might be less than 30 grams of francium in the crust of the earth at any one time. It is the most unstable element among the first 101 and has the highest equivalent weight of any element.

There are 41 known isotopes of francium. With a 22-minute half life, the longest lived isotope of this element is 223Fr which is a daughter isotope of 227Ac and is the only isotope of francium that occurs naturally. All known isotopes of francium are highly unstable, therefore knowledge of the properties of this element only comes from radiochemical procedures.

A small number of pictures of francium have been taken but only of at the most 200,000 atoms at a time. The pictures were taken by trapping the atoms and using a special fluorescent imaging camera.

Radium is a chemical element, which has the symbol "Ra" and atomic number 88 .Its appearance is almost pure white, but it blackens on exposure to air. Radium is an alkaline earth metal that is found in trace amounts in uranium ores. It is extremely radioactive. Its most stable isotope, Ra-226, has a half-life of 1602 years and decays into radon gas.

The heaviest of the alkaline earth metals, radium is intensely radioactive and resembles Barium chemically. This metal is found (combined) in minute quantities in the uranium ore pitchblende, and various other uranium minerals. Radium preparations are remarkable for maintaining themselves at a higher temperature than their surroundings, and for their radiations, which are of three kinds: alpha rays, beta rays, and gamma rays. Radium also produces neutrons when mixed with beryllium.

When freshly prepared, pure radium metal is brilliant white, but blackens when exposed to air (probably due to nitride formation). Radium is luminescent (giving a faint blue color), corrodes in water to form radium hydroxide and is a bit more volatile than barium.

Some of the practical uses of radium are derived from its radiative properties. More recently discovered radioisotopes, such as cobalt-60 and caesium-137, are replacing radium in even these limited uses because several of these are much more powerful and others are safer to handle.

* Formerly used in self-luminous paints for watches, clocks and instrument dials. More than 100 former watch dial painters who used their lips to shape the paintbrush died from the radiation. Soon afterward, the adverse effects of radioactivity were popularized. Radium was still used in dials as late as the 1950's. Objects painted with this paint may still be dangerous, and must be handled properly. Currently, tritium is used instead of radium.
* When mixed with Beryllium it is a Neutron source for physics experiments.
* Radium (usually in the form of radium chloride) is used in medicine to produce radon gas which in turn is used as a cancer treatment.
* One unit for radioactivity, the non-SI curie, is based on the radioactivity of radium-226.

Radium (Latin radius, ray) was discovered by Marie Curie and her husband Pierre in 1898 in pitchblende/uraninite from North Bohemia. While studying pitchblende the Curies removed uranium from it and found that the remaining material was still radioactive. They then separated out a radioactive mixture mostly consisting of barium which gave a brilliant red flame color and spectral lines which had never been documented before. In 1902 radium was isolated into its pure metal by Curie and Andre Debierne through the electrolysis of a pure radium chloride solution by using a mercury cathode and distilling in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas.

Historically the decay products of radium were known as Radium A, B, C, etc. These are now known to be isotopes of other elements as follows:

Radium emanation - radon-222
Radium A - polonium-218
Radium B - lead-214
Radium C - bismuth-214
Radium C1 - polonium-214
Radium C2 - thallium-210
Radium D - lead-210
Radium E - bismuth-210
Radium F - polonium 210

On February 4, 1936 radium E became the first radioactive element to be made synthetically.

During the 1930s it was found that worker exposure to radium by handling luminescent paints caused serious health effects which included sores, anemia and bone cancer. This use of radium was stopped soon afterward. This is because radium is treated as calcium by the body, and deposited in the bones, where radioactivity degrades marrow and can mutate bone cells. Handling of radium has since been blamed for Marie Curie's premature death.

Actinium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ac and atomic number 89.

Actinium is a silvery radioactive metallic element. Due to its intense radioactivity, Actinium glows in the dark with an eerie blue light. It is found only in traces in uranium ores as 227-Ac, an α and β emitter with a half-life of 21.773 years. One ton of uranium ore contains about a tenth of a gram of actinium.

It is about 150 times as radioactive as radium, making it valuable as a neutron source. Otherwise it has no significant industrial applications.

Actinium-225 is used in medicine to produce Bi-213 in a reusable generator or can be used alone as an agent for radio-immunotherapy.

Actinium was discovered in 1899 by André-Louis Debierne, a French chemist, who separated it from pitchblende. Friedrich Otto Giesel independently discovered actinium in 1902. The chemical behavior of actinium is similar to that of the rare earth lanthanum.

The word actinium comes from the Greek aktis, aktinos, meaning beam or ray.

Actinium is found in trace amounts in uranium ore, but more commonly is made in milligram amounts by the neutron irradiation of 226-Ra in a nuclear reactor. Actinium metal has been prepared by the reduction of actinium fluoride with lithium vapor at about 1100 to 1300ºC.

Thorium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Th and atomic number 90.

Thorium is a naturally occurring, slightly radioactive metal. When pure, thorium is a silvery white metal that retains its lustre for several months. However, when it is contaminated with the oxide, thorium slowly tarnishes in air, becoming grey and eventually black. Thorium oxide (ThO2), also called thoria, has one of the highest boiling points of all oxides (3300°C). When heated in air, thorium metal turnings ignite and burn brilliantly with a white light.

Applications of thorium:

* Mantles in portable gas lights. These mantles glow with a dazzling light when heated in a gas flame.
* As an alloying element in magnesium, imparting high strength and creep resistance at elevated temperatures.
* Thorium is used to coat tungsten wire used in electronic equipment.
* Thorium has been used in welding electrodes and heat-resistant ceramics.
* The oxide is used to control the grain size of tungsten used for electric lamps.
* The oxide is used for high-temperature laboratory crucibles.
* Thorium oxide added to glass helps create glasses of a high refractive index and with low dispersion. Consequently, they find application in high quality lenses for cameras and scientific instruments.
* Thorium oxide has been used as a catalyst:
o In the conversion of ammonia to nitric acid.
o In petroleum cracking.
o In producing sulfuric acid.
* Uranium-thorium age dating has been used to date hominid fossils.
* As a fertile material for producing nuclear fuel. In particular, the proposed energy amplifier reactor design would employ thorium. Since thorium is more abundant than uranium, some designs of nuclear reactor incorporate thorium in their nuclear fuel cycle.
* Thorium dioxide (ThO2) is the active ingredient of Thorotrast, which was used as part of X-ray diagnostics. This use has been abandoned due to the carcinogenic nature of Thorotrast.

Thorium was discovered in 1828 by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, who named it after Thor, the Norse god of lightning. The metal had virtually no uses until the invention of the lantern mantle in 1885. The name Ionium was used for a thorium isotope early in the study of radioactivity.

Protactinium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Pa and atomic number 91.

Protactinium is a silver metallic element that belongs to the actinide group, with a bright metallic luster that it retains for some time in the air. It is superconductive at temperatures below 1.4 K.

Due to its scarcity, high radioactivity and toxicity, there are currently no uses for protactinium outside of basic scientific research.

Protactinium was first identified in 1913, when Kasimir Fajans and O. H. Göhring encountered short-lived isotope 234m-Pa, with a half-life of about 1.17 minutes, during their studies of the decay chain of 238-U. They gave the new element the name Brevium (Latin brevis, brief, short); the name was changed to Protoactinium in 1918 when two groups of scientists (Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner of Germany and Frederick Soddy and John Cranston of the UK) independently discovered 231-Pa, and shortened to Protactinium in 1949.

Aristid V. Grosse prepared 2 mg of Pa2O5 in 1927, and later on managed to isolate Protactinium for the first time in 1934 from 0.1 mg of Pa2O5, first converting the oxide to an iodide and then cracking it in a high vacuum by an electrically heated filament by the reaction 2PaI5 → 2Pa + 5I2.

In 1961, the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority was able to produce 125 g of 99.9% pure protactinium, processing 60 tons of waste material in a 12-stage process and spending 500,000 USD; this was the world's only supply of the element for many years to come, and it is reported that the metal was sold to laboratories for a cost of 2,800 USD / g in the following years.

Uranium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol U and atomic number 92. Heavy, silvery-white, toxic, metallic, and naturally-radioactive, uranium belongs to the actinide series and its isotope 235U is used as the fuel for nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. Uranium is commonly found in very small amounts in rocks, soil, water, plants, and animals (including humans).

When refined, uranium is a silvery white, weakly radioactive metal, which is slightly softer than steel. It is malleable, ductile, and slightly paramagnetic. Uranium metal has very high density, 65% more dense than lead. When finely divided, it can react with cold water; in air, uranium metal becomes coated with uranium oxide. Uranium in ores can be extracted and chemically converted into uranium dioxide or other chemical forms usable in industry.

Uranium metal has three allotropic forms:

* alpha (orthorhombic) stable up to 667.7 °C
* beta (tetragonal) stable from 667.7 °C to 774.8 °C
* gamma (body-centered cubic) from 774.8 °C to melting point - this is the most malleable and ductile state.

Its two principal isotopes are 235U and 238U. Naturally-occurring uranium also contains a small amount of the 234U isotope, which is a decay product of 238U. The isotope 235U is important for both nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons because it is the only isotope existing in nature to any appreciable extent that is fissile, that is, fissionable by thermal neutrons. The isotope 238U is also important because it absorbs neutrons to produce a radioactive isotope that subsequently decays to the isotope 239Pu (plutonium), which also is fissile.

The artificial 233U isotope is also fissile and is made from 232thorium by neutron bombardment.

Uranium was the first element that was found to be fissile, i.e. upon bombardment with slow neutrons, its 235U isotope becomes the very short lived 236U, that immediately divides into two smaller nuclei, liberating energy and more neutrons. If these neutrons are absorbed by other 235U nuclei, a nuclear chain reaction occurs, and if there is nothing to absorb some neutrons and slow the reaction, it is explosive. The first atomic bomb worked by this principle (nuclear fission). A more accurate name for both this and the hydrogen bomb (nuclear fusion) would be "nuclear weapon", because only the nuclei participate.

Uranium metal is very dense and heavy. Depleted uranium (almost pure 238U with less than 0.2% 235U) is used by some militaries as shielding to protect tanks, and also in parts of bullets, kinetic energy penetrators and missiles, as it is extremely dense. The military also uses enriched uranium (more than natural levels of 235U) to power nuclear propelled navy ships and submarines, and in nuclear weapons. Fuel used for United States Navy reactors is typically highly enriched in 235U (the exact values are classified information). In nuclear weapons uranium is also highly enriched, usually over 90% (again, the exact values are classified information) to a level known as "weapons grade".

The main use of uranium in the civilian sector is to fuel commercial nuclear power plants, where fuel is typically enriched in 235U to 2-3%. However, the Canadian Candu reactors use natural unenriched uranium as fuel. Depleted uranium is used in helicopters and airplanes as counterweights on certain wing parts. Other uses include;

* Ceramic glazes where small amounts of natural uranium (that is, not having gone through the enrichment process) may be added for color.
* Addition of uranium makes fluorescent yellow or green colored glass.
* The long half-life of the isotope 238U (4.51 × 109 years) make it well-suited for use in estimating the age of the earliest igneous rocks and for other types of radiometric dating (including uranium-thorium dating and uranium-lead dating).
* 238U is converted into plutonium in breeder reactors. Plutonium can be used in reactors, or in nuclear weapons.
* Uranyl acetate, UO2(CH3COO)2 is used in analytical chemistry. It forms an insoluble salt with sodium.
* Some lighting fixtures utilize uranium, as do some photographic chemicals (esp. uranium nitrate).
* Phosphate fertilizers often contain high amounts of natural uranium, because the mineral material from which they are made is typically high in uranium.
* Uranium metal is used for X-ray targets in making of high-energy X-rays.
* Its high atomic mass makes U-238 suitable for radiation shielding.
* Due its high density, the element has found use in inertial guidance devices and in gyroscopic compasses; see uses of depleted uranium.

The use of uranium, in its natural oxide form, dates back to at least 79 AD, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes (yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found near Naples, Italy).

The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth who in 1789 found uranium as part of the mineral called pitchblende. It was named after the planet Uranus, which had been discovered eight years earlier by William Herschel. It was first isolated as a metal in 1841 by Eugene-Melchior Peligot. In 1850 the first commercial use of Uranium in glass was developed by Lloyd & Summerfield of Birmingham England. Uranium was found to be radioactive by French physicist Henri Becquerel in 1896, who first discovered the process of radioactivity with uranium minerals.

During the Manhattan Project, the wartime Allied program to develop the first atomic bombs during World War II, uranium gained new importance on the world political scene. Before the discovery of plutonium, only uranium was considered for the development of an atomic bomb, though the process of enriching it to applicable levels required gargantuan facilities. Eventually enough uranium was enriched for one atomic bomb, which was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan in 1945. The other nuclear weapons developed during the war used plutonium as their fissionable material, which itself requires uranium to produce. Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, though within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.

Neptunium is a synthetic element in the periodic table that has the symbol Np and atomic number 93. A silvery radioactive metallic element, neptunium is the first transuranic element and belongs to the actinide series. Its most stable isotope, neptunium-237 is a by-product of nuclear reactors and plutonium production and it can be used as a component in neutron detection equipment. Neptunium is also found in trace amounts in uranium ores.

Silvery in appearance, neptunium metal is fairly chemically reactive and is found in at least three structural modifications:

* alpha-neptunium, orthorhombic, density 20,250 kg/m3,
* beta-neptunium (above 280oC), tetragonal, density (313 oC) 19,360 kg/m3, and
* gamma-neptunium (above 577oC), cubic, density (600oC) 18,000 kg/m3.

This element has four ionic oxidation states while in solution:

* Np+3 (pale purple), analogous to the rare earth ion Pm+3,
* Np+4 (yellow green);
* NpO2+ (green blue): and
* NpO2++ (pale pink).

Neptunium forms tri- and tetrahalides such as NpF3, NpF4, NpCl4, NpBr3, NpI3, and oxides of the various compositions such as are found in the uranium-oxygen system, including Np3O8 and NpO2.

Neptunium (named for the planet Neptune) was first discovered by Edwin McMillan and Philip Abelson in 1940. The discovery was made at the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory of the University of California, Berkeley where the team produced the neptunium isotope Np-239 (2.4 day half-life) by bombarding uranium with accelerated neutrons. It was the first transuranium element produced synthetically and the first actinide series transuranium element discovered.

Plutonium is a radioactive, metallic, chemical element. It has the symbol Pu and the atomic number 94. Its atomic weight is 244.06, its density 19,816 kg/m³. It is the element used in most modern nuclear weapons. The most important, albeit not most stable, isotope of plutonium is 239Pu, with a half-life of 24,110 years. Plutonium is silvery in pure form, but has a yellow tarnish when oxidized. Peculiarly, the metal goes through phases of contraction as its temperature is increased.The heat given off by alpha particle emission makes plutonium warm to the touch in reasonable quantities; larger amounts can boil water. It displays four ionic oxidation states in aqueous solution:

* Pu3+ (blue lavender)
* Pu4+ (yellow brown)
* PuO2+ (pink orange)
* PuO+ (thought to be pink; this ion is unstable in solution and will disproportionate into Pu4+ and PuO2+; the Pu4+ will then oxidize the remaining PuO+ to PuO2+, being reduced in turn to Pu3+. Thus, aqueous solutions of plutonium tend over time towards a mixture of Pu3+ and PuO2+.)

The isotope Plutonium-239 is a key fissile component in modern nuclear weapons, due to its ease of fissioning and availability. The critical mass for an unreflected sphere of plutonium is 16 kg, but through the use of a neutron reflecting tamper the pit of plutonium in a fission bomb is reduced to 10 kg, which is a sphere with a diameter of 10 cm. Complete detonation of plutonium will produce an explosion of 20 kilotons per kilogram.

Plutonium could also be used to manufacture radiological weapons or as a (not particularly deadly) poison.

The plutonium isotope 238Pu is an alpha emitter with a half-life of 87 years. These characteristics make it well suited for electrical power generation for devices which must function without direct maintenance for timescales approximating a human lifetime. It is therefore used in RTGs such as those powering the Galileo and Cassini space probes; earlier versions of the same technology powered seismic experiments on the Apollo Moon missions.

238Pu has been used successfully to power artificial heart pacemakers, to reduce the risk of repeated surgery. It has been largely replaced by lithium-based batteries recharged by induction, but as of 2003 there were somewhere between 50 and 100 plutonium-powered pacemakers still implanted and functioning in living patients.

Plutonium was discovered in 1941 by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg, Edwin M. McMillan, J. W. Kennedy, and A. C. Wahl by deuteron bombardment of uranium in the 60-inch cyclotron of the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, but the discovery was kept secret. It was named after the planet Pluto, having been discovered directly after neptunium (which itself was one higher on the periodic table than uranium), by analogy with the ordering of the planets in the solar system. During the Manhattan Project, large reactors were set up in Hanford, Washington for the production of plutonium, which was used in two of the first atomic bombs (the first was tested at Trinity site, the second dropped on Nagasaki, Japan).

Large stockpiles of plutonium were built up by both the old Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War—it was estimated that 300,000 kg of plutonium had been accumulated by 1982. Since the end of the Cold War, these stockpiles have become a focus of nuclear proliferation concerns. In 2002, the United States Department of Energy took possession of 34 metric tons of excess weapons grade plutonium stockpiles from the United States Department of Defense, and as of early 2003 was considering converting several nuclear power plants in the US from enriched uranium fuel to MOX fuel as a means of disposing of these.

During the initial years after the discovery of plutonium, when its biological and physical properties were very poorly understood, a series of human radiation experiments were performed by the U.S. government and by private organizations acting on its behalf. From the time of April 1945 to July 1947, 18 men, women, and children were deliberately injected with solutions containing various concentrations of plutonium by doctors working with the Manhattan Project. Though the injections were only to occur in what were percieved by the doctors as terminally ill patients at the hospital, in at least one instance this was not the case and the injections, in all cases, were conducted without any kind of informed consent from the subjects of the experiment. The episode is considered today, to be a gross violation of human rights and of the Hippocratic Oath, and is widely regarded as one of the darkest chapters in 20th-century American medical history.

Americium is a synthetic element in the periodic table that has the symbol Am and atomic number 95. A radioactive metallic element, americium is an actinide that was obtained by bombarding plutonium with neutrons and was the fourth transuranic element to be discovered. It was named for the Americas, by analogy with europium.

Freshly prepared americium metal has a white and silvery luster (more silvery than plutonium or neptunium) and at room temperatures it slowly tarnishes in dry air. Alpha emission from Am-241 is approximately three times radium. Gram quantities of Am-241 emit intense gamma rays which creates a serious exposure problem for anyone handling the element.

This element can be produced in kilogram amounts and has some uses (mostly Am-241 since it is easier to produce relatively pure samples of this isotope). Americium has found its way into the household, where one type of smoke detector contains a tiny amount of Am-241 as a source of ionizing radiation. Am-241 has been used as a portable gamma ray source for use in radiography. The element has also been employed to gauge glass thickness to help create flat glass. Am-242 is a neutron emitter and has found uses in neutron radiography. However this isotope is extremely expensive to produce in usable quantities.

Americium was first synthesized by Glenn T. Seaborg, Leon O. Morgan, Ralph A. James, and Albert Ghiorso in late 1944 at the wartime Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago (now known as Argonne National Laboratory). The team created the isotope Am-241 by subjecting plutonium-239 to successive neutron capture reactions in a nuclear reactor. This created Pu-240 and then Pu-241 which in turn decayed into Am-241 via beta decay. Seaborg was granted patent 3,156,523 for "Element 95 and Method of Producing Said Element".

Curium is a synthetic element in the periodic table that has the symbol Cm and atomic number 96. A radioactive metallic transuranic element of the actinide series, curium is produced by bombarding plutonium with alpha particles (helium ions) and was named for Marie Curie and her husband Pierre.

The isotope curium-248 has been synthesized only in milligram quantities, but curium-242 and curium-244 are made in multigram amounts, which allows for the determination of some of the element's properties. Curium-244 can be made in quantity by subjecting plutonium to neutron bombardment. Very small amounts of curium may exist in uranium ore as a daughter product of natural decay. There are few commercial applications for curium but it may one day be useful in radioisotope thermoelectric generators. Curium bio-accumulates in bone tissue where its radiation destroys bone marrow and thus stops red blood cell creation.

A rare earth homolog, curium is somewhat chemically similar to gadolinium but with a more complex crystal structure. Chemically reactive, its metal is silvery-white in color and the element is more electropositive than aluminium (most trivalent curium compounds are slightly yellow). Curium-242 is useful as a portable energy source due to the fact that it can generate around 2 watts of thermal energy per gram. It is used in pacemakers, remote navigational buoys, and in space missions.

Several curium compounds have been produced. They include: curium dioxide (CmO2), curium trioxide (Cm2O3), curium bromide (CmBr3), curium chloride (CmCl3), curium tetrafluoride (CmF4) and curium iodide (CmI3).

Curium was first synthesized at the University of California, Berkeley and by Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, and Albert Ghiorso in 1944. The team named the new element after Marie Curie and her husband Pierre who are famous for discovering radium and for their work in radioactivity. It was chemically identified at the Metallurgical Laboratory (now Argonne National Laboratory) at the University of Chicago. It was actually the third transuranium element to be discovered even though it is the second in the series. Curium-242 (half-life 163 days) and one free neutron were made by bombarding alpha particles onto a plutonium-239 target in the 60-inch cyclotron at Berkeley. Louis Werner and Isadore Perlman created a visible sample of curium-242 hydroxide at the University of California in 1947 by bombarding americium-241 with neutrons. Curium was made in its elemental form in 1951 for the first time.

Berkelium was first synthesized by Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso, Stanley G. Thompson, and Kenneth Street, Jr at the University of California, Berkeley in December 1949. The team used a cyclotron to bombard a milligram-sized target of americium-241 with alpha particles to produce berkelium-243 (half-life 4.5 hours) and two free neutrons. One of the longest lived isotopes of the element, berkelium-249 (half-life 320 days), was later synthesized by subjecting a curium-244 target with an intense beam of neutrons.

Californium is a synthetic element in the periodic table that has the symbol Cf and atomic number 98. A radioactive transuranic element, californium has very few uses and was discovered by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium ions).

Weighable amounts of californium make it possible to determine some of its properties using macroscopic quantities.

Californium-252 (half-life 2.6 years) is a very strong neutron emitter and is thus extremely radioactive and harmful (one microgram spontaneously emits 170 million neutrons per minute). The decay of californium-254 (55-day half-life) may have been detected through telescopes in supernovae remnants. Californium-249 is formed from the beta decay of berkelium-249 and most other californium isotopes are made by subjecting berkelium to intense neutron radiation in a nuclear reactor.

The element does have some specialist applications dealing with its radioactivity but otherwise is largely too difficult to produce to have useful significance as a material. Two of its few uses;

* in neutron moisture gauges which are in turn used to find water and petroleum layers in oil wells and
* as a portable neutron source in gold and silver prospecting via on-the-spot activation analysis.

As of 2004, californium has not been isolated in its metallic form. The only californium ion that is stable in aqueous solution is californium (III). Californium has no biological role and only a few californium compounds have been made and studied. Included among these are: californium oxide (CfO3), californium trichloride (CfCl3) and californium oxychloride (CfOCl).

Californium-251 is famous for having a very small critical mass, high lethality, and short period of toxic environmental irradiation relative to radioactive elements commonly used for radiation explosive weaponry, creating speculation about possible use in pocket nukes although this urban legend is unfounded since it would be very difficult to make a Californium-251 bomb weighing less than 2 kg and the costs of such a bomb would be prohibitive. Other weaponry uses, such as showering an area with Californium, are not impossible but are seen as inhumane and are subject to inclement weather conditions and porous terrain considerations. Often cited as a consideration is the cost of producing Californium en masse, but the cost citations are usually due to extra fees that laboratory materials companies insert for sake of caution and market needs. A government needn't consider these as prohibitive.

Californium was first synthesized by University of California, Berkeley researchers Stanely Thompson, Kenneth Street, Jr., Albert Ghiorso and Glenn T. Seaborg in 1950. It was the sixth transuranium element to be discovered and the team announced their discovery on March 17, 1950. It was named after the U.S. state of California and for the University of California, Berkeley (which is nicknamed "Cal").

To produce element 98, the team bombarded a microgram-sized target of curium-242 with 35 MeV alpha particles in the 60-inch Berkeley cyclotron which produced atoms of californium-245 (half-life 44 minutes) and a free neutron.

Einsteinium is a synthetic element in the periodic table that has the symbol Es and atomic number 99. A metallic highly radioactive transuranic element (7th in the series) in the actinides, einsteinium is produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons and was discovered in the debris of the first hydrogen bomb test. It was named after Albert Einstein and has no known uses. Tracer studies using the isotope Es-253 show that einsteinium has chemical properties typical of a heavy trivalent, actinide element. Einsteinium has 99 protons, 99 electrons and 153 neutrons.

Einsteinium was first identified in December 1952 by Albert Ghiorso at the University of California, Berkeley and another team headed by G.R. Choppin at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Both were examining debris from the first hydrogen bomb test of November, 1952. They discovered the isotope einsteinium-253 (half-life 20.5 days) that was made by the nuclear fusion of 15 neutrons with uranium-238 (which then went through seven beta decays). These findings were kept secret until 1955 due to Cold War tensions, however.

In 1961, enough einsteinium was synthesized to prepare a macroscopic amount of Es-253. This sample weighed about 0.01 mg and was measured using a special balance. The material produced was used to produce mendelevium. Further einsteinium has been produced at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor in Tennessee by bombarding plutonium-239 with neutrons. Around 3 mg was created over a four year program of irradiation and then chemical separation from a starting 1 kg of plutonium isotope.

20 radioisotopes of einsteinium have been characterized, with the most stable being Es-252 with a half-life of 471.7 days, Es-254 with a half-life of 275.7 days, Es-255 with a half-life of 39.8 days, and Es-253 with a half-life of 20.47 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lifes that are less than 40 hours, and the majority of these have half lifes that are less than 30 minutes. This element also has 3 meta states, with the most stable being Es-254m (t½ 39.3 hours). The isotopes of einsteinium range in atomic weight from 241.0686620 amu (Es-241) to 257.0959790 amu (Es-257).

Fermium is a synthetic element in the periodic table that has the symbol Fm and atomic number 100. A highly radioactive metallic transuranic element of the actinide series, fermium is made by bombarding plutonium with neutrons and is named after nuclear physicist Enrico Fermi.

Only small amounts of fermium have ever been produced or isolated. Thus relatively little is known about its chemical properties. Only the (III) oxidation state of the element appears to exist in aqueous solution. Fermium-254 and heavier isotopes can be synthesized by intense neutron bombardment of lighter elements (especially uranium and plutonium). During this, successive neutron captures mixed with beta decays build the fermium isotope. The intense neutron bombardment conditions needed to create fermium exist in thermonuclear explosions and can be replicated in the laboratory (such as in the High Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory). The synthesis of element 102 (nobelium) was confirmed when fermium-250 was chemically identified. There are no known uses of fermium outside of basic research. Fermium is the eighth transuranic element.

Fermium (after Enrico Fermi) was first discovered by a team led by Albert Ghiorso in 1952. The team found fermium-255 in the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion (see Operation Ivy). That isotope was created when uranium-238 combined with 17 neutrons in the intense temperature and pressure of the explosion (eight beta decays also occurred to create the element). The work was overseen by the University of California Radiation Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, and Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory.

All these findings were kept secret until 1955 due to Cold War tensions, however. In late 1953 and early 1954 a team from the Nobel Institute of Physics in Stockholm bombarded a uranium-238 target with oxygen-16 ions, producing an alpha-emitter with an atomic weight of ~250 and with 100 protons (in other words, element 100-250). The Nobel team did not claim discovery but the isotope they produced was later positively identified as fermium-250.

Mendelevium (also known as unnilunium) is a synthetic element in the periodic table with the symbol Md (formerly Mv) and the atomic number 101. A metallic radioactive transuranic element of the actinides, mendelevium is synthesized by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles and was named after Dmitri Mendeleev.

Researchers have shown that mendelevium has a moderately stable dipositive (II) oxidation state in addition to the more characteristic (for actinide elements) tripositive (III) oxidation state. Md-256 has been used to find out some of the chemical properties of this element while in an aqueous solution. There are no other uses of mendelevium and only trace amounts of the element have ever been produced.

Mendelevium (for Dmitri Mendeleyev, surname commonly spelt as Mendeleev, Mendeléef, or even Mendelejeff, and first name sometimes spelt as Dmitry or Dmitriy) was first synthesized by Albert Ghiorso (team leader), Glenn T. Seaborg, Bernard Harvey, and Greg Choppin in early 1955. The team produced Md-256 (half-life of 76 minutes) when they bombarded an einsteinium-253 target with alpha particles (helium nuclei) in the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory's 60-inch cyclotron (Md-256 was synthesized one-atom-at-a-time). Element 101 was the ninth transuranic element synthesized.

Nobelium, also known as unnilbium, is a synthetic element in the periodic table that has the symbol No and atomic number 102. A radioactive metallic transuranic element in the actinide series, nobelium is synthesized by bombarding curium with carbon ions. It was first identified by a team led by Albert Ghiorso and Glenn T. Seaborg in 1958.

Little is known about nobelium and only small quantities of it have ever been produced. It has no uses whatsoever outside of the laboratory. Its most stable isotope, nobelium-259, has a half-life of 58 minutes and decays to fermium-255 through alpha decay or to mendelevium-259 through electron capture.

Nobelium (named for Alfred Nobel) was first synthesized by Albert Ghiorso, Glenn T. Seaborg, John R. Walton and Torbjørn Sikkeland in April 1958 at the University of California, Berkeley. The team used the new heavy-ion linear accelerator (HILAC) to bombard a curium target (95% Cm-244 and 4.5% Cm-246) with carbon-12 ions to make nobelium-254 (half-life 55 seconds). Their work was confirmed by Soviet researchers in Dubna.

A year earlier, however, physicists at the Nobel Institute in Sweden announced that they had synthesized an isotope of element 102. The team reported that they created an isotope with a half-life of 10 minutes at 8.5 MeV after bombarding curium-244 with carbon-13 nuclei. Based on this report, the Commission on Atomic Weights of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry assigned and accepted the name nobelium and the symbol No for the "new" element. Subsequent Russian and American efforts to repeat the experiment failed.

In 1966 researchers at UC Berkeley confirmed the 1958 experiments and went on to show the existence of nobelium-254 (half-life 55 s), nobelium-252 (half-life 2.3 s), and nobelium-257 (half-life 23 s). The next year Ghiorso's group decided to retain the name nobelium for element 102.

Nobelium was the most recent element "of which the news had come to Harvard" when Tom Lehrer wrote "The Elements Song" and was therefore the element with the highest atomic number to be included.

Lawrencium (Unniltrium, Unt) is a synthetic element in the periodic table that has the symbol Lr and atomic number 103. A short-lived radioactive transuranic rare earth element, lawrencium is synthesized from californium and has no known uses.

The appearance of this element is unknown, however it is most likely silvery-white or gray and metallic. If sufficient amounts of lawrencium were produced, it would pose a radiation hazard. Very little is known about the chemical properties of this element but some preliminary work on a few atoms has indicated that it behaves similarly to the actinides.

Element 103 is a d-block element analogous to lutetium and therefore is increasingly being placed with the other d-block elements in the transition metal chemical series, but it is still most often grouped with the actinides in the periodic table.

Lawrencium was discovered by Albert Ghiorso, Torbjørn Sikkeland, Almon Larsh and Robert M. Latimer on February 14, 1961 at the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory (now called Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) on the University of California, Berkeley campus. It was produced by bombarding a 3 milligram target composed of three isotopes of californium with boron-10 and B-11 ions in the Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (HILAC).

The transmutation nuclei became electrically charged, recoiled with a helium atmosphere and were collected on a thin copper conveyor tape. This tape was then moved in order to place the collected atoms in front of a series of solid-state detectors. The Berkeley team reported that the isotope 103-257 was detected in this manner and decayed by emitting an 8.6 MeV alpha particle with a half-life of 4.2 seconds.

In 1967, researchers in Dubna, Russia reported that they were not able to confirm an alpha emitter with a half-life of 4.2 seconds as 103-257. This assignment has since been changed to Lr-258 or Lr-259. Eleven isotopes of element 103 have been synthesized with Lr-262 being the longest lived with a half-life of 216 minutes (it decays into nobelium-256). The isotopes of lawrencium decay via alpha emission, spontaneous fission and electron capture (in order of most to least common types).

The origin of the name, preferred by the American Chemical Society, is in reference to Ernest O. Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron. The symbol Lw was originally used but in 1963 it was changed to Lr. In August 1997 the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) ratified the name lawrencium and symbol Lr during a meeting in Geneva.

Rutherfordium (Eka-Hafnium) is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Rf and atomic number 104. This is a highly radioactive synthetic element whose most stable isotope has a half life of less than 70 seconds. This element therefore is not used for anything and little is known about it. Rutherfordium is the first transactinide element and it is predicted to have chemical properties similar to hafnium.

Rutherfordium (named in honor of Lord Rutherford of Nelson) was reportedly first synthesized in 1964 at the Joint Nuclear Research Institute at Dubna (U.S.S.R.). Researchers there bombarded plutonium with accelerated 113 to 115 MeV neon ions and claimed that they detected nuclear fission tracks in a special type of glass with a microscope which indicated the presence of a new element.

In 1969 researchers at the University of California, Berkeley synthesized the element by subjecting californium-249 and carbon-12 to high energy collisions. The UC group also stated that they could not reproduce the earlier synthesis by Soviet scientists.

This resulted in an element naming controversy; Since the Soviets claimed that it was first detected in Dubna, Dubnium (Db) was suggested, as was Kurchatovium and symbol Ku for element 104, in honor of Igor Vasilevich Kurchatov (1903-1960), former Head of Soviet Nuclear Research. The Americans, however, proposed Rutherfordium (symbol Rf) for the new element to honor Ernest Rutherford, a noted nuclear physicist from New Zealand. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) adopted Unnilquadium (symbol Unq) as a temporary name for this element. However in 1997 they resolved the dispute and adopted the current name.

Dubnium (formerly also called Eka-Tantalum, Hahnium and Unnilpentium) is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Db and atomic number 105. This is a highly radioactive synthetic element whose most stable isotope has a half life of 16 hours (dubnium-268). This relatively high stability compared to the surrounding elements on the periodic table gives evidence that by manipulating the number of neutrons in a nucleus, one can alter the stabilities of such nuclei.

Dubnium (named after Dubna, Russia) was reportedly first synthesized in 1967 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia (reportedly producing element 105-260 and element 105-261 by bombarding americium-243 with neon-22). In late April 1970 researchers led by Albert Ghiorso working at the University of California, Berkeley had positively identified element 105.

The American team synthesized the element by bombarding a target californium-249 with a beam of 84 MeV nitrogen nuclei in the Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (a particle accelerator), which produced element 105-260 with a half-life of 1.6 seconds. Atoms of element 105 were detected conclusively on March 5, 1970 but there is evidence that this element had already been formed at Berkeley a year earlier using the same method.

The Berkeley scientists later tried to confirm the Soviet findings using more sophisticated methods but were not successful. They proposed that the new element should be named hahnium (symbol Ha) in honor of the late German scientist Otto Hahn. Consequently this was the name that most American and Western European scientists used.

An element naming controversy erupted over what to name this element after Russian researchers protested. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) thus adopted unnilpentium (symbol Unp) as a temporary name for this element. However in 1997 they resolved the dispute and adopted the current name, dubnium (symbol Db), after the city that contains the Russian Joint Institute for Nuclear Research.

Seaborgium (Eka-Tungsten) is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Sg and atomic number 106. It was also known as "unnilhexium" (Unh), and at one time "rutherfordium" was suggested. Seaborgium is a synthetic element whose most stable isotope 266Sg has a half-life of 21 seconds. Its chemistry resembles that of tungsten.

Element 106 was discovered almost simultaneously by two different laboratories. In June 1974, a Soviet team led by G. N. Flerov at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research at Dubna reported producing an isotope with mass number 259 and a half-life of 0.48 s, and in September 1974, an American research team led by Albert Ghiorso at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley reported creating an isotope with mass number 263 and a half-life of 1.0 s.

Because their work was independently confirmed first, the Americans suggested the name seaborgium to honor the American chemist Glenn T. Seaborg. This name was extremely controversial because Seaborg was still alive. An international committee decided in 1992 that the Berkeley and Dubna laboratories should share credit for the discovery.

An element naming controversy erupted and as a result IUPAC adopted unnilhexium (symbol Unh) as a temporary name for this element. In 1994 a committee of IUPAC recommended that element 106 be named rutherfordium and adopted a rule that no element can be named after a living person. This ruling was fiercely objected to by the American Chemical Society. Critics pointed out that a precedent had been set in the naming of einsteinium during Albert Einstein's life. In 1997, as part of a compromise involving elements 104 to 108, the name seaborgium for element 106 was recognized internationally.

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ActionScript [AS1/AS2]

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		countryHeader2_txt._visible = false;
		countryHeader3_txt._visible = false;
		countryHeader4_txt._visible = false;
		gotoAndStop ("frmGame");
	}
	function GameOver() {
		incorrectTxt_mc2.removeMovieClip();
		countryTextbox._visible = false;
		var gend_time = getTimer();
		gotoAndStop ("frmScore");
	}
	function TranslateValue(mcNum) {
		var _local2 = mcNum;
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < gChoices.length) {
			if (gChoicesRegion[_local2] == gNames[_local1]) {
				gNewNumb = _local1;
				_local1 = gChoices.length;
			}
			_local1++;
		}
	}
	function RedToWhite() {
		var _local3 = 0;
		while (_local3 < gChoices.length) {
			var _local1 = this[("e" + (_local3 + 1)) + "_mc"];
			var _local2 = new Color(_local1);
			if (_local2.getRGB() == 16711680) {
				_local1.enabled = true;
				_local2.setRGB(16777215);
			}
			_local3++;
		}
	}
	function ScoreForScreenCorrect() {
		gScoreText = (gCorrectCount + "/") + gNumTries;
		score = Math.round((gCorrectCount / gNumTries) * 100);
		gScoreText2 = score + "%";
		TimeT = Math.round((getTimer() - gStartTime) / 1000);
		gScoreText3 = TimeT + " Secs";
	}
	function ScoreForScreenInCorrect() {
		gScoreText = (gCorrectCount + "/") + (gNumTries + 1);
		score = Math.round((gCorrectCount / (gNumTries + 1)) * 100);
		gScoreText2 = score + "%";
		TimeT = Math.round((getTimer() - gStartTime) / 1000);
		gScoreText3 = TimeT + " Secs";
	}
	function exitGame() {
		var _local1 = _root;
		if (mode == "standalone") {
			_local1.content_mc.unloadMovie();
			_local1.logo_mc._visible = true;
			_local1.tool_mc._visible = true;
			_local1.menu_txt._visible = true;
			_local1.scroll_mc._visible = true;
			_local1.gContentSized = false;
			_local1.titlebar_mc.titlebar_txt.text = "Sheppard Software - Periodic Table of the Elements Learning Games Menu";
		} else {
			getURL ("javascript:window.close();");
		}
	}
	function countryFlash() {
		clipnameForFlash.flash_tf = true;
		var _local1 = new Color(clipnameForFlash);
		getCountryNumber(String(clipnameForFlash));
		if (countryFlashCount_int == null) {
			countryFlashCount_int = 1;
			_local1.setRGB(0);
		} else {
			countryFlashCount_int++;
		}
		if (countryFlashCount_int <= 100) {
			if (_local1.getRGB() == 0) {
				_local1.setRGB(16776960);
				dropClip_color_hitArea.setRGB(16776960);
			} else {
				_local1.setRGB(0);
				dropClip_color_hitArea.setRGB(0);
			}
		} else {
			clipnameForFlash.flash_tf = false;
			delete countryFlashCount_int;
			clearInterval(countryFlash_interval);
			delete countryFlash_interval;
		}
	}
	function DisableClips() {
		var _local3 = this;
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < gChoices.length) {
			var _local2 = _local3[("e" + (_local1 + 1)) + "_mc"];
			_local2.enabled = false;
			_local1++;
		}
	}
	function EnableWhiteClips() {
		var _local2 = 0;
		while (_local2 < gChoices.length) {
			var _local1 = this[("e" + (_local2 + 1)) + "_mc"];
			var _local3 = new Color(_local1);
			if (_local3.getRGB() == 16777215) {
				_local1.enabled = true;
			}
			_local2++;
		}
	}
	function InvisibleCheckBox() {
		count = 0;
		while (count < gChoicesRegion.length) {
			checkboxPlacement_mc["checkbox" + count]._visible = false;
			count++;
		}
	}
	function VisibleCheckBox() {
		count = 0;
		while (count < gChoicesRegion.length) {
			checkboxPlacement_mc["checkbox" + count]._visible = true;
			count++;
		}
	}
	gChoices = ["Hydrogen", "Helium", "Lithium", "Beryllium", "Boron", "Carbon", "Nitrogen", "Oxygen", "Fluorine", "Neon", "Sodium", "Magnesium", "Aluminum", "Silicon", "Phosphorus", "Sulfur", "Chlorine", "Argon", "Potassium", "Calcium", "Scandium", "Titanium", "Vanadium", "Chromium", "Manganese", "Iron", "Cobalt", "Nickel", "Copper", "Zinc", "Gallium", "Germanium", "Arsenic", "Selenium", "Bromine", "Krypton", "Rubidium", "Strontium", "Yttrium", "Zirconium", "Niobium", "Molybdenum", "Technetium", "Ruthenium", "Rhodium", "Palladium", "Silver", "Cadmium", "Indium", "Tin", "Antimony", "Tellurium", "Iodine", "Xenon", "Cesium", "Barium", "Lanthanum", "Cerium", "Praseodymium", "Neodymium", "Promethium", "Samarium", "Europium", "Gadolinium", "Terbium", "Dysprosium", "Holmium", "Erbium", "Thulium", "Ytterbium", "Lutetium", "Hafnium", "Tantalum", "Tungsten", "Rhenium", "Osmium", "Iridium", "Platinum", "Gold", "Mercury", "Thallium", "Lead", "Bismuth", "Polonium", "Astatine", "Radon", "Francium", "Radium", "Actinium", "Thorium", "Protactinium", "Uranium", "Neptunium", "Plutonium", "Americium", "Curium", "Berkelium", "Californium", "Einsteinium", "Fermium", "Mendelevium", "Nobelium", "Lawrencium", "Rutherfordium", "Dubnium", "Seaborgium"];
	gNames = ["Hydrogen", "Helium", "Lithium", "Beryllium", "Boron", "Carbon", "Nitrogen", "Oxygen", "Fluorine", "Neon", "Sodium", "Magnesium", "Aluminum", "Silicon", "Phosphorus", "Sulfur", "Chlorine", "Argon", "Potassium", "Calcium", "Scandium", "Titanium", "Vanadium", "Chromium", "Manganese", "Iron", "Cobalt", "Nickel", "Copper", "Zinc", "Gallium", "Germanium", "Arsenic", "Selenium", "Bromine", "Krypton", "Rubidium", "Strontium", "Yttrium", "Zirconium", "Niobium", "Molybdenum", "Technetium", "Ruthenium", "Rhodium", "Palladium", "Silver", "Cadmium", "Indium", "Tin", "Antimony", "Tellurium", "Iodine", "Xenon", "Cesium", "Barium", "Lanthanum", "Cerium", "Praseodymium", "Neodymium", "Promethium", "Samarium", "Europium", "Gadolinium", "Terbium", "Dysprosium", "Holmium", "Erbium", "Thulium", "Ytterbium", "Lutetium", "Hafnium", "Tantalum", "Tungsten", "Rhenium", "Osmium", "Iridium", "Platinum", "Gold", "Mercury", "Thallium", "Lead", "Bismuth", "Polonium", "Astatine", "Radon", "Francium", "Radium", "Actinium", "Thorium", "Protactinium", "Uranium", "Neptunium", "Plutonium", "Americium", "Curium", "Berkelium", "Californium", "Einsteinium", "Fermium", "Mendelevium", "Nobelium", "Lawrencium", "Rutherfordium", "Dubnium", "Seaborgium"];
	var gMass = ["1.0079", "4.0026", "6.9412", "9.0121", "10.811", "12.010", "14.006", "15.999", "18.998", "20.179", "22.989", "24.305", "26.981", "28.085", "30.973", "32.066", "35.452", "39.948", "39.098", "40.078", "44.955", "47.867", "50.941", "51.996", "54.938", "55.845", "58.933", "58.693", "63.546", "65.392", "69.723", "72.612", "74.921", "78.96", "79.904", "83.801", "85.467", "87.621", "88.905", "91.224", "92.906", "95.941", "97.907", "101.072", "102.905", "106.42", "107.868", "112.411", "114.818", "118.710", "121.760", "127.603", "126.904", "131.292", "132.905", "137.327", "138.905", "140.116", "140.907", "144.243", "145.00", "150.363", "151.964", "157.253", "158.925", "162.50", "164.930", "167.259", "168.934", "173.043", "174.967", "178.492", "180.947", "183.84", "186.207", "190.233", "192.217", "195.078", "196.966", "200.592", "204.383", "207.21", "208.980", "208.982", "209.987", "222.017", "223.019", "226.025", "227.027", "232.038", "231.035", "238.028", "237.048", "244.064", "243.061", "247.070", "247.070", "251.079", "252.083", "257.095", "258.098", "259.101", "262.110", "263.112", "262.114", "266.121"];
	gCaps = ["H", "He", "Li", "Be", "B", "C", "N", "O", "F", "Ne", "Na", "Mg", "Al", "Si", "P", "S", "Cl", "Ar", "K", "Ca", "Sc", "Ti", "V", "Cr", "Mn", "Fe", "Co", "Ni", "Cu", "Zn", "Ga", "Ge", "As", "Se", "Br", "Kr", "Rb", "Sr", "Y", "Zr", "Nb", "Mo", "Tc", "Ru", "Rh", "Pd", "Ag", "Cd", "In", "Sn", "Sb", "Te", "I", "Xe", "Cs", "Ba", "La", "Ce", "Pr", "Nd", "Pm", "Sm", "Eu", "Gd", "Tb", "Dy", "Ho", "Er", "Tm", "Yb", "Lu", "Hf", "Ta", "W", "Re", "Os", "Ir", "Pt", "Au", "Hg", "Tl", "Pb", "Bi", "Po", "At", "Rn", "Fr", "Ra", "Ac", "Th", "Pa", "U", "Np", "Pu", "Am", "Cm", "Bk", "Cf", "Es", "Fm", "Md", "No", "Lr", "Rf", "Db", "Sg"];
	gState = [1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3];
	gRegions = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2];
	gRegionsSeries = [0, 11, 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 1, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 1, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 9, 10];
	gRegionsNames = ["Hydrogen", "Alkali Metal", "Alkali Earth Metal", "Lanthanide", "Actinide", "Transition Metal", "Boron Group", "Carbon Group", "Nitrogen Group", "Oxygen Group", "Halogen", "Noble Gas"];
	gColors = [8, 10, 1, 2, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 10, 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 1, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 9, 10, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, 9, 10, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 9, 10];
	gNumber_Of_Regions = 2;
	gNumber_Of_Questions = 20;
	Wikipedia_copyright = "All text in this blurb is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.";
	NextQuestion_btn._visible = false;
	ShowScores_btn._visible = false;
	briefInstructions_txt.background = true;
	briefInstructions_txt.backgroundColor = 13434879 /* 0xCCFFFF */;
	seriesName_txt.text = "";
	atomicbox_mc._visible = false;
	PastSongNumber = 0;
	song = new Sound();
	song.attachSound("M_error");
	song1 = new Sound();
	song1.attachSound("good1_sound");
	song2 = new Sound();
	song2.attachSound("great2_sound");
	song3 = new Sound();
	song3.attachSound("right1_sound");
	song4 = new Sound();
	song4.attachSound("right5_sound");
	song5 = new Sound();
	song5.attachSound("yes2_sound");
	song6 = new Sound();
	song6.attachSound("M_error");
	data_mc._visible = false;
	gameHelp_btn.onRelease = function () {
		ins_ok_btn._visible = true;
		white_space_mc._visible = true;
	};
	if (saved_audioMuted_tf) {
		speakerBtn_mc.gotoAndStop("_off");
		audioMuted_tf = true;
	} else {
		speakerBtn_mc.gotoAndStop("_on");
		audioMuted_tf = false;
	}
	pronounciationSound = new Sound();
	if (audioMuted_tf == null) {
		var audioMuted_tf = false;
	}
	speakerBtn_mc.onRelease = function () {
		audioMuted_tf = !audioMuted_tf;
		if (audioMuted_tf) {
			this.gotoAndStop("_off");
		} else {
			this.gotoAndStop("_on");
		}
	};
	if (FirstGame_tf == null) {
		All_Countries_tf = true;
		normalPlay_tf = false;
		FirstGame_tf = false;
	} else {
		FComboBox.setSelectedIndex(gNumber_Of_Regions);
		ins_ok_btn._visible = false;
		white_space_mc._visible = false;
	}
	All_Countries_mc.onRelease = function () {
		All_Countries_tf = !All_Countries_tf;
		if (All_Countries_tf == false) {
			this.gotoAndStop("_on");
			FComboBox.setSelectedIndex(0);
			briefInstructions_txt.htmlText = "<p align=\"center\">Pick a region using the <b>Region Pulldown Menu</b> </p>";
		} else {
			this.gotoAndStop("_off");
			FComboBox.setSelectedIndex(gNumber_Of_Regions);
		}
	};
	feedBackDropShadow_mc.onEnterFrame = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (incorrect_txt._visible == true) {
			_local1._x = incorrect_txt._x + 2;
			_local1._width = incorrect_txt._width;
			_local1._y = incorrect_txt._y + 2;
			_local1._height = incorrect_txt._height;
			_local1._visible = true;
		} else {
			_local1._visible = false;
		}
	};
	feedBackDropShadow_mc.onMouseMove = function () {
		if ((incorrect_txt._visible = true)) {
			incorrect_txt._visible = false;
		}
	};
	if (normalPlay_tf) {
		radioSpeed.setValue("slow");
	} else {
		radioSpeed.setValue("fast");
	}
	NextQuestion_btn.onRelease = function () {
		incorrect_txt._visible = false;
		hand_NQ_mc._visible = false;
		NextQuestion_btn._visible = false;
		EnableWhiteClips();
		ClipEnabledFlag_tf = true;
		getChoice();
	};
	ShowScores_btn.onRelease = function () {
		GameOver();
	};
	ins_ok_btn.onRelease = function () {
		ins_ok_btn._visible = false;
		white_space_mc._visible = false;
		VisibleCheckBox();
		if (gamecount == null) {
			gamecount = true;
			FComboBox.setSelectedIndex(gNumber_Of_Regions);
		}
	};
	gameHelp_btn.onRelease = function () {
		ins_ok_btn._visible = true;
		white_space_mc._visible = true;
		InvisibleCheckBox();
	};
	stop();
Instance of Symbol 741 MovieClip [FScrollBarSymbol] in Frame 2
//component parameters
onClipEvent (initialize) {
	_targetInstanceName = "blurb_textbox_txt";
	horizontal = false;
}
Instance of Symbol 758 MovieClip [FRadioButtonSymbol] in Frame 2
//component parameters
onClipEvent (initialize) {
	label = "Fast, Without Blurbs";
	initialState = false;
	groupName = "radioSpeed";
	data = "fast";
	labelPlacement = "right";
	changeHandler = "radioSpeedHandler";
}
Instance of Symbol 758 MovieClip [FRadioButtonSymbol] in Frame 2
//component parameters
onClipEvent (initialize) {
	label = "Slow, With Blurbs";
	initialState = false;
	groupName = "radioSpeed";
	data = "slow";
	labelPlacement = "right";
	changeHandler = "radioSpeedHandler";
}
Instance of Symbol 783 MovieClip [FComboBoxSymbol] "FComboBox" in Frame 2
//component parameters
onClipEvent (initialize) {
	editable = false;
	labels = [];
	labels[0] = "Please select a group...";
	labels[1] = "Common Elements";
	labels[2] = "All Elements";
	data = [];
	data[0] = 0;
	data[1] = 1;
	data[2] = 2;
	rowCount = 3;
	changeHandler = "ComboBox_handler";
}
Instance of Symbol 783 MovieClip [FComboBoxSymbol] in Frame 2
//component parameters
onClipEvent (initialize) {
	editable = false;
	rowCount = 8;
	changeHandler = "";
}
Instance of Symbol 904 MovieClip [FScrollPaneSymbol] in Frame 2
//component parameters
onClipEvent (initialize) {
	scrollContent = "";
	hScroll = "auto";
	vScroll = "auto";
	dragContent = false;
}
Frame 3
	function createTextColumn(container_mc, instanceName_str, depth_int, x_int, y_int, text_str, url_str) {
		container_mc.createTextField(instanceName_str, depth_int, x_int, y_int, 0, 0);
		var _local1 = container_mc[instanceName_str];
		if (url_str != null) {
			_local1.html = true;
			review_TextFormat.bold = false;
			review_TextFormat.color = 255;
			review_TextFormat.underline = true;
			review_TextFormat.target = _blank;
			review_TextFormat.url = url_str;
		} else {
			_local1.html = false;
			review_TextFormat.bold = true;
			review_TextFormat.color = 0;
			review_TextFormat.underline = false;
		}
		_local1.autoSize = true;
		_local1.selectable = false;
		_local1.setNewTextFormat(review_TextFormat);
		_local1.text = text_str;
	}
	FScrollBar._visible = false;
	standalone = true;
	if (standalone == null) {
		websitelink_txt.htmlText = "<a href=\"sheppardsoftware.com/periodictable_purchase.htm\"><p align=\"center\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"15\"><b>Click here to purchase all 9 of our Periodic Table games for only $19.99!</b> </a>";
	} else {
		websitelink_txt.htmlText = "<a href=\"sheppardsoftware.com/web_games_menu.htm\"><p align=\"center\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"20\"><b>Click here for more great games from Sheppard Software!</b> </a>";
	}
	checkboxPlacement_mc._visible = false;
	var review_TextFormat = new TextFormat(globalStyleFormat.textFont, globalStyleFormat.textSize);
	gStoredCorrectCount = gCorrectCount;
	var RegionNames = ["Common Elements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;", "All elements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"];
	GameNumber = GameNumber + 1;
	saved_audioMuted_tf = audioMuted_tf;
	var scoreText = ((gCorrectCount + "/") + gNumTries);
	if (regionNumber == 5) {
		scoreText = scoreText + "&nbsp;";
		if (gCorrectCount < 10) {
			scoreText = scoreText + "&nbsp;";
		}
	} else if (regionNumber == 7) {
		scoreText = scoreText + "&nbsp;";
		if (gCorrectCount < 10) {
			scoreText = scoreText + "&nbsp;";
		}
	} else {
		scoreText = scoreText + "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;";
	}
	var scorePcText = (score + "%&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;");
	if (score == 100) {
		scorePcText = score + "%&nbsp;&nbsp;";
	}
	var gameNumber_str = ("#" + GameNumber.toString());
	if (GameNumber < 10) {
		gameNumber_str = gameNumber_str + "&nbsp;";
	}
	var TimeT_str = (TimeT.toString() + "&nbsp;");
	if (TimeT < 100) {
		TimeT_str = TimeT_str + "&nbsp;";
	}
	if (TimeT < 10) {
		TimeT_str = TimeT_str + "&nbsp;";
	}
	resultsString = (((((((("<p>" + gameNumber_str) + "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;") + RegionNames[regionNumber - 1]) + scoreText) + "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;") + scorePcText) + "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;") + TimeT_str) + "secs</p>";
	TotalResultsString = resultsString + StoredResultsString;
	results_textbox_txt.htmlText = "<p><b>Trial&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Region Name&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Score&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;% Correct&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Time</b></p>" + TotalResultsString;
	StoredResultsString = TotalResultsString;
	if (results_textbox_txt.maxscroll > 1) {
		FScrollBar._visible = true;
	}
	var col2X_int = (FScrollPane.getPaneWidth() / 2);
	var headerCount = 9999;
	var headerY_int = (reviewText_0._y + reviewText_0.textHeight);
	createTextColumn(this, "countryHeader1_txt", headerCount++, reviewText_0._x, headerY_int, "Element");
	createTextColumn(this, "countryHeader2_txt", headerCount++, col2X_int + 5, headerY_int, "Symbol");
	headerY_int = reviewText_1._y + reviewText_1.textHeight;
	createTextColumn(this, "countryHeader3_txt", headerCount++, reviewText_1._x, headerY_int, "Element");
	createTextColumn(this, "countryHeader4_txt", headerCount++, col2X_int + 5, headerY_int, "Symbol");
	this.createEmptyMovieClip("missedItems_mc", 1);
	missedItems_mc._visible = false;
	this.createEmptyMovieClip("correctItems_mc", 2);
	correctItems_mc._visible = false;
	if (gInCorrectCount == 0) {
		var noneIncorrect_str = "Great job! You did not miss any!";
		createTextColumn(missedItems_mc, "noIncorrect_txt", 1, 0, 0, noneIncorrect_str);
	} else {
		var count = 1;
		while (count <= gInCorrectCount) {
			TranslateValue(gIncorrect[Count]);
			var y_int = 0;
			if (count > 1) {
				var prev_txt = missedItems_mc[("country" + (count - 1)) + "_txt"];
				y_int = prev_txt._y + prev_txt._height;
			}
			createTextColumn(missedItems_mc, ("country" + count) + "_txt", count, 0, y_int, gNames[gNewNumb], gLinks[gNewNumb]);
			createTextColumn(missedItems_mc, ("capital" + count) + "_txt", count + (gInCorrectCount + 1), col2X_int, y_int, gCaps[gNewNumb], gCapLinks[gNewNumb]);
			count++;
		}
	}
	FScrollPane.setScrollContent(missedItems_mc);
	missedItems_mc._visible = true;
	var count = 1;
	while (count <= gCorrectCount) {
		TranslateValue(gCorrect[Count]);
		var y_int = 0;
		if (count > 1) {
			var prev_txt = correctItems_mc[("country" + (count - 1)) + "_txt"];
			y_int = prev_txt._y + prev_txt._height;
		}
		createTextColumn(correctItems_mc, ("country" + count) + "_txt", count, 0, y_int, gNames[gNewNumb], gLinks[gNewNumb]);
		createTextColumn(correctItems_mc, ("capital" + count) + "_txt", count + (gCorrectCount + 1), col2X_int, y_int, gCaps[gNewNumb], gCapLinks[gNewNumb]);
		count++;
	}
	FScrollPane2.setScrollContent(correctItems_mc);
	correctItems_mc._visible = true;
	printScores_btn.onRelease = function () {
		var _local1 = new Date();
		var _local2 = _local1.getMinutes();
		if (_local1.getMinutes() < 10) {
			_local2 = "0" + _local1.getMinutes();
		}
		if (_local1.getHours() < 12) {
			var _local3 = ((_local1.getHours() + ":") + _local2) + " AM";
		} else if (_local1.getHours() == 12) {
			var _local3 = ("12:" + _local2) + " PM";
		} else {
			var _local3 = (((_local1.getHours() - 12) + ":") + _local2) + " PM";
		}
		print_mc.createTextField("print_txt", 1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
		print_txt = print_mc.print_txt;
		print_txt.autoSize = true;
		print_txt.html = true;
		var print_str = "<p><font face=\"Courier New\" size=\"15\"><b>Periodic Table of the Elements - Level One - All  ";
		print_str = print_str + ((((((((_local1.getMonth() + 1) + "/") + _local1.getDate()) + "/") + _local1.getFullYear()) + " - ") + _local3) + "</b></font></p><p>&nbsp;</p>");
		print_txt.htmlText = print_str + results_textbox_txt.htmlText;
		print ("print_mc", "bmovie");
	};
Instance of Symbol 904 MovieClip [FScrollPaneSymbol] "FScrollPane" in Frame 3
//component parameters
onClipEvent (initialize) {
	scrollContent = "";
	hScroll = "false";
	vScroll = "auto";
	dragContent = false;
}
Instance of Symbol 904 MovieClip [FScrollPaneSymbol] "FScrollPane2" in Frame 3
//component parameters
onClipEvent (initialize) {
	scrollContent = "";
	hScroll = "false";
	vScroll = "auto";
	dragContent = false;
}
Instance of Symbol 741 MovieClip [FScrollBarSymbol] "FScrollbar" in Frame 3
//component parameters
onClipEvent (initialize) {
	_targetInstanceName = "results_textbox_txt";
	horizontal = false;
}
Symbol 17 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(shadow_mc, "shadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(darkshadow_mc, "darkshadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight_mc, "highlight");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight3D_mc, "highlight3D");
Symbol 20 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(background_mc, "background");
Symbol 23 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(background_mc, "backgroundDisabled");
Symbol 25 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(background_mc, "backgroundDisabled");
Symbol 28 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(disabled_mc, "foregroundDisabled");
Symbol 31 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(dot_mc, "radioDot");
Symbol 32 MovieClip [frb_states] Frame 1
	stop();
Symbol 32 MovieClip [frb_states] Frame 2
	stop();
Symbol 32 MovieClip [frb_states] Frame 3
	stop();
Symbol 32 MovieClip [frb_states] Frame 4
	stop();
Symbol 32 MovieClip [frb_states] Frame 5
	stop();
Symbol 35 MovieClip [FLabelSymbol] Frame 1
	#initclip 2
	_global.FLabelClass = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (_local1.hostComponent == undefined) {
			_local1.hostComponent = ((_local1._parent.controller == undefined) ? (_local1._parent) : (_local1._parent.controller));
		}
		if (_local1.customTextStyle == undefined) {
			if (_local1.hostComponent.textStyle == undefined) {
				_local1.hostComponent.textStyle = new TextFormat();
			}
			_local1.textStyle = _local1.hostComponent.textStyle;
			_local1.enable = true;
		}
	};
	FLabelClass.prototype = new MovieClip();
	Object.registerClass("FLabelSymbol", FLabelClass);
	FLabelClass.prototype.setLabel = function (label) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = _local1.hostComponent.styleTable.embedFonts.value;
		if (_local2 != undefined) {
			_local1.labelField.embedFonts = _local2;
		}
		_local1.labelField.setNewTextFormat(_local1.textStyle);
		_local1.labelField.text = label;
		_local1.labelField._height = _local1.labelField.textHeight + 2;
	};
	FLabelClass.prototype.setSize = function (width) {
		this.labelField._width = width;
	};
	FLabelClass.prototype.setEnabled = function (enable) {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local3 = enable;
		_local2.enable = _local3;
		var _local1 = _local2.hostComponent.styleTable[(_local3 ? "textColor" : "textDisabled")].value;
		if (_local1 == undefined) {
			_local1 = (_local3 ? 0 : 8947848);
		}
		_local2.setColor(_local1);
	};
	FLabelClass.prototype.getLabel = function () {
		return(this.labelField.text);
	};
	FLabelClass.prototype.setColor = function (col) {
		this.labelField.textColor = col;
	};
	#endinitclip
Symbol 38 MovieClip [FHighlightSymbol] Frame 1
	var component = _parent.controller;
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight_mc, "selection");
	stop();
Symbol 38 MovieClip [FHighlightSymbol] Frame 2
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight_mc2, "selectionDisabled");
	stop();
Symbol 38 MovieClip [FHighlightSymbol] Frame 3
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight_mc3, "selectionUnfocused");
	stop();
Symbol 39 MovieClip [FUIComponentSymbol] Frame 1
	#initclip 1
	function FUIComponentClass() {
		this.init();
	}
	FUIComponentClass.prototype = new MovieClip();
	FUIComponentClass.prototype.init = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local3 = _global;
		_local1.enable = true;
		_local1.focused = false;
		_local1.useHandCursor = false;
		_local1._accImpl = new Object();
		_local1._accImpl.stub = true;
		_local1.styleTable = new Array();
		if (_local3.globalStyleFormat == undefined) {
			_local3.globalStyleFormat = new FStyleFormat();
			globalStyleFormat.isGlobal = true;
			_local3._focusControl = new Object();
			_local3._focusControl.onSetFocus = function (oldFocus, newFocus) {
				oldFocus.myOnKillFocus();
				newFocus.myOnSetFocus();
			};
			Selection.addListener(_local3._focusControl);
		}
		if (_local1._name != undefined) {
			_local1._focusrect = false;
			_local1.tabEnabled = true;
			_local1.focusEnabled = true;
			_local1.tabChildren = false;
			_local1.tabFocused = true;
			if (_local1.hostStyle == undefined) {
				globalStyleFormat.addListener(_local1);
			} else {
				_local1.styleTable = _local1.hostStyle;
			}
			_local1.deadPreview._visible = false;
			_local1.deadPreview._width = (_local1.deadPreview._height = 1);
			_local1.methodTable = new Object();
			_local1.keyListener = new Object();
			_local1.keyListener.controller = _local1;
			_local1.keyListener.onKeyDown = function () {
				this.controller.myOnKeyDown();
			};
			_local1.keyListener.onKeyUp = function () {
				this.controller.myOnKeyUp();
			};
			for (var _local2 in _local1.styleFormat_prm) {
				_local1.setStyleProperty(_local2, _local1.styleFormat_prm[_local2]);
			}
		}
	};
	FUIComponentClass.prototype.setEnabled = function (enabledFlag) {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.enable = ((arguments.length > 0) ? (enabledFlag) : true);
		_local1.tabEnabled = (_local1.focusEnabled = enabledFlag);
		if ((!_local1.enable) && (_local1.focused)) {
			Selection.setFocus(undefined);
		}
	};
	FUIComponentClass.prototype.getEnabled = function () {
		return(this.enable);
	};
	FUIComponentClass.prototype.setSize = function (w, h) {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.width = w;
		_local1.height = h;
		_local1.focusRect.removeMovieClip();
	};
	FUIComponentClass.prototype.setChangeHandler = function (chng, obj) {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.handlerObj = ((obj == undefined) ? (_local1._parent) : (obj));
		_local1.changeHandler = chng;
	};
	FUIComponentClass.prototype.invalidate = function (methodName) {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.methodTable[methodName] = true;
		_local1.onEnterFrame = _local1.cleanUI;
	};
	FUIComponentClass.prototype.cleanUI = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (_local1.methodTable.setSize) {
			_local1.setSize(_local1.width, _local1.height);
		} else {
			_local1.cleanUINotSize();
		}
		_local1.methodTable = new Object();
		delete _local1.onEnterFrame;
	};
	FUIComponentClass.prototype.cleanUINotSize = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		for (var _local2 in _local1.methodTable) {
			_local1[_local2]();
		}
	};
	FUIComponentClass.prototype.drawRect = function (x, y, w, h) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = y;
		var _local3 = x;
		var inner = _local1.styleTable.focusRectInner.value;
		var outer = _local1.styleTable.focusRectOuter.value;
		if (inner == undefined) {
			inner = 16777215 /* 0xFFFFFF */;
		}
		if (outer == undefined) {
			outer = 0;
		}
		_local1.createEmptyMovieClip("focusRect", 1000);
		_local1.focusRect.controller = _local1;
		_local1.focusRect.lineStyle(1, outer);
		_local1.focusRect.moveTo(_local3, _local2);
		_local1.focusRect.lineTo(_local3 + w, _local2);
		_local1.focusRect.lineTo(_local3 + w, _local2 + h);
		_local1.focusRect.lineTo(_local3, _local2 + h);
		_local1.focusRect.lineTo(_local3, _local2);
		_local1.focusRect.lineStyle(1, inner);
		_local1.focusRect.moveTo(_local3 + 1, _local2 + 1);
		_local1.focusRect.lineTo((_local3 + w) - 1, _local2 + 1);
		_local1.focusRect.lineTo((_local3 + w) - 1, (_local2 + h) - 1);
		_local1.focusRect.lineTo(_local3 + 1, (_local2 + h) - 1);
		_local1.focusRect.lineTo(_local3 + 1, _local2 + 1);
	};
	FUIComponentClass.prototype.pressFocus = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.tabFocused = false;
		_local1.focusRect.removeMovieClip();
		Selection.setFocus(_local1);
	};
	FUIComponentClass.prototype.drawFocusRect = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.drawRect(-2, -2, _local1.width + 4, _local1.height + 4);
	};
	FUIComponentClass.prototype.myOnSetFocus = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.focused = true;
		Key.addListener(_local1.keyListener);
		if (_local1.tabFocused) {
			_local1.drawFocusRect();
		}
	};
	FUIComponentClass.prototype.myOnKillFocus = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.tabFocused = true;
		_local1.focused = false;
		_local1.focusRect.removeMovieClip();
		Key.removeListener(_local1.keyListener);
	};
	FUIComponentClass.prototype.executeCallBack = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.handlerObj[_local1.changeHandler](_local1);
	};
	FUIComponentClass.prototype.updateStyleProperty = function (styleFormat, propName) {
		this.setStyleProperty(propName, styleFormat[propName], styleFormat.isGlobal);
	};
	FUIComponentClass.prototype.setStyleProperty = function (propName, value, isGlobal) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = propName;
		if (value == "") {
		} else {
			var tmpValue = parseInt(value);
			if (!isNaN(tmpValue)) {
				value = tmpValue;
			}
			var global = ((arguments.length > 2) ? (isGlobal) : false);
			if (_local1.styleTable[_local2] == undefined) {
				_local1.styleTable[_local2] = new Object();
				_local1.styleTable[_local2].useGlobal = true;
			}
			if (_local1.styleTable[_local2].useGlobal || (!global)) {
				_local1.styleTable[_local2].value = value;
				if (_local1.setCustomStyleProperty(_local2, value)) {
				} else if (_local2 == "embedFonts") {
					_local1.invalidate("setSize");
				} else if (_local2.subString(0, 4) == "text") {
					if (_local1.textStyle == undefined) {
						_local1.textStyle = new TextFormat();
					}
					var textProp = _local2.subString(4, _local2.length);
					_local1.textStyle[textProp] = value;
					_local1.invalidate("setSize");
				} else {
					for (var j in _local1.styleTable[_local2].coloredMCs) {
						var _local3 = new Color(_local1.styleTable[_local2].coloredMCs[j]);
						if (_local1.styleTable[_local2].value == undefined) {
							var myTObj = {ra:"100", rb:"0", ga:"100", gb:"0", ba:"100", bb:"0", aa:"100", ab:"0"};
							_local3.setTransform(myTObj);
						} else {
							_local3.setRGB(value);
						}
					}
				}
				_local1.styleTable[_local2].useGlobal = global;
			}
		}
	};
	FUIComponentClass.prototype.registerSkinElement = function (skinMCRef, propName) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = propName;
		if (_local1.styleTable[_local2] == undefined) {
			_local1.styleTable[_local2] = new Object();
			_local1.styleTable[_local2].useGlobal = true;
		}
		if (_local1.styleTable[_local2].coloredMCs == undefined) {
			_local1.styleTable[_local2].coloredMCs = new Object();
		}
		_local1.styleTable[_local2].coloredMCs[skinMCRef] = skinMCRef;
		if (_local1.styleTable[_local2].value != undefined) {
			var _local3 = new Color(skinMCRef);
			_local3.setRGB(_local1.styleTable[_local2].value);
		}
	};
	_global.FStyleFormat = function () {
		var _local1 = arguments;
		var _local2 = this;
		_local2.nonStyles = {listeners:true, isGlobal:true, isAStyle:true, addListener:true, removeListener:true, nonStyles:true, applyChanges:true};
		_local2.listeners = new Object();
		_local2.isGlobal = false;
		if (_local1.length > 0) {
			for (var _local3 in _local1[0]) {
				_local2[_local3] = _local1[0][_local3];
			}
		}
	};
	_global.FStyleFormat.prototype = new Object();
	FStyleFormat.prototype.addListener = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = 0;
		while (_local2 < arguments.length) {
			var _local3 = arguments[_local2];
			_local1.listeners[arguments[_local2]] = _local3;
			for (var i in _local1) {
				if (_local1.isAStyle(i)) {
					_local3.updateStyleProperty(_local1, i.toString());
				}
			}
			_local2++;
		}
	};
	FStyleFormat.prototype.removeListener = function (component) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = component;
		_local1.listeners[_local2] = undefined;
		for (var prop in _local1) {
			if (_local1.isAStyle(prop)) {
				if (_local2.styleTable[prop].useGlobal == _local1.isGlobal) {
					_local2.styleTable[prop].useGlobal = true;
					var _local3 = (_local1.isGlobal ? undefined : (globalStyleFormat[prop]));
					_local2.setStyleProperty(prop, _local3, true);
				}
			}
		}
	};
	FStyleFormat.prototype.applyChanges = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = arguments;
		var count = 0;
		for (var i in _local1.listeners) {
			var _local3 = _local1.listeners[i];
			if (_local2.length > 0) {
				var j = 0;
				while (j < _local2.length) {
					if (_local1.isAStyle(_local2[j])) {
						_local3.updateStyleProperty(_local1, _local2[j]);
					}
					j++;
				}
			} else {
				for (var j in _local1) {
					if (_local1.isAStyle(j)) {
						_local3.updateStyleProperty(_local1, j.toString());
					}
				}
			}
		}
	};
	FStyleFormat.prototype.isAStyle = function (name) {
		return((this.nonStyles[name] ? false : true));
	};
	#endinitclip
Symbol 52 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(arrow_mc, "arrow");
	component.registerSkinElement(face_mc, "face");
	component.registerSkinElement(shadow_mc, "shadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(darkshadow_mc, "darkshadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight_mc, "highlight");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight3D_mc, "highlight3D");
Symbol 62 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(arrow_mc, "arrow");
	component.registerSkinElement(face_mc, "face");
	component.registerSkinElement(shadow_mc, "shadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(darkshadow_mc, "darkshadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight_mc, "highlight");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight3D_mc, "highlight3D");
Symbol 71 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(arrow_mc, "foregroundDisabled");
	component.registerSkinElement(face_mc, "face");
	component.registerSkinElement(shadow_mc, "shadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(darkshadow_mc, "darkshadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight_mc, "highlight");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight3D_mc, "highlight3D");
Symbol 72 MovieClip [UpArrow] Frame 1
	stop();
Symbol 72 MovieClip [UpArrow] Frame 2
	stop();
Symbol 72 MovieClip [UpArrow] Frame 3
	stop();
Symbol 78 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(shadow_mc, "shadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(darkshadow_mc, "darkshadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight_mc, "highlight");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight3D_mc, "highlight3D");
Symbol 85 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(face_mc, "face");
	component.registerSkinElement(shadow_mc, "shadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(darkshadow_mc, "darkshadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight_mc, "highlight");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight3D_mc, "highlight3D");
Symbol 90 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight3D_mc, "highlight3D");
	component.registerSkinElement(shadow_mc, "shadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(darkshadow_mc, "darkshadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight_mc, "highlight");
Symbol 91 MovieClip [ScrollThumb] Frame 1
	stop();
Symbol 99 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(arrow_mc, "arrow");
	component.registerSkinElement(face_mc, "face");
	component.registerSkinElement(shadow_mc, "shadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(darkshadow_mc, "darkshadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight_mc, "highlight");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight3D_mc, "highlight3D");
Symbol 107 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(arrow_mc, "arrow");
	component.registerSkinElement(face_mc, "face");
	component.registerSkinElement(shadow_mc, "shadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(darkshadow_mc, "darkshadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight_mc, "highlight");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight3D_mc, "highlight3D");
Symbol 115 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(arrow_mc, "foregroundDisabled");
	component.registerSkinElement(face_mc, "face");
	component.registerSkinElement(shadow_mc, "shadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(darkshadow_mc, "darkshadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight_mc, "highlight");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight3D_mc, "highlight3D");
Symbol 116 MovieClip [DownArrow] Frame 1
	stop();
Symbol 116 MovieClip [DownArrow] Frame 2
	stop();
Symbol 116 MovieClip [DownArrow] Frame 3
	stop();
Symbol 124 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(shadow_mc, "shadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(darkshadow_mc, "darkshadow");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight_mc, "highlight");
	component.registerSkinElement(highlight3D_mc, "highlight3D");
Symbol 127 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(background_mc, "background");
Symbol 130 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(background_mc, "backgroundDisabled");
Symbol 132 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(background_mc, "backgroundDisabled");
Symbol 135 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(check_mc, "foregroundDisabled");
Symbol 138 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent._parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(check_mc, "check");
Symbol 139 MovieClip [fcb_states] Frame 1
	stop();
Symbol 139 MovieClip [fcb_states] Frame 2
	stop();
Symbol 139 MovieClip [fcb_states] Frame 3
	stop();
Symbol 139 MovieClip [fcb_states] Frame 4
	stop();
Symbol 139 MovieClip [fcb_states] Frame 5
	stop();
Symbol 139 MovieClip [fcb_states] Frame 6
	stop();
Symbol 740 MovieClip Frame 1
	var component = _parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(track_mc, "scrollTrack");
Symbol 741 MovieClip [FScrollBarSymbol] Frame 1
	#initclip 6
	FScrollBarClass = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (_local1._height == 4) {
		} else {
			_local1.init();
			_local1.minPos = (_local1.maxPos = (_local1.pageSize = (_local1.largeScroll = 0)));
			_local1.smallScroll = 1;
			_local1.width = (_local1.horizontal ? (_local1._width) : (_local1._height));
			_local1._xscale = (_local1._yscale = 100);
			_local1.setScrollPosition(0);
			_local1.tabEnabled = false;
			if (_local1._targetInstanceName.length > 0) {
				_local1.setScrollTarget(_local1._parent[_local1._targetInstanceName]);
			}
			_local1.tabChildren = false;
			_local1.setSize(_local1.width);
		}
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype = new FUIComponentClass();
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.setHorizontal = function (flag) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = flag;
		if (_local1.horizontal && (!_local2)) {
			_local1._xscale = 100;
			_local1._rotation = 0;
		} else if (_local2 && (!_local1.horizontal)) {
			_local1._xscale = -100;
			_local1._rotation = -90;
		}
		_local1.horizontal = _local2;
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.setScrollProperties = function (pSize, mnPos, mxPos) {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (!_local1.enable) {
		} else {
			_local1.pageSize = pSize;
			_local1.minPos = Math.max(mnPos, 0);
			_local1.maxPos = Math.max(mxPos, 0);
			_local1.scrollPosition = Math.max(_local1.minPos, _local1.scrollPosition);
			_local1.scrollPosition = Math.min(_local1.maxPos, _local1.scrollPosition);
			if ((_local1.maxPos - _local1.minPos) <= 0) {
				_local1.scrollThumb_mc.removeMovieClip();
				_local1.upArrow_mc.gotoAndStop(3);
				_local1.downArrow_mc.gotoAndStop(3);
				_local1.downArrow_mc.onPress = (_local1.downArrow_mc.onRelease = (_local1.downArrow_mc.onDragOut = null));
				_local1.upArrow_mc.onPress = (_local1.upArrow_mc.onRelease = (_local1.upArrow_mc.onDragOut = null));
				_local1.scrollTrack_mc.onPress = (_local1.scrollTrack_mc.onRelease = null);
				_local1.scrollTrack_mc.onDragOut = (_local1.scrollTrack_mc.onRollOut = null);
				_local1.scrollTrack_mc.useHandCursor = false;
			} else {
				var _local2 = _local1.getScrollPosition();
				_local1.upArrow_mc.gotoAndStop(1);
				_local1.downArrow_mc.gotoAndStop(1);
				_local1.upArrow_mc.onPress = (_local1.upArrow_mc.onDragOver = _local1.startUpScroller);
				_local1.upArrow_mc.onRelease = (_local1.upArrow_mc.onDragOut = _local1.stopScrolling);
				_local1.downArrow_mc.onPress = (_local1.downArrow_mc.onDragOver = _local1.startDownScroller);
				_local1.downArrow_mc.onRelease = (_local1.downArrow_mc.onDragOut = _local1.stopScrolling);
				_local1.scrollTrack_mc.onPress = (_local1.scrollTrack_mc.onDragOver = _local1.startTrackScroller);
				_local1.scrollTrack_mc.onRelease = _local1.stopScrolling;
				_local1.scrollTrack_mc.onDragOut = _local1.stopScrolling;
				_local1.scrollTrack_mc.onRollOut = _local1.stopScrolling;
				_local1.scrollTrack_mc.useHandCursor = false;
				_local1.attachMovie("ScrollThumb", "scrollThumb_mc", 3);
				_local1.scrollThumb_mc._x = 0;
				_local1.scrollThumb_mc._y = _local1.upArrow_mc._height;
				_local1.scrollThumb_mc.onPress = _local1.startDragThumb;
				_local1.scrollThumb_mc.controller = _local1;
				_local1.scrollThumb_mc.onRelease = (_local1.scrollThumb_mc.onReleaseOutside = _local1.stopDragThumb);
				_local1.scrollThumb_mc.useHandCursor = false;
				_local1.thumbHeight = (_local1.pageSize / ((_local1.maxPos - _local1.minPos) + _local1.pageSize)) * _local1.trackSize;
				_local1.thumbMid_mc = _local1.scrollThumb_mc.mc_sliderMid;
				_local1.thumbTop_mc = _local1.scrollThumb_mc.mc_sliderTop;
				_local1.thumbBot_mc = _local1.scrollThumb_mc.mc_sliderBot;
				_local1.thumbHeight = Math.max(_local1.thumbHeight, 6);
				_local1.midHeight = (_local1.thumbHeight - _local1.thumbTop_mc._height) - _local1.thumbBot_mc._height;
				_local1.thumbMid_mc._yScale = (_local1.midHeight * 100) / _local1.thumbMid_mc._height;
				_local1.thumbMid_mc._y = _local1.thumbTop_mc._height;
				_local1.thumbBot_mc._y = _local1.thumbTop_mc._height + _local1.midHeight;
				_local1.scrollTop = _local1.scrollThumb_mc._y;
				_local1.trackHeight = _local1.trackSize - _local1.thumbHeight;
				_local1.scrollBot = _local1.trackHeight + _local1.scrollTop;
				_local2 = Math.min(_local2, _local1.maxPos);
				_local1.setScrollPosition(Math.max(_local2, _local1.minPos));
			}
		}
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.getScrollPosition = function () {
		return(this.scrollPosition);
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.setScrollPosition = function (pos) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = pos;
		_local1.scrollPosition = _local2;
		if (_local1.scrollThumb_mc != undefined) {
			_local2 = Math.min(_local2, _local1.maxPos);
			_local2 = Math.max(_local2, _local1.minPos);
		}
		_local1.scrollThumb_mc._y = (((_local2 - _local1.minPos) * _local1.trackHeight) / (_local1.maxPos - _local1.minPos)) + _local1.scrollTop;
		_local1.executeCallBack();
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.setLargeScroll = function (lScroll) {
		this.largeScroll = lScroll;
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.setSmallScroll = function (sScroll) {
		this.smallScroll = sScroll;
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.setEnabled = function (enabledFlag) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = enabledFlag;
		var _local3 = _local1.enable;
		if (_local2 && (!_local3)) {
			_local1.enable = _local2;
			if (_local1.textField != undefined) {
				_local1.setScrollTarget(_local1.textField);
			} else {
				_local1.setScrollProperties(_local1.pageSize, _local1.cachedMinPos, _local1.cachedMaxPos);
				_local1.setScrollPosition(_local1.cachedPos);
			}
			_local1.clickFilter = undefined;
		} else if ((!_local2) && (_local3)) {
			_local1.textField.removeListener(_local1);
			_local1.cachedPos = _local1.getScrollPosition();
			_local1.cachedMinPos = _local1.minPos;
			_local1.cachedMaxPos = _local1.maxPos;
			if (_local1.clickFilter == undefined) {
				_local1.setScrollProperties(_local1.pageSize, 0, 0);
			} else {
				_local1.clickFilter = true;
			}
			_local1.enable = _local2;
		}
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.setSize = function (hgt) {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (_local1._height == 1) {
		} else {
			_local1.width = hgt;
			_local1.scrollTrack_mc._yscale = 100;
			_local1.scrollTrack_mc._yscale = (100 * _local1.width) / _local1.scrollTrack_mc._height;
			if (_local1.upArrow_mc == undefined) {
				_local1.attachMovie("UpArrow", "upArrow_mc", 1);
				_local1.attachMovie("DownArrow", "downArrow_mc", 2);
				_local1.downArrow_mc.controller = (_local1.upArrow_mc.controller = _local1);
				_local1.upArrow_mc.useHandCursor = (_local1.downArrow_mc.useHandCursor = false);
				_local1.upArrow_mc._x = (_local1.upArrow_mc._y = 0);
				_local1.downArrow_mc._x = 0;
			}
			_local1.scrollTrack_mc.controller = _local1;
			_local1.downArrow_mc._y = _local1.width - _local1.downArrow_mc._height;
			_local1.trackSize = _local1.width - (2 * _local1.downArrow_mc._height);
			if (_local1.textField != undefined) {
				_local1.onTextChanged();
			} else {
				_local1.setScrollProperties(_local1.pageSize, _local1.minPos, _local1.maxPos);
			}
		}
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.scrollIt = function (inc, mode) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local3 = _local1.smallScroll;
		if (inc != "one") {
			_local3 = ((_local1.largeScroll == 0) ? (_local1.pageSize) : (_local1.largeScroll));
		}
		var _local2 = _local1.getScrollPosition() + (mode * _local3);
		if (_local2 > _local1.maxPos) {
			_local2 = _local1.maxPos;
		} else if (_local2 < _local1.minPos) {
			_local2 = _local1.minPos;
		}
		_local1.setScrollPosition(_local2);
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.startDragThumb = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.lastY = _local1._ymouse;
		_local1.onMouseMove = _local1.controller.dragThumb;
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.dragThumb = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.scrollMove = _local1._ymouse - _local1.lastY;
		_local1.scrollMove = _local1.scrollMove + _local1._y;
		if (_local1.scrollMove < _local1.controller.scrollTop) {
			_local1.scrollMove = _local1.controller.scrollTop;
		} else if (_local1.scrollMove > _local1.controller.scrollBot) {
			_local1.scrollMove = _local1.controller.scrollBot;
		}
		_local1._y = _local1.scrollMove;
		var _local2 = _local1.controller;
		_local2.scrollPosition = Math.round(((_local2.maxPos - _local2.minPos) * (_local1._y - _local2.scrollTop)) / _local2.trackHeight) + _local2.minPos;
		_local1.controller.isScrolling = true;
		updateAfterEvent();
		_local1.controller.executeCallBack();
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.stopDragThumb = function () {
		this.controller.isScrolling = false;
		this.onMouseMove = null;
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.startTrackScroller = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.controller.trackScroller();
		_local1.controller.scrolling = setInterval(_local1.controller, "scrollInterval", 500, "page", -1);
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.scrollInterval = function (inc, mode) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = inc;
		clearInterval(_local1.scrolling);
		if (_local2 == "page") {
			_local1.trackScroller();
		} else {
			_local1.scrollIt(_local2, mode);
		}
		_local1.scrolling = setInterval(_local1, "scrollInterval", 35, _local2, mode);
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.trackScroller = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		if ((_local1.scrollThumb_mc._y + _local1.thumbHeight) < _local1._ymouse) {
			_local1.scrollIt("page", 1);
		} else if (_local1.scrollThumb_mc._y > _local1._ymouse) {
			_local1.scrollIt("page", -1);
		}
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.stopScrolling = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.controller.downArrow_mc.gotoAndStop(1);
		_local1.controller.upArrow_mc.gotoAndStop(1);
		clearInterval(_local1.controller.scrolling);
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.startUpScroller = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.controller.upArrow_mc.gotoAndStop(2);
		_local1.controller.scrollIt("one", -1);
		_local1.controller.scrolling = setInterval(_local1.controller, "scrollInterval", 500, "one", -1);
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.startDownScroller = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.controller.downArrow_mc.gotoAndStop(2);
		_local1.controller.scrollIt("one", 1);
		_local1.controller.scrolling = setInterval(_local1.controller, "scrollInterval", 500, "one", 1);
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.setScrollTarget = function (tF) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = tF;
		if (_local2 == undefined) {
			_local1.textField.removeListener(_local1);
			delete _local1.textField[(_local1.horizontal ? "hScroller" : "vScroller")];
			if ((_local1.textField.hScroller != undefined) && (_local1.textField.vScroller != undefined)) {
				_local1.textField.unwatch("text");
				_local1.textField.unwatch("htmltext");
			}
		}
		_local1.textField = undefined;
		if (!(_local2 instanceof TextField)) {
		} else {
			_local1.textField = _local2;
			_local1.textField[(_local1.horizontal ? "hScroller" : "vScroller")] = _local1;
			_local1.onTextChanged();
			_local1.onChanged = function () {
				this.onTextChanged();
			};
			_local1.onScroller = function () {
				var _local1 = this;
				if (!_local1.isScrolling) {
					if (!_local1.horizontal) {
						_local1.setScrollPosition(_local1.textField.scroll);
					} else {
						_local1.setScrollPosition(_local1.textField.hscroll);
					}
				}
			};
			_local1.textField.addListener(_local1);
			_local1.textField.watch("text", _local1.callback);
			_local1.textField.watch("htmlText", _local1.callback);
		}
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.callback = function (prop, oldVal, newVal) {
		var _local1 = this;
		clearInterval(_local1.hScroller.synchScroll);
		clearInterval(_local1.vScroller.synchScroll);
		_local1.hScroller.synchScroll = setInterval(_local1.hScroller, "onTextChanged", 50);
		_local1.vScroller.synchScroll = setInterval(_local1.vScroller, "onTextChanged", 50);
		return(newVal);
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.onTextChanged = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		if ((!_local1.enable) || (_local1.textField == undefined)) {
		} else {
			clearInterval(_local1.synchScroll);
			if (_local1.horizontal) {
				var _local2 = _local1.textField.hscroll;
				_local1.setScrollProperties(_local1.textField._width, 0, _local1.textField.maxhscroll);
				_local1.setScrollPosition(Math.min(_local2, _local1.textField.maxhscroll));
			} else {
				var _local2 = _local1.textField.scroll;
				var _local3 = _local1.textField.bottomScroll - _local1.textField.scroll;
				_local1.setScrollProperties(_local3, 1, _local1.textField.maxscroll);
				_local1.setScrollPosition(Math.min(_local2, _local1.textField.maxscroll));
			}
		}
	};
	FScrollBarClass.prototype.executeCallBack = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (_local1.textField == undefined) {
			super.executeCallBack();
		} else if (_local1.horizontal) {
			_local1.textField.hscroll = _local1.getScrollPosition();
		} else {
			_local1.textField.scroll = _local1.getScrollPosition();
		}
	};
	Object.registerClass("FScrollBarSymbol", FScrollBarClass);
	#endinitclip
Symbol 755 MovieClip [FBoundingBoxSymbol] Frame 1
	var component = _parent;
	component.registerSkinElement(boundingBox, "background");
	stop();
Symbol 755 MovieClip [FBoundingBoxSymbol] Frame 2
	component.registerSkinElement(boundingBox2, "backgroundDisabled");
	stop();
Symbol 758 MovieClip [FRadioButtonSymbol] Frame 1
	#initclip 4
	function FRadioButtonClass() {
		this.init();
	}
	function FRadioButtonGroupClass() {
		this.radioInstances = new Array();
	}
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype = new FUIComponentClass();
	FRadioButtonGroupClass.prototype = new FUIComponentClass();
	Object.registerClass("FRadioButtonSymbol", FRadioButtonClass);
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.init = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (_local1.initialState == undefined) {
			_local1.selected = false;
		} else {
			_local1.selected = _local1.initialState;
		}
		super.setSize(_local1._width, _local1._height);
		_local1.boundingBox_mc.unloadMovie();
		_local1.boundingBox_mc._width = 0;
		_local1.boundingBox_mc._height = 0;
		_local1.attachMovie("frb_hitArea", "frb_hitArea_mc", 1);
		_local1.attachMovie("frb_states", "frb_states_mc", 2);
		_local1.attachMovie("FLabelSymbol", "fLabel_mc", 3);
		super.init();
		_local1._xscale = 100;
		_local1._yscale = 100;
		_local1.setSize(_local1.width, _local1.height);
		_local1.setChangeHandler(_local1.changeHandler);
		if (_local1.label != undefined) {
			_local1.setLabel(_local1.label);
		}
		if (_local1.initialState == undefined) {
			_local1.setValue(false);
		} else {
			_local1.setValue(_local1.initialState);
		}
		if (_local1.data == "") {
			_local1.data = undefined;
		} else {
			_local1.setData(_local1.data);
		}
		_local1.addToRadioGroup();
		_local1.ROLE_SYSTEM_RADIOBUTTON = 45;
		_local1.STATE_SYSTEM_SELECTED = 16;
		_local1.EVENT_OBJECT_STATECHANGE = 32778;
		_local1.EVENT_OBJECT_NAMECHANGE = 32780;
		_local1._accImpl.master = _local1;
		_local1._accImpl.stub = false;
		_local1._accImpl.get_accRole = _local1.get_accRole;
		_local1._accImpl.get_accName = _local1.get_accName;
		_local1._accImpl.get_accState = _local1.get_accState;
		_local1._accImpl.get_accDefaultAction = _local1.get_accDefaultAction;
		_local1._accImpl.accDoDefaultAction = _local1.accDoDefaultAction;
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.setHitArea = function (w, h) {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local1 = _local2.frb_hitArea_mc;
		_local2.hitArea = _local1;
		if (_local2.frb_states_mc._width > w) {
			_local1._width = _local2.frb_states_mc._width;
		} else {
			_local1._width = w;
		}
		_local1._visible = false;
		if (arguments.length > 1) {
			_local1._height = h;
		}
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.txtFormat = function (pos) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = _local1.textStyle;
		var _local3 = _local1.styleTable;
		_local2.align = ((_local3.textAlign.value == undefined) ? ((_local2.align = pos)) : undefined);
		_local2.leftMargin = ((_local3.textLeftMargin.value == undefined) ? ((_local2.leftMargin = 0)) : undefined);
		_local2.rightMargin = ((_local3.textRightMargin.value == undefined) ? ((_local2.rightMargin = 0)) : undefined);
		if (_local1.flabel_mc._height > _local1.height) {
			super.setSize(_local1.width, _local1.flabel_mc._height);
		} else {
			super.setSize(_local1.width, _local1.height);
		}
		_local1.setEnabled(_local1.enable);
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.setSize = function (w, h) {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.setLabel(_local1.getLabel());
		_local1.setLabelPlacement(_local1.labelPlacement);
		if (_local1.frb_states_mc._height < _local1.flabel_mc.labelField._height) {
			super.setSize(w, _local1.flabel_mc.labelField._height);
		}
		_local1.setHitArea(_local1.width, _local1.height);
		_local1.setLabelPlacement(_local1.labelPlacement);
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.setLabelPlacement = function (pos) {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.setLabel(_local1.getLabel());
		_local1.txtFormat(pos);
		var halfLabelH = (_local1.fLabel_mc._height / 2);
		var halfFrameH = (_local1.frb_states_mc._height / 2);
		var vertCenter = (halfFrameH - halfLabelH);
		var radioWidth = _local1.frb_states_mc._width;
		var _local2 = _local1.frb_states_mc;
		var label = _local1.fLabel_mc;
		var _local3 = _local1.width - _local2._width;
		if (_local2._width > _local1.width) {
			_local3 = 0;
		} else {
			_local3 = _local1.width - _local2._width;
		}
		_local1.fLabel_mc.setSize(_local3);
		if ((pos == "right") || (pos == undefined)) {
			_local1.labelPlacement = "right";
			_local1.frb_states_mc._x = 0;
			_local1.fLabel_mc._x = radioWidth;
			_local1.txtFormat("left");
		} else if (pos == "left") {
			_local1.labelPlacement = "left";
			_local1.fLabel_mc._x = 0;
			_local1.frb_states_mc._x = _local1.width - radioWidth;
			_local1.txtFormat("right");
		}
		_local1.fLabel_mc._y = vertCenter;
		_local1.frb_hitArea_mc._y = vertCenter;
		_local1.setLabel(_local1.getLabel());
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.setData = function (dataValue) {
		this.data = dataValue;
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.getData = function () {
		return(this.data);
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.getState = function () {
		return(this.selected);
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.getSize = function () {
		return(this.width);
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.getGroupName = function () {
		return(this.groupName);
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.setGroupName = function (groupName) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = 0;
		while (_local2 < _local1._parent[_local1.groupName].radioInstances.length) {
			if (_local1._parent[_local1.groupName].radioInstances[_local2] == _local1) {
				delete _local1._parent[_local1.groupName].radioInstances[_local2];
			}
			_local2++;
		}
		_local1.groupName = groupName;
		_local1.addToRadioGroup();
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.addToRadioGroup = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (_local1._parent[_local1.groupName] == undefined) {
			_local1._parent[_local1.groupName] = new FRadioButtonGroupClass();
		}
		_local1._parent[_local1.groupName].addRadioInstance(_local1);
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.setValue = function (selected) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = selected;
		if (_local2 || (_local2 == undefined)) {
			_local1.setState(true);
			_local1.focusRect.removeMovieClip();
			_local1.executeCallBack();
		} else if (_local2 == false) {
			_local1.setState(false);
		}
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.setTabState = function (selected) {
		var _local1 = this;
		Selection.setFocus(_local1);
		_local1.setState(selected);
		_local1.drawFocusRect();
		_local1.executeCallBack();
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.setState = function (selected) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = selected;
		if (_local2 || (_local2 == undefined)) {
			_local1.tabEnabled = true;
			for (var _local3 in _local1._parent) {
				if ((_local1 != _local1._parent[_local3]) && (_local1._parent[_local3].groupName == _local1.groupName)) {
					_local1._parent[_local3].setState(false);
					_local1._parent[_local3].tabEnabled = false;
				}
			}
		}
		if (_local1.enable) {
			_local1.flabel_mc.setEnabled(true);
			if (_local2 || (_local2 == undefined)) {
				_local1.frb_states_mc.gotoAndStop("selectedEnabled");
				_local1.enabled = false;
				_local1.selected = true;
				_local1.tabEnabled = true;
				_local1.tabFocused = true;
			} else {
				_local1.frb_states_mc.gotoAndStop("unselectedEnabled");
				_local1.enabled = true;
				_local1.selected = false;
				_local1.tabEnabled = false;
				var enabTrue = _local1._parent[_local1.groupName].getEnabled();
				var noneSelect = (_local1._parent[_local1.groupName].getValue() == undefined);
				if (enabTrue && (noneSelect)) {
					_local1._parent[_local1.groupName].radioInstances[0].tabEnabled = true;
				}
			}
		} else {
			_local1.flabel_mc.setEnabled(false);
			if (_local2 || (_local2 == undefined)) {
				_local1.frb_states_mc.gotoAndStop("selectedDisabled");
				_local1.enabled = false;
				_local1.selected = true;
				_local1.tabEnabled = false;
			} else {
				_local1.frb_states_mc.gotoAndStop("unselectedDisabled");
				_local1.enabled = false;
				_local1.selected = false;
				_local1.tabEnabled = false;
			}
		}
		if (Accessibility.isActive()) {
			Accessibility.sendEvent(_local1, 0, _local1.EVENT_OBJECT_STATECHANGE, true);
		}
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.getValue = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (_local1.selected) {
			if ((_local1.data == "") || (_local1.data == undefined)) {
				return(_local1.getLabel());
			}
			return(_local1.data);
		}
		return(undefined);
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.setEnabled = function (enable) {
		var _local1 = this;
		if ((enable == true) || (enable == undefined)) {
			_local1.enable = true;
			super.setEnabled(true);
		} else {
			_local1.enable = false;
			super.setEnabled(false);
		}
		_local1.setState(_local1.selected);
		var cgn = (_local1._parent[_local1.groupName].getEnabled() == undefined);
		var _local3 = _local1._parent[_local1.groupName].radioInstances[0].getEnabled() == false;
		if (cgn && (_local3)) {
			var _local2 = 0;
			while (_local2 < _local1._parent[_local1.groupName].radioInstances.length) {
				if (_local1._parent[_local1.groupName].radioInstances[_local2].getEnabled() == true) {
					_local1._parent[_local1.groupName].radioInstances[_local2].tabEnabled = true;
					return;
				}
				_local2++;
			}
		}
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.getEnabled = function () {
		return(this.enable);
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.setLabel = function (label) {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.fLabel_mc.setLabel(label);
		_local1.txtFormat();
		if (Accessibility.isActive()) {
			Accessibility.sendEvent(_local1, 0, _local1.EVENT_OBJECT_NAMECHANGE);
		}
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.getLabel = function () {
		return(this.fLabel_mc.getLabel());
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.onPress = function () {
		this.pressFocus();
		this.frb_states_mc.gotoAndStop("press");
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.onRelease = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.frb_states_mc.gotoAndStop("unselectedDisabled");
		_local1.setValue(!_local1.selected);
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.onReleaseOutside = function () {
		this.frb_states_mc.gotoAndStop("unselectedEnabled");
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.onDragOut = function () {
		this.frb_states_mc.gotoAndStop("unselectedEnabled");
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.onDragOver = function () {
		this.frb_states_mc.gotoAndStop("press");
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.executeCallBack = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.handlerObj[_local1.changeHandler](_local1._parent[_local1.groupName]);
	};
	FRadioButtonGroupClass.prototype.addRadioInstance = function (instance) {
		this.radioInstances.push(instance);
		this.radioInstances[0].tabEnabled = true;
	};
	FRadioButtonGroupClass.prototype.setEnabled = function (enableFlag) {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local3 = enableFlag;
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local2.radioInstances.length) {
			_local2.radioInstances[_local1].setEnabled(_local3);
			_local1++;
		}
	};
	FRadioButtonGroupClass.prototype.getEnabled = function () {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local2.radioInstances.length) {
			if (_local2.radioInstances[_local1].getEnabled() != _local2.radioInstances[0].getEnabled()) {
				return(undefined);
			}
			_local1++;
		}
		return(_local2.radioInstances[0].getEnabled());
		return(undefined);
	};
	FRadioButtonGroupClass.prototype.setChangeHandler = function (changeHandler, obj) {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local3 = changeHandler;
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local2.radioInstances.length) {
			_local2.radioInstances[_local1].setChangeHandler(_local3, obj);
			_local1++;
		}
	};
	FRadioButtonGroupClass.prototype.getValue = function () {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local2.radioInstances.length) {
			if (_local2.radioInstances[_local1].selected == true) {
				if ((_local2.radioInstances[_local1].data == "") || (_local2.radioInstances[_local1].data == undefined)) {
					return(_local2.radioInstances[_local1].getLabel());
				}
				return(_local2.radioInstances[_local1].data);
			}
			_local1++;
		}
		return(undefined);
	};
	FRadioButtonGroupClass.prototype.getData = function () {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local2.radioInstances.length) {
			if (_local2.radioInstances[_local1].selected) {
				return(_local2.radioInstances[_local1].getData());
			}
			_local1++;
		}
		return(undefined);
	};
	FRadioButtonGroupClass.prototype.getInstance = function () {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local2.radioInstances.length) {
			if (_local2.radioInstances[_local1].selected == true) {
				return(_local1);
			}
			_local1++;
		}
		return(undefined);
	};
	FRadioButtonGroupClass.prototype.setValue = function (dataValue) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local3 = dataValue;
		var _local2 = 0;
		while (_local2 < _local1.radioInstances.length) {
			if (_local1.radioInstances[_local2].data == _local3) {
				_local1.radioInstances[_local2].setValue(true);
				return;
			}
			_local2++;
		}
		_local2 = 0;
		while (_local2 < _local1.radioInstances.length) {
			if (_local1.radioInstances[_local2].getLabel() == _local3) {
				_local1.radioInstances[_local2].setValue(true);
			}
			_local2++;
		}
	};
	FRadioButtonGroupClass.prototype.setSize = function (w) {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local3 = w;
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local2.radioInstances.length) {
			_local2.radioInstances[_local1].setSize(_local3);
			_local1++;
		}
	};
	FRadioButtonGroupClass.prototype.getSize = function () {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local3 = 0;
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local2.radioInstances.length) {
			if (_local2.radioInstances[_local1].width >= _local3) {
				_local3 = _local2.radioInstances[_local1].width;
			}
			_local1++;
		}
		return(_local3);
	};
	FRadioButtonGroupClass.prototype.setGroupName = function (groupName) {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local3 = groupName;
		_local2.oldGroupName = _local2.radioInstances[0].groupName;
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local2.radioInstances.length) {
			_local2.radioInstances[_local1].groupName = _local3;
			_local2.radioInstances[_local1].addToRadioGroup();
			_local1++;
		}
		delete _local2._parent[_local2.oldGroupName];
	};
	FRadioButtonGroupClass.prototype.getGroupName = function () {
		return(this.radioInstances[0].groupName);
	};
	FRadioButtonGroupClass.prototype.setLabelPlacement = function (pos) {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local3 = pos;
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local2.radioInstances.length) {
			_local2.radioInstances[_local1].setLabelPlacement(_local3);
			_local1++;
		}
	};
	FRadioButtonGroupClass.prototype.setStyleProperty = function (propName, value, isGlobal) {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local3 = value;
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local2.radioInstances.length) {
			_local2.radioInstances[_local1].setStyleProperty(propName, _local3, isGlobal);
			_local1++;
		}
	};
	FRadioButtonGroupClass.prototype.addListener = function () {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local2.radioInstances.length) {
			_local2.radioInstances[_local1].addListener();
			_local1++;
		}
	};
	FRadioButtonGroupClass.prototype.applyChanges = function () {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local2.radioInstances.length) {
			_local2.radioInstances[_local1].applyChanges();
			_local1++;
		}
	};
	FRadioButtonGroupClass.prototype.removeListener = function (component) {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local3 = component;
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local2.radioInstances.length) {
			_local2.radioInstances[_local1].removeListener(_local3);
			_local1++;
		}
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.drawFocusRect = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.drawRect(-2, -2, _local1._width + 6, _local1._height - 3);
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.myOnKillFocus = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		Key.removeListener(_local1.keyListener);
		_local1.focused = false;
		_local1.focusRect.removeMovieClip();
		_local1._parent[_local1.groupName].foobar = 0;
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.myOnKeyDown = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		if ((Key.getCode() == 32) && (_local1._parent[_local1.groupName].getValue() == undefined)) {
			if (_local1._parent[_local1.groupName].radioInstances[0] == _local1) {
				_local1.setTabState(true);
			}
		}
		if ((Key.getCode() == 40) && (_local1.pressOnce == undefined)) {
			_local1.foobar = _local1._parent[_local1.groupName].getInstance();
			var _local2 = _local1.foobar;
			while (_local2 < _local1._parent[_local1.groupName].radioInstances.length) {
				var _local3 = _local2 + 1;
				if (_local1._parent[_local1.groupName].radioInstances[_local3].getEnabled()) {
					_local1._parent[_local1.groupName].radioInstances[_local3].setTabState(true);
					return;
				}
				_local2++;
			}
		}
		if ((Key.getCode() == 38) && (_local1.pressOnce == undefined)) {
			_local1.foobar = _local1._parent[_local1.groupName].getInstance();
			var _local2 = _local1.foobar;
			while (_local2 >= 0) {
				var _local3 = _local2 - 1;
				if (_local1._parent[_local1.groupName].radioInstances[_local3].getEnabled()) {
					_local1._parent[_local1.groupName].radioInstances[_local3].setTabState(true);
					return;
				}
				_local2--;
			}
		}
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.get_accRole = function (childId) {
		return(this.master.ROLE_SYSTEM_RADIOBUTTON);
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.get_accName = function (childId) {
		return(this.master.getLabel());
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.get_accState = function (childId) {
		if (this.master.getState()) {
			return(this.master.STATE_SYSTEM_SELECTED);
		}
		return(0);
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.get_accDefaultAction = function (childId) {
		if (this.master.getState()) {
			return("UnCheck");
		}
		return("Check");
	};
	FRadioButtonClass.prototype.accDoDefaultAction = function (childId) {
		this.master.setValue(!this.master.getValue());
	};
	#endinitclip

	boundingBox_mc._visible = false;
	deadPreview._visible = false;
Symbol 765 MovieClip Frame 1
	stop();
Symbol 769 MovieClip Frame 1
	stop();
Symbol 776 MovieClip [DataProviderSymbol] Frame 1
	#initclip 3
	_global.DataProviderClass = function () {
		this.init();
	};
	DataProviderClass.prototype.init = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.items = new Array();
		_local1.uniqueID = 0;
		_local1.views = new Array();
	};
	DataProviderClass.prototype.addView = function (viewRef) {
		this.views.push(viewRef);
		var _local1 = {event:"updateAll"};
		viewRef.modelChanged(_local1);
	};
	DataProviderClass.prototype.addItemAt = function (index, value) {
		var _local1 = index;
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local3 = value;
		if (_local1 < _local2.getLength()) {
			_local2.items.splice(_local1, 0, "tmp");
		}
		_local2.items[_local1] = new Object();
		if (typeof(_local3) == "object") {
			_local2.items[_local1] = _local3;
		} else {
			_local2.items[_local1].label = _local3;
		}
		_local2.items[_local1].__ID__ = _local2.uniqueID++;
		var eventObj = {event:"addRows", firstRow:_local1, lastRow:_local1};
		_local2.updateViews(eventObj);
	};
	DataProviderClass.prototype.addItem = function (value) {
		this.addItemAt(this.getLength(), value);
	};
	DataProviderClass.prototype.removeItemAt = function (index) {
		var _local1 = index;
		var _local2 = this;
		var tmpItm = _local2.items[_local1];
		_local2.items.splice(_local1, 1);
		var _local3 = {event:"deleteRows", firstRow:_local1, lastRow:_local1};
		_local2.updateViews(_local3);
		return(tmpItm);
	};
	DataProviderClass.prototype.removeAll = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.items = new Array();
		_local1.updateViews({event:"deleteRows", firstRow:0, lastRow:_local1.getLength() - 1});
	};
	DataProviderClass.prototype.replaceItemAt = function (index, itemObj) {
		var _local1 = index;
		var _local2 = this;
		if ((_local1 < 0) || (_local1 >= _local2.getLength())) {
		} else {
			var _local3 = _local2.getItemID(_local1);
			if (typeof(itemObj) == "object") {
				_local2.items[_local1] = itemObj;
			} else {
				_local2.items[_local1].label = itemObj;
			}
			_local2.items[_local1].__ID__ = _local3;
			_local2.updateViews({event:"updateRows", firstRow:_local1, lastRow:_local1});
		}
	};
	DataProviderClass.prototype.getLength = function () {
		return(this.items.length);
	};
	DataProviderClass.prototype.getItemAt = function (index) {
		return(this.items[index]);
	};
	DataProviderClass.prototype.getItemID = function (index) {
		return(this.items[index].__ID__);
	};
	DataProviderClass.prototype.sortItemsBy = function (fieldName, order) {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.items.sortOn(fieldName);
		if (order == "DESC") {
			_local1.items.reverse();
		}
		_local1.updateViews({event:"sort"});
	};
	DataProviderClass.prototype.updateViews = function (eventObj) {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local3 = eventObj;
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local2.views.length) {
			_local2.views[_local1].modelChanged(_local3);
			_local1++;
		}
	};
	#endinitclip
Symbol 777 MovieClip [FSelectableItemSymbol] Frame 1
	#initclip 9
	function FSelectableItemClass() {
		this.init();
	}
	FSelectableItemClass.prototype = new FUIComponentClass();
	FSelectableItemClass.prototype.init = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (_local1._name != "itemAsset") {
			_local1.highlighted = false;
			_local1.layoutContent(100);
		}
	};
	FSelectableItemClass.prototype.drawItem = function (itmObj, selected) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = selected;
		_local1.displayContent(itmObj, _local2);
		if ((_local1.highlighted != _local2) || ((_local1.controller.focused != _local1.oldFocus) && (_local2))) {
			_local1.setHighlighted(_local2);
		}
		_local1.oldFocus = _local1.controller.focused;
	};
	FSelectableItemClass.prototype.setSize = function (width, height) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local3 = width;
		var _local2 = -16384;
		_local1.width = _local3;
		_local1.layoutContent(_local3);
		_local1.attachMovie("FHighlightSymbol", "highlight_mc", _local2);
		_local1.highlight_mc._x = 0.5;
		_local1.highlight_mc._width = _local3 - 0.5;
		_local1.highlight_mc._height = height;
		_local1.highlight_mc.controller = _local1;
		_local1.highlight_mc._alpha = 0;
		_local1.highlight_mc.trackAsMenu = true;
		_local1.highlight_mc.onPress = function () {
			var _local1 = this;
			if (_local1.controller.enable) {
				_local1.controller.controller.clickHandler(_local1.controller.itemNum);
			}
		};
		_local1.highlight_mc.onDragOver = function () {
			if (this.controller.controller.focused) {
				this.onPress();
			}
		};
		_local1.highlight_mc.useHandCursor = false;
		_local1.highlight_mc.trackAsMenu = true;
	};
	FSelectableItemClass.prototype.setEnabled = function (enabledFlag) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = enabledFlag;
		_local1.enable = _local2;
		_local1.fLabel_mc.setEnabled(_local2);
		_local1.highlight_mc.gotoAndStop((_local2 ? "unfocused" : "disabled"));
	};
	FSelectableItemClass.prototype.layoutContent = function (width) {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.attachMovie("FLabelSymbol", "fLabel_mc", 2, {hostComponent:_local1.controller});
		_local1.fLabel_mc._x = 2;
		_local1.fLabel_mc._y = 0;
		_local1.fLabel_mc.setSize(width - 2);
		_local1.fLabel_mc.labelField.selectable = false;
	};
	FSelectableItemClass.prototype.displayContent = function (itmObj, selected) {
		var _local2 = itmObj;
		var _local1 = "";
		if (_local2.label != undefined) {
			_local1 = _local2.label;
		} else if (typeof(_local2) == "object") {
			for (var _local3 in _local2) {
				if (_local3 != "__ID__") {
					_local1 = (_local2[_local3] + ", ") + _local1;
				}
			}
			_local1 = _local1.substring(0, _local1.length - 2);
		} else {
			_local1 = _local2;
		}
		if (this.fLabel_mc.labelField.text != _local1) {
			this.fLabel_mc.setLabel(_local1);
		}
		var clr = (selected ? (this.controller.styleTable.textSelected.value) : (this.controller.styleTable.textColor.value));
		if (clr == undefined) {
			clr = (selected ? 16777215 : 0);
		}
		this.fLabel_mc.setColor(clr);
	};
	FSelectableItemClass.prototype.getItemIndex = function () {
		return(this.controller.getScrollPosition() + this.itemNum);
	};
	FSelectableItemClass.prototype.getItemModel = function () {
		return(this.controller.getItemAt(this.getItemIndex()));
	};
	FSelectableItemClass.prototype.getHostDataProvider = function () {
		return(this.controller.dataProvider);
	};
	FSelectableItemClass.prototype.setHighlighted = function (flag) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = flag;
		fade = _local1.controller.styleTable.fadeRate.value;
		if (((fade == undefined) || (fade == 0)) || (!_local2)) {
			_local1.highlight_mc._alpha = (_local2 ? 100 : 0);
			delete _local1.onEnterFrame;
		} else {
			_local1.fadeN = fade;
			_local1.fadeX = 1;
			_local1.highLight_mc._alpha = 20;
			_local1.onEnterFrame = function () {
				var _local1 = this;
				_local1.highLight_mc._alpha = (60 * Math.sqrt((_local1.fadeX++) / _local1.fadeN)) + 40;
				if (_local1.fadeX > _local1.fadeN) {
					delete _local1.onEnterFrame;
				}
			};
		}
		_local1.highlighted = _local2;
	};
	#endinitclip
Symbol 778 MovieClip [FSelectableListSymbol] Frame 1
	#initclip 5
	function FSelectableListClass() {
		this.init();
	}
	FSelectableListClass.prototype = new FUIComponentClass();
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.init = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		super.init();
		_local1.enable = true;
		_local1.selected = new Array();
		_local1.topDisplayed = (_local1.numDisplayed = 0);
		_local1.lastSelected = 0;
		_local1.tabChildren = false;
		if (_local1._name != undefined) {
			_local1.dataProvider = new DataProviderClass();
			_local1.dataProvider.addView(_local1);
		}
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.addItemAt = function (index, label, data) {
		if ((index < 0) || (!this.enable)) {
			return(undefined);
		}
		this.dataProvider.addItemAt(index, {label:label, data:data});
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.addItem = function (label, data) {
		if (!this.enable) {
			return(undefined);
		}
		this.dataProvider.addItem({label:label, data:data});
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.removeItemAt = function (index) {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.selectHolder = _local1.getSelectedIndex();
		var _local2 = _local1.getItemAt(index);
		_local1.dataProvider.removeItemAt(index);
		return(_local2);
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.removeAll = function () {
		this.dataProvider.removeAll();
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.replaceItemAt = function (index, newLabel, newData) {
		this.dataProvider.replaceItemAt(index, {label:newLabel, data:newData});
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.sortItemsBy = function (fieldName, order) {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.lastSelID = _local1.dataProvider.getItemID(_local1.lastSelected);
		_local1.dataProvider.sortItemsBy(fieldName, order);
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.getLength = function () {
		return(this.dataProvider.getLength());
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.getSelectedIndex = function () {
		var _local2 = this;
		for (var _local3 in _local2.selected) {
			var _local1 = _local2.selected[_local3].sIndex;
			if (_local1 != undefined) {
				return(_local1);
			}
		}
		return(undefined);
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.getSelectedItem = function () {
		return(this.getItemAt(this.getSelectedIndex()));
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.getItemAt = function (index) {
		return(this.dataProvider.getItemAt(index));
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.getEnabled = function () {
		return(this.enable);
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.getValue = function () {
		var _local1 = this.getSelectedItem();
		if (_local1.data != undefined) {
			return(_local1.data);
		}
		return(_local1.label);
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.setSelectedIndex = function (index, flag) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = index;
		if (((_local2 >= 0) && (_local2 < _local1.getLength())) && (_local1.enable)) {
			_local1.clearSelected();
			_local1.selectItem(_local2, true);
			_local1.lastSelected = _local2;
			_local1.invalidate("updateControl");
			if (flag != false) {
				_local1.executeCallBack();
			}
		}
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.setDataProvider = function (obj) {
		var _local2 = obj;
		this.setScrollPosition(0);
		this.clearSelected();
		if (_local2 instanceof Array) {
			this.dataProvider = new DataProviderClass();
			var _local1 = 0;
			while (_local1 < _local2.length) {
				var _local3 = ((typeof(_local2[_local1]) == "string") ? ({label:_local2[_local1]}) : (_local2[_local1]));
				this.dataProvider.addItem(_local3);
				_local1++;
			}
		} else {
			this.dataProvider = _local2;
		}
		this.dataProvider.addView(this);
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.setItemSymbol = function (linkID) {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.tmpPos = _local1.getScrollPosition();
		_local1.itemSymbol = linkID;
		_local1.invalidate("setSize");
		_local1.setScrollPosition(_local1.tmpPos);
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.setEnabled = function (enabledFlag) {
		var _local2 = this;
		_local2.cleanUI();
		super.setEnabled(enabledFlag);
		_local2.enable = enabledFlag;
		_local2.boundingBox_mc.gotoAndStop((_local2.enable ? "enabled" : "disabled"));
		var _local3 = Math.min(_local2.numDisplayed, _local2.getLength());
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local3) {
			_local2.container_mc[("fListItem" + _local1) + "_mc"].setEnabled(_local2.enable);
			_local1++;
		}
		if (_local2.enable) {
			_local2.invalidate("updateControl");
		}
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.updateControl = function () {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local2.numDisplayed) {
			_local2.container_mc[("fListItem" + _local1) + "_mc"].drawItem(_local2.getItemAt(_local2.topDisplayed + _local1), _local2.isSelected(_local2.topDisplayed + _local1));
			_local1++;
		}
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.setSize = function (w, h) {
		var _local1 = this;
		super.setSize(w, h);
		_local1.boundingBox_mc._xscale = (_local1.boundingBox_mc._yscale = 100);
		_local1.boundingBox_mc._xscale = (_local1.width * 100) / _local1.boundingBox_mc._width;
		_local1.boundingBox_mc._yscale = (_local1.height * 100) / _local1.boundingBox_mc._height;
		var _local2 = 0;
		while (_local2 < _local1.numDisplayed) {
			_local1.container_mc.attachMovie(_local1.itemSymbol, ("fListItem" + _local2) + "_mc", 10 + _local2, {controller:_local1, itemNum:_local2});
			var _local3 = _local1.container_mc[("fListItem" + _local2) + "_mc"];
			var offset = ((_local1.scrollOffset == undefined) ? 0 : (_local1.scrollOffset));
			_local3.setSize(_local1.width - offset, _local1.itmHgt);
			_local3._y = (_local1.itmHgt - 2) * _local2;
			_local2++;
		}
		_local1.updateControl();
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.modelChanged = function (eventObj) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var firstRow = eventObj.firstRow;
		var lastRow = eventObj.lastRow;
		var event = eventObj.event;
		if (event == "addRows") {
			for (var _local2 in _local1.selected) {
				if ((_local1.selected[_local2].sIndex != undefined) && (_local1.selected[_local2].sIndex >= firstRow)) {
					_local1.selected[_local2].sIndex = _local1.selected[_local2].sIndex + ((lastRow - firstRow) + 1);
					_local1.setSelectedIndex(_local1.selected[_local2].sIndex, false);
				}
			}
		} else if (event == "deleteRows") {
			if (firstRow == lastRow) {
				var index = firstRow;
				if (_local1.selectHolder == index) {
					_local1.selectionDeleted = true;
				}
				if (((_local1.topDisplayed + _local1.numDisplayed) >= _local1.getLength()) && (_local1.topDisplayed > 0)) {
					_local1.topDisplayed--;
					if (_local1.selectionDeleted && ((index - 1) >= 0)) {
						_local1.setSelectedIndex(index - 1, false);
					}
				} else if (_local1.selectionDeleted) {
					var len = _local1.getLength();
					if (((index == (len - 1)) && (len > 1)) || (index > (len / 2))) {
						_local1.setSelectedIndex(index - 1, false);
					} else {
						_local1.setSelectedIndex(index, false);
					}
				}
				for (var _local2 in _local1.selected) {
					if (_local1.selected[_local2].sIndex > firstRow) {
						_local1.selected[_local2].sIndex--;
					}
				}
			} else {
				_local1.clearSelected();
				_local1.topDisplayed = 0;
			}
		} else if (event == "sort") {
			var len = _local1.getLength();
			var _local2 = 0;
			while (_local2 < len) {
				if (_local1.isSelected(_local2)) {
					var _local3 = _local1.dataProvider.getItemID(_local2);
					if (_local3 == _local1.lastSelID) {
						_local1.lastSelected = _local2;
					}
					_local1.selected[String(_local3)].sIndex = _local2;
				}
				_local2++;
			}
		}
		_local1.invalidate("updateControl");
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.measureItmHgt = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.attachMovie(_local1.itemSymbol, "tmpItem_mc", 0, {controller:_local1});
		_local1.tmpItem_mc.drawItem({label:"Sizer: PjtTopg"}, false);
		_local1.itmHgt = _local1.tmpItem_mc._height;
		_local1.tmpItem_mc.removeMovieClip();
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.selectItem = function (index, selectedFlag) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = index;
		if (selectedFlag && (!_local1.isSelected(_local2))) {
			_local1.selected[String(_local1.dataProvider.getItemID(_local2))] = {sIndex:_local2};
		} else if (!selectedFlag) {
			delete _local1.selected[String(_local1.dataProvider.getItemID(_local2))];
		}
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.isSelected = function (index) {
		return(this.selected[String(this.dataProvider.getItemID(index))].sIndex != undefined);
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.clearSelected = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		for (var _local3 in _local1.selected) {
			var _local2 = _local1.selected[_local3].sIndex;
			if (((_local2 != undefined) && (_local1.topDisplayed <= _local2)) && (_local2 < (_local1.topDisplayed + _local1.numDisplayed))) {
				_local1.container_mc[("fListItem" + (_local2 - _local1.topDisplayed)) + "_mc"].drawItem(_local1.getItemAt(_local2), false);
			}
		}
		delete _local1.selected;
		_local1.selected = new Array();
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.selectionHandler = function (itemNum) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = _local1.topDisplayed + itemNum;
		if (_local1.getItemAt(_local2 == undefined)) {
			_local1.changeFlag = false;
		} else {
			_local1.changeFlag = true;
			_local1.clearSelected();
			_local1.selectItem(_local2, true);
			_local1.container_mc[("fListItem" + itemNum) + "_mc"].drawItem(_local1.getItemAt(_local2), _local1.isSelected(_local2));
		}
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.moveSelBy = function (incr) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local3 = _local1.getSelectedIndex();
		var _local2 = _local3 + incr;
		_local2 = Math.max(0, _local2);
		_local2 = Math.min(_local1.getLength() - 1, _local2);
		if (_local2 == _local3) {
		} else {
			if ((_local3 < _local1.topDisplayed) || (_local3 >= (_local1.topDisplayed + _local1.numDisplayed))) {
				_local1.setScrollPosition(_local3);
			}
			if ((_local2 >= (_local1.topDisplayed + _local1.numDisplayed)) || (_local2 < _local1.topDisplayed)) {
				_local1.setScrollPosition(_local1.topDisplayed + incr);
			}
			_local1.selectionHandler(_local2 - _local1.topDisplayed);
		}
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.clickHandler = function (itmNum) {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.focusRect.removeMovieClip();
		if (!_local1.focused) {
			_local1.pressFocus();
		}
		_local1.selectionHandler(itmNum);
		_local1.onMouseUp = _local1.releaseHandler;
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.releaseHandler = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (_local1.changeFlag) {
			_local1.executeCallBack();
		}
		_local1.changeFlag = false;
		_local1.onMouseUp = undefined;
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.myOnSetFocus = function () {
		var _local2 = this;
		super.myOnSetFocus();
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local2.numDisplayed) {
			_local2.container_mc[("fListItem" + _local1) + "_mc"].highlight_mc.gotoAndStop("enabled");
			_local1++;
		}
	};
	FSelectableListClass.prototype.myOnKillFocus = function () {
		var _local2 = this;
		super.myOnKillFocus();
		var _local1 = 0;
		while (_local1 < _local2.numDisplayed) {
			_local2.container_mc[("fListItem" + _local1) + "_mc"].highlight_mc.gotoAndStop("unfocused");
			_local1++;
		}
	};
	#endinitclip
Instance of Symbol 776 MovieClip [DataProviderSymbol] "dPAsset" in Symbol 778 MovieClip [FSelectableListSymbol] Frame 1
//component parameters
onClipEvent (initialize) {
}
Instance of Symbol 777 MovieClip [FSelectableItemSymbol] "ItemAsset" in Symbol 778 MovieClip [FSelectableListSymbol] Frame 1
//component parameters
onClipEvent (initialize) {
}
Symbol 779 MovieClip [FScrollSelectListSymbol] Frame 1
	#initclip 7
	function FScrollSelectListClass() {
		this.init();
	}
	FScrollSelectListClass.prototype = new FSelectableListClass();
	FScrollSelectListClass.prototype.getScrollPosition = function () {
		return(this.topDisplayed);
	};
	FScrollSelectListClass.prototype.setScrollPosition = function (pos) {
		var _local1 = pos;
		var _local2 = this;
		if (_local2.enable) {
			_local1 = Math.min(_local1, _local2.getLength() - _local2.numDisplayed);
			_local1 = Math.max(_local1, 0);
			_local2.scrollBar_mc.setScrollPosition(_local1);
		}
	};
	FScrollSelectListClass.prototype.setAutoHideScrollBar = function (flag) {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.permaScrollBar = !flag;
		_local1.setSize(_local1.width, _local1.height);
	};
	FScrollSelectListClass.prototype.setEnabled = function (enabledFlag) {
		super.setEnabled(enabledFlag);
		this.scrollBar_mc.setEnabled(this.enable);
	};
	FScrollSelectListClass.prototype.setSize = function (w, h) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = _local1.getScrollPosition();
		super.setSize(w, h);
		if (_local1.scrollBar_mc != undefined) {
			_local1.removed = true;
		}
		_local1.scrollBar_mc = undefined;
		_local1.initScrollBar();
		_local1.setScrollPosition(_local2);
	};
	FScrollSelectListClass.prototype.modelChanged = function (eventObj) {
		super.modelChanged(eventObj);
		this.invalidate("initScrollBar");
	};
	FScrollSelectListClass.prototype.initScrollBar = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		if ((!_local1.permaScrollBar) && (_local1.getLength() <= _local1.numDisplayed)) {
			if (_local1.removed) {
				_local1.scrollBar_mc.removeMovieClip();
				_local1.scrollBar_mc = undefined;
				_local1.scrollOffset = undefined;
				_local1.invalidate("setSize");
			}
		} else {
			if (_local1.scrollBar_mc == undefined) {
				_local1.container_mc.attachMovie("FScrollBarSymbol", "scrollBar_mc", 3000, {hostStyle:_local1.styleTable});
				_local1.scrollBar_mc = _local1.container_mc.scrollBar_mc;
				_local1.scrollBar_mc.setChangeHandler("scrollHandler", _local1);
				_local1.scrollBar_mc.setSize(_local1.height);
				_local1.scrollBar_mc._x = _local1.width - _local1.scrollBar_mc._width;
				_local1.scrollBar_mc._y = 0;
				_local1.scrollBar_mc.setLargeScroll(_local1.numDisplayed - 1);
				_local1.scrollOffset = _local1.scrollBar_mc._width;
				_local1.invalidate("setSize");
			}
			_local1.scrollBar_mc.setScrollProperties(_local1.numDisplayed, 0, _local1.getLength() - _local1.numDisplayed);
		}
	};
	FScrollSelectListClass.prototype.scrollHandler = function (scrollBar) {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local1 = scrollBar.getScrollPosition();
		_local2.topDisplayed = _local1;
		if (_local2.lastPosition != _local1) {
			_local2.updateControl();
		}
		_local2.lastPosition = _local1;
	};
	FScrollSelectListClass.prototype.clickHandler = function (itmNum) {
		var _local1 = this;
		super.clickHandler(itmNum);
		if ((_local1.dragScrolling == undefined) && (_local1.scrollBar_mc != undefined)) {
			_local1.dragScrolling = setInterval(_local1, "dragScroll", 15);
		}
	};
	FScrollSelectListClass.prototype.releaseHandler = function () {
		clearInterval(this.dragScrolling);
		this.dragScrolling = undefined;
		super.releaseHandler();
	};
	FScrollSelectListClass.prototype.dragScroll = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		clearInterval(_local1.dragScrolling);
		if (_local1.container_mc._ymouse < 0) {
			_local1.setScrollPosition(_local1.getScrollPosition() - 1);
			_local1.selectionHandler(0);
			_local1.scrollInterval = Math.max(25, (-23.8 * (-_local1.container_mc._ymouse)) + 500);
			_local1.dragScrolling = setInterval(_local1, "dragScroll", _local1.scrollInterval);
		} else if (_local1.container_mc._ymouse > ((_local1.itmHgt - 2) * _local1.numDisplayed)) {
			_local1.setScrollPosition(_local1.getScrollPosition() + 1);
			_local1.selectionHandler(_local1.numDisplayed - 1);
			_local1.scrollInterval = Math.max(25, (-23.8 * Math.abs((_local1.container_mc._ymouse - ((_local1.itmHgt - 2) * _local1.numDisplayed)) - 2)) + 500);
			_local1.dragScrolling = setInterval(_local1, "dragScroll", _local1.scrollInterval);
		} else {
			_local1.dragScrolling = setInterval(_local1, "dragScroll", 15);
		}
	};
	FScrollSelectListClass.prototype.myOnKeyDown = function () {
		var _local2 = this;
		if (_local2.focused) {
			_local2.keyCodes = new Array(40, 38, 34, 33, 36, 35);
			_local2.keyIncrs = new Array(1, -1, _local2.numDisplayed - 1, -(_local2.numDisplayed - 1), -_local2.getLength(), _local2.getLength());
			var _local1 = 0;
			while (_local1 < _local2.keyCodes.length) {
				if (Key.isDown(_local2.keyCodes[_local1])) {
					_local2.moveSelBy(_local2.keyIncrs[_local1]);
					return;
				}
				_local1++;
			}
			_local2.findInputText();
		}
	};
	FScrollSelectListClass.prototype.findInputText = function () {
		var _local1 = Key.getAscii();
		if ((_local1 >= 33) && (_local1 <= 126)) {
			this.findString(String.fromCharCode(_local1));
		}
	};
	FScrollSelectListClass.prototype.findString = function (str) {
		if (this.getLength() == 0) {
		} else {
			var _local3 = this.getSelectedIndex();
			var jump = 0;
			var _local1 = _local3 + 1;
			while (_local1 != _local3) {
				var _local2 = this.getItemAt(_local1).label.substring(0, str.length);
				if ((str == _local2) || (str.toUpperCase() == _local2.toUpperCase())) {
					var jump = (_local1 - _local3);
					break;
				}
				if (_local1 >= (this.getLength() - 1)) {
					_local1 = -1;
				}
				_local1++;
			}
			if (jump != 0) {
				this.moveSelBy(jump);
			}
		}
	};
	#endinitclip
Instance of Symbol 741 MovieClip [FScrollBarSymbol] "scrollBarAsset" in Symbol 779 MovieClip [FScrollSelectListSymbol] Frame 1
//component parameters
onClipEvent (initialize) {
	_targetInstanceName = "";
	horizontal = false;
}
onClipEvent (load) {
	this._width = (this._height = 1);
}
Instance of Symbol 778 MovieClip [FSelectableListSymbol] "superClassAsset" in Symbol 779 MovieClip [FScrollSelectListSymbol] Frame 1
//component parameters
onClipEvent (initialize) {
}
Symbol 780 MovieClip [FComboBoxItemSymbol] Frame 1
	#initclip 10
	function FComboBoxItemClass() {
		this.init();
	}
	FComboBoxItemClass.prototype = new FSelectableItemClass();
	Object.registerClass("FComboBoxItemSymbol", FComboBoxItemClass);
	FComboBoxItemClass.prototype.setSize = function (w, h) {
		var _local1 = this;
		super.setSize(w, h);
		_local1.highlight_mc.onRollOver = function () {
			this.controller.controller.selectionHandler(this.controller.itemNum);
		};
	};
	#endinitclip
Symbol 783 MovieClip [FComboBoxSymbol] Frame 1
	#initclip 11
	function FComboBoxClass() {
		var _local1 = this;
		_global._popUpLevel = ((_global._popUpLevel == undefined) ? 20000 : (_global._popUpLevel + 1));
		_local1.superHolder = _root.createEmptyMovieClip("superHolder" + _popUpLevel, _popUpLevel);
		var _local3 = _local1.superHolder.createEmptyMovieClip("testCont", 20000);
		var testBox = _local3.attachMovie("FBoundingBoxSymbol", "boundingBox_mc", 0);
		if (testBox._name == undefined) {
			_local1.superHolder.removeMovieClip();
			_local1.superHolder = _local1._parent.createEmptyMovieClip("superHolder" + _popUpLevel, _popUpLevel);
		} else {
			_local3.removeMovieClip();
		}
		if (_local1.rowCount == undefined) {
			_local1.rowCount = 8;
			_local1.editable = false;
		}
		_local1.itemSymbol = "FComboBoxItemSymbol";
		_local1.init();
		_local1.permaScrollBar = false;
		_local1.proxyBox_mc.gotoAndStop(1);
		_local1.width = _local1._width;
		_local1.height = (_local1.proxyBox_mc._height * _local1._yscale) / 100;
		var _local2 = 0;
		while (_local2 < _local1.labels.length) {
			_local1.addItem(_local1.labels[_local2], _local1.data[_local2]);
			_local2++;
		}
		_local1.lastSelected = 0;
		_local1.selectItem(0);
		_local1._xscale = (_local1._yscale = 100);
		_local1.opened = false;
		_local1.setSize(_local1.width);
		_local1.highlightTop(false);
		if (_local1.changeHandler.length > 0) {
			_local1.setChangeHandler(_local1.changeHandler);
		}
		_local1.onUnload = function () {
			this.superHolder.removeMovieClip();
		};
		_local1.setSelectedIndex(0, false);
		_local1.value = "";
		_local1.focusEnabled = true;
		_local1.changeFlag = false;
	}
	FComboBoxClass.prototype = new FScrollSelectListClass();
	Object.registerClass("FComboBoxSymbol", FComboBoxClass);
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.modelChanged = function (eventObj) {
		var _local1 = this;
		super.modelChanged(eventObj);
		var _local2 = eventObj.event;
		if ((_local2 == "addRows") || (_local2 == "deleteRows")) {
			var diff = ((eventObj.lastRow - eventObj.firstRow) + 1);
			var mode = ((_local2 == "addRows") ? 1 : -1);
			var _local3 = _local1.getLength();
			var lenBefore = (_local3 - (mode * diff));
			if ((_local1.rowCount > lenBefore) || (_local1.rowCount > _local3)) {
				_local1.invalidate("setSize");
			}
			if (_local1.getSelectedIndex() == undefined) {
				_local1.setSelectedIndex(0, false);
			}
		} else if (_local2 == "updateAll") {
			_local1.invalidate("setSize");
		}
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.removeAll = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (!_local1.enable) {
		} else {
			super.removeAll();
			if (_local1.editable) {
				_local1.value = "";
			}
			_local1.invalidate("setSize");
		}
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.setSize = function (w) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = w;
		if ((((_local2 == undefined) || (typeof(_local2) != "number")) || (_local2 <= 0)) || (!_local1.enable)) {
		} else {
			_local1.proxyBox_mc._width = _local2;
			_local1.container_mc.removeMovieClip();
			_local1.measureItmHgt();
			_local1.container_mc = _local1.superHolder.createEmptyMovieClip("container", 3);
			_local1.container_mc.tabChildren = false;
			_local1.setPopUpLocation(_local1.container_mc);
			_local1.container_mc.attachMovie("FBoundingBoxSymbol", "boundingBox_mc", 0);
			_local1.boundingBox_mc = _local1.container_mc.boundingBox_mc;
			_local1.boundingBox_mc.component = _local1;
			_local1.registerSkinElement(_local1.boundingBox_mc.boundingBox, "background");
			_local1.proxyBox_mc._height = _local1.itmHgt;
			_local1.numDisplayed = Math.min(_local1.rowCount, _local1.getLength());
			if (_local1.numDisplayed < 3) {
				_local1.numDisplayed = Math.min(3, _local1.getLength());
			}
			_local1.height = (_local1.numDisplayed * (_local1.itmHgt - 2)) + 2;
			super.setSize(_local2, _local1.height);
			_local1.attachMovie("DownArrow", "downArrow", 10);
			_local1.downArrow._y = 0;
			_local1.downArrow._width = _local1.itmHgt;
			_local1.downArrow._height = _local1.itmHgt;
			_local1.downArrow._x = _local1.proxyBox_mc._width - _local1.downArrow._width;
			_local1.setEditable(_local1.editable);
			_local1.container_mc._visible = _local1.opened;
			_local1.highlightTop(false);
			_local1.fader = _local1.superHolder.attachMovie("FBoundingBoxSymbol", "faderX", 4);
			_local1.registerSkinElement(_local1.fader.boundingBox, "background");
			_local1.fader._width = _local1.width;
			_local1.fader._height = _local1.height;
			_local1.fader._visible = false;
		}
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.setDataProvider = function (dp) {
		super.setDataProvider(dp);
		this.invalidate("setSize");
		this.setSelectedIndex(0);
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.getValue = function () {
		if (this.editable) {
			return(this.fLabel_mc.getLabel());
		}
		return(super.getValue());
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.getRowCount = function () {
		return(this.rowCount);
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.setRowCount = function (count) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local3 = count;
		_local1.rowCount = ((_local1.getLength() > _local3) ? (Math.max(_local3, 3)) : (_local3));
		_local1.setSize(_local1.width);
		var _local2 = _local1.getLength();
		if ((_local2 - _local1.getScrollPosition()) < _local1.rowCount) {
			_local1.setScrollPosition(_local2 - Math.min(_local1.rowCount, _local2));
			_local1.invalidate("updateControl");
		}
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.setEditable = function (editableFlag) {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (!_local1.enable) {
		} else {
			_local1.editable = editableFlag;
			if (!_local1.editable) {
				_local1.onPress = _local1.pressHandler;
				_local1.useHandCursor = false;
				_local1.trackAsMenu = true;
				_local1.attachMovie("FComboBoxItemSymbol", "fLabel_mc", 5, {controller:_local1, itemNum:-1});
				_local1.fLabel_mc.onRollOver = undefined;
				_local1.fLabel_mc.setSize((_local1.width - _local1.itmHgt) + 1, _local1.itmHgt);
				_local1.topLabel = _local1.getSelectedItem();
				_local1.fLabel_mc.drawItem(_local1.topLabel, false);
				_local1.highlightTop(false);
			} else {
				_local1.attachMovie("FLabelSymbol", "fLabel_mc", 5);
				_local1.fLabel_txt = _local1.fLabel_mc.labelField;
				_local1.fLabel_txt.type = "input";
				_local1.fLabel_txt._x = 4;
				_local1.fLabel_txt.onSetFocus = _local1.onLabelFocus;
				_local1.fLabel_mc.setSize((_local1.width - _local1.itmHgt) - 3);
				delete _local1.onPress;
				_local1.fLabel_txt.onKillFocus = function () {
					this._parent._parent.myOnKillFocus();
				};
				_local1.fLabel_mc.setLabel(_local1.value);
				_local1.fLabel_txt.onChanged = function () {
					this._parent._parent.findInputText();
				};
				_local1.downArrow.onPress = _local1.buttonPressHandler;
				_local1.downArrow.useHandCursor = false;
				_local1.downArrow.trackAsMenu = true;
			}
		}
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.setEnabled = function (enabledFlag) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = enabledFlag;
		_local2 = (((_local2 == undefined) || (typeof(_local2) != "boolean")) ? true : (_local2));
		super.setEnabled(_local2);
		_local1.registerSkinElement(_local1.boundingBox_mc.boundingBox, "background");
		_local1.proxyBox_mc.gotoAndStop((_local1.enable ? "enabled" : "disabled"));
		_local1.downArrow.gotoAndStop((_local1.enable ? 1 : 3));
		if (_local1.editable) {
			_local1.fLabel_txt.type = (_local2 ? "input" : "dynamic");
			_local1.fLabel_txt.selectable = _local2;
		} else if (_local2) {
			_local1.fLabel_mc.drawItem(_local1.topLabel, false);
			_local1.setSelectedIndex(_local1.getSelectedIndex(), false);
		}
		_local1.fLabel_mc.setEnabled(_local1.enable);
		_local1.fLabel_txt.onSetFocus = (_local2 ? (_local1.onLabelFocus) : undefined);
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.setSelectedIndex = function (index, flag) {
		var _local1 = this;
		super.setSelectedIndex(index, flag);
		if (!_local1.editable) {
			_local1.topLabel = _local1.getSelectedItem();
			_local1.fLabel_mc.drawItem(_local1.topLabel, false);
		} else {
			_local1.value = ((flag != undefined) ? "" : (_local1.getSelectedItem().label));
			_local1.fLabel_mc.setLabel(_local1.value);
		}
		_local1.invalidate("updateControl");
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.setValue = function (value) {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (_local1.editable) {
			_local1.fLabel_mc.setLabel(value);
			_local1.value = value;
		}
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.pressHandler = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.focusRect.removeMovieClip();
		if (_local1.enable) {
			if (!_local1.opened) {
				_local1.onMouseUp = _local1.releaseHandler;
			} else {
				_local1.onMouseUp = undefined;
			}
			_local1.changeFlag = false;
			if (!_local1.focused) {
				_local1.pressFocus();
				_local1.clickFilter = (_local1.editable ? false : true);
			}
			if (!_local1.clickFilter) {
				_local1.openOrClose(!_local1.opened);
			} else {
				_local1.clickFilter = false;
			}
		}
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.clickHandler = function (itmNum) {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (!_local1.focused) {
			if (_local1.editable) {
				_local1.fLabel_txt.onKillFocus = undefined;
			}
			_local1.pressFocus();
		}
		super.clickHandler(itmNum);
		_local1.selectionHandler(itmNum);
		_local1.onMouseUp = _local1.releaseHandler;
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.highlightTop = function (flag) {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (!_local1.editable) {
			_local1.fLabel_mc.drawItem(_local1.topLabel, flag);
		}
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.myOnSetFocus = function () {
		super.myOnSetFocus();
		this.fLabel_mc.highlight_mc.gotoAndStop("enabled");
		this.highlightTop(true);
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.drawFocusRect = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.drawRect(-2, -2, _local1.width + 4, _local1._height + 4);
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.myOnKillFocus = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (Selection.getFocus().indexOf("labelField") != -1) {
		} else {
			super.myOnKillFocus();
			delete _local1.fLabel_txt.onKeyDown;
			_local1.openOrClose(false);
			_local1.highlightTop(false);
		}
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.setPopUpLocation = function (mcRef) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local3 = mcRef;
		_local3._x = _local1._x;
		var _local2 = {x:_local1._x, y:_local1._y + _local1.proxyBox_mc._height};
		_local1._parent.localToGlobal(_local2);
		_local3._parent.globalToLocal(_local2);
		_local3._x = _local2.x;
		_local3._y = _local2.y;
		if ((_local1.height + _local3._y) >= Stage.height) {
			_local1.upward = true;
			_local3._y = (_local2.y - _local1.height) - _local1.proxyBox_mc._height;
		} else {
			_local1.upward = false;
		}
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.openOrClose = function (flag) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = flag;
		if (_local1.getLength() == 0) {
		} else {
			_local1.setPopUpLocation(_local1.container_mc);
			if ((_local1.lastSelected != -1) && ((_local1.lastSelected < _local1.topDisplayed) || (_local1.lastSelected > (_local1.topDisplayed + _local1.numDisplayed)))) {
				super.moveSelBy(_local1.lastSelected - _local1.getSelectedIndex());
			}
			if (!_local2) {
				(_local1.downArrow.gotoAndStop(1));// not popped
			} else {
				(_local1.downArrow.gotoAndStop(2));// not popped
			}
			if (_local2 == _local1.opened) {
			} else {
				_local1.highlightTop(!_local2);
				_local1.fadeRate = _local1.styleTable.popUpFade.value;
				if (((!_local2) || (_local1.fadeRate == undefined)) || (_local1.fadeRate == 0)) {
					_local1.opened = (_local1.container_mc._visible = _local2);
				} else {
					_local1.setPopUpLocation(_local1.fader);
					_local1.time = 0;
					_local1.const = 85 / Math.sqrt(_local1.fadeRate);
					_local1.fader._alpha = 85;
					_local1.container_mc._visible = (_local1.fader._visible = true);
					_local1.onEnterFrame = function () {
						var _local1 = this;
						_local1.fader._alpha = 100 - ((_local1.const * Math.sqrt(++_local1.time)) + 15);
						if (_local1.time >= _local1.fadeRate) {
							_local1.fader._visible = false;
							delete _local1.onEnterFrame;
							_local1.opened = true;
						}
					};
				}
			}
		}
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.fireChange = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.lastSelected = _local1.getSelectedIndex();
		if (!_local1.editable) {
			_local1.topLabel = _local1.getSelectedItem();
			_local1.fLabel_mc.drawItem(_local1.topLabel, true);
		} else {
			_local1.value = _local1.getSelectedItem().label;
			_local1.fLabel_mc.setLabel(_local1.value);
		}
		_local1.executeCallback();
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.releaseHandler = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = _root;
		var _local3 = _local1.boundingBox_mc.hitTest(_local2._xmouse, _local2._ymouse);
		if (_local1.changeFlag) {
			if (_local3) {
				_local1.fireChange();
			}
			_local1.openOrClose(!_local1.opened);
		} else if (_local3) {
			_local1.openOrClose(false);
		} else {
			_local1.onMouseDown = function () {
				var _local1 = this;
				var _local2 = _root;
				if ((!_local1.boundingBox_mc.hitTest(_local2._xmouse, _local2._ymouse)) && (!_local1.hitTest(_local2._xmouse, _local2._ymouse))) {
					_local1.onMouseDown = undefined;
					_local1.openOrClose(false);
				}
			};
		}
		_local1.changeFlag = false;
		_local1.onMouseUp = undefined;
		clearInterval(_local1.dragScrolling);
		_local1.dragScrolling = undefined;
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.moveSelBy = function (itemNum) {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (itemNum != 0) {
			super.moveSelBy(itemNum);
			if (_local1.editable) {
				_local1.setValue(_local1.getSelectedItem().label);
			}
			if (!_local1.opened) {
				if (_local1.changeFlag && (!_local1.isSelected(_local1.lastSelected))) {
					_local1.fireChange();
				}
			}
		}
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.myOnKeyDown = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (!_local1.focused) {
		} else {
			if (_local1.editable && (Key.isDown(13))) {
				_local1.setValue(_local1.fLabel_mc.getLabel());
				_local1.executeCallback();
				_local1.openOrClose(false);
			} else if ((Key.isDown(13) || (Key.isDown(32) && (!_local1.editable))) && (_local1.opened)) {
				if (_local1.getSelectedIndex() != _local1.lastSelected) {
					_local1.fireChange();
				}
				_local1.openOrClose(false);
				_local1.fLabel_txt.hscroll = 0;
			}
			super.myOnKeyDown();
		}
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.findInputText = function () {
		if (!this.editable) {
			super.findInputText();
		}
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.onLabelFocus = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1._parent._parent.tabFocused = false;
		_local1._parent._parent.focused = true;
		_local1.onKeyDown = function () {
			this._parent._parent.myOnKeyDown();
		};
		Key.addListener(_local1);
	};
	FComboBoxClass.prototype.buttonPressHandler = function () {
		this._parent.pressHandler();
	};
	#endinitclip

	this.deadPreview._visible = false;
Instance of Symbol 779 MovieClip [FScrollSelectListSymbol] "superClassAsset" in Symbol 783 MovieClip [FComboBoxSymbol] Frame 1
//component parameters
onClipEvent (initialize) {
}
Symbol 792 MovieClip Frame 1
	mapCover_btn.useHandCursor = false;
Symbol 904 MovieClip [FScrollPaneSymbol] Frame 1
	#initclip 8
	function FScrollPaneClass() {
		var _local1 = this;
		function boolToString(str) {
			var _local1 = str;
			if (_local1 == "false") {
				return(false);
			}
			if (_local1 == "true") {
				return(true);
			}
			return(_local1);
		}
		_local1.init();
		_local1.width = _local1._width;
		_local1.height = _local1._height;
		_local1._xscale = (_local1._yscale = 100);
		_local1.contentWidth = (_local1.contentHeight = 0);
		if (_local1.hScroll == undefined) {
			_local1.hScroll = (_local1.vScroll = "auto");
			_local1.dragContent = false;
		}
		_local1.offset = new Object();
		_local1.vScroll = boolToString(_local1.vScroll);
		_local1.hScroll = boolToString(_local1.hScroll);
		_local1.attachMovie("FScrollBarSymbol", "hScrollBar_mc", 100, {hostStyle:_local1.styleTable});
		_local1.hScrollBar_mc.setHorizontal(true);
		_local1.hScrollBar_mc.setSmallScroll(5);
		_local1.hScrollBar_mc.setChangeHandler("onScroll", _local1);
		_local1.attachMovie("FScrollBarSymbol", "vScrollBar_mc", 99, {hostStyle:_local1.styleTable});
		_local1.vScrollBar_mc.setSmallScroll(5);
		_local1.vScrollBar_mc.setChangeHandler("onScroll", _local1);
		_local1.setSize(_local1.width, _local1.height);
		if (_local1.scrollContent != "") {
			_local1.setScrollContent(_local1.scrollContent);
		}
		_local1.setDragContent(_local1.dragContent);
	}
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype = new FUIComponentClass();
	Object.registerClass("FScrollPaneSymbol", FScrollPaneClass);
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype.getScrollContent = function () {
		return(this.content_mc);
	};
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype.getPaneWidth = function () {
		return(this.width);
	};
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype.getPaneHeight = function () {
		return(this.height);
	};
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype.getScrollPosition = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local3 = ((_local1.hScrollBar_mc == undefined) ? 0 : (_local1.hScrollBar_mc.getScrollPosition()));
		var _local2 = ((_local1.vScrollBar_mc == undefined) ? 0 : (_local1.vScrollBar_mc.getScrollPosition()));
		return({x:_local3, y:_local2});
	};
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype.setScrollContent = function (target) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = target;
		_local1.offset.x = 0;
		_local1.offset.y = 0;
		if (_local1.content_mc != undefined) {
			if (_local2 != _local1.content_mc) {
				_local1.content_mc._visible = false;
				_local1.content_mc.removeMovieClip();
				_local1.content_mc.unloadMovie();
			}
		}
		if (typeof(_local2) == "string") {
			_local1.attachMovie(_local2, "tmp_mc", 3);
			_local1.content_mc = _local1.tmp_mc;
		} else if (_local2 == undefined) {
			_local1.content_mc.unloadMovie();
		} else {
			_local1.content_mc = _local2;
		}
		_local1.localToGlobal(_local1.offset);
		_local1.content_mc._parent.globalToLocal(_local1.offset);
		_local1.content_mc._x = _local1.offset.x;
		_local1.content_mc._y = _local1.offset.y;
		var _local3 = _local1.content_mc.getBounds(_local1);
		_local1.offset.x = -_local3.xMin;
		_local1.offset.y = -_local3.yMin;
		_local1.localToGlobal(_local1.offset);
		_local1.content_mc._parent.globalToLocal(_local1.offset);
		_local1.content_mc._x = _local1.offset.x;
		_local1.content_mc._y = _local1.offset.y;
		_local1.contentWidth = _local1.content_mc._width;
		_local1.contentHeight = _local1.content_mc._height;
		_local1.content_mc.setMask(_local1.mask_mc);
		_local1.setSize(_local1.width, _local1.height);
	};
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype.setSize = function (w, h) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = h;
		var _local3 = w;
		if (((arguments.length < 2) || (isNaN(_local3))) || (isNaN(_local2))) {
		} else {
			super.setSize(_local3, _local2);
			_local1.width = Math.max(_local3, 60);
			_local1.height = Math.max(_local2, 60);
			_local1.boundingBox_mc._xscale = 100;
			_local1.boundingBox_mc._yscale = 100;
			_local1.boundingBox_mc._width = _local1.width;
			_local1.boundingBox_mc._height = _local1.height;
			_local1.setHandV();
			_local1.initScrollBars();
			if (_local1.mask_mc == undefined) {
				_local1.attachMovie("FBoundingBoxSymbol", "mask_mc", 3000);
			}
			_local1.mask_mc._xscale = 100;
			_local1.mask_mc._yscale = 100;
			_local1.mask_mc._width = _local1.hWidth;
			_local1.mask_mc._height = _local1.vHeight;
			_local1.mask_mc._alpha = 0;
		}
	};
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype.setScrollPosition = function (x, y) {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local2 = y;
		var _local3 = x;
		_local3 = Math.max(_local1.hScrollBar_mc.minPos, _local3);
		_local3 = Math.min(_local1.hScrollBar_mc.maxPos, _local3);
		_local2 = Math.max(_local1.vScrollBar_mc.minPos, _local2);
		_local2 = Math.min(_local1.vScrollBar_mc.maxPos, _local2);
		_local1.hScrollBar_mc.setScrollPosition(_local3);
		_local1.vScrollBar_mc.setScrollPosition(_local2);
	};
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype.refreshPane = function () {
		this.setScrollContent(this.content_mc);
	};
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype.loadScrollContent = function (url, handler, location) {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.content_mc.removeMovieClip();
		_local1.content_mc.unloadMovie();
		_local1.content_mc._visible = 0;
		_local1.loadContent.duplicateMovieClip("loadTemp", 3);
		_local1.dupeFlag = true;
		_local1.contentLoaded = function () {
			var _local1 = this;
			_local1.loadReady = false;
			_local1.content_mc = _local1.loadTemp;
			_local1.refreshPane();
			_local1.executeCallBack();
		};
		_local1.setChangeHandler(handler, location);
		_local1.loadTemp.loadMovie(url);
	};
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype.setHScroll = function (prop) {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.hScroll = prop;
		_local1.setSize(_local1.width, _local1.height);
	};
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype.setVScroll = function (prop) {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.vScroll = prop;
		_local1.setSize(_local1.width, _local1.height);
	};
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype.setDragContent = function (dragFlag) {
		var _local1 = this;
		if (dragFlag) {
			_local1.boundingBox_mc.useHandCursor = true;
			_local1.boundingBox_mc.onPress = function () {
				this._parent.startDragLoop();
			};
			_local1.boundingBox_mc.tabEnabled = false;
			_local1.boundingBox_mc.onRelease = (_local1.boundingBox_mc.onReleaseOutside = function () {
				this._parent.pressFocus();
				this._parent.onMouseMove = null;
			});
		} else {
			delete _local1.boundingBox_mc.onPress;
			_local1.boundingBox_mc.useHandCursor = false;
		}
	};
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype.setSmallScroll = function (x, y) {
		this.hScrollBar_mc.setSmallScroll(x);
		this.vScrollBar_mc.setSmallScroll(y);
	};
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype.setHandV = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		if ((((_local1.contentHeight - _local1.height) > 2) && (_local1.vScroll != false)) || (_local1.vScroll == true)) {
			_local1.hWidth = _local1.width - _local1.vScrollBar_mc._width;
		} else {
			_local1.hWidth = _local1.width;
		}
		if ((((_local1.contentWidth - _local1.width) > 2) && (_local1.hScroll != false)) || (_local1.hScroll == true)) {
			_local1.vHeight = _local1.height - _local1.hScrollBar_mc._height;
		} else {
			_local1.vHeight = _local1.height;
		}
	};
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype.startDragLoop = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.tabFocused = false;
		_local1.myOnSetFocus();
		_local1.lastX = _local1._xmouse;
		_local1.lastY = _local1._ymouse;
		_local1.onMouseMove = function () {
			var _local1 = this;
			_local1.scrollXMove = _local1.lastX - _local1._xmouse;
			_local1.scrollYMove = _local1.lastY - _local1._ymouse;
			_local1.scrollXMove = _local1.scrollXMove + _local1.hScrollBar_mc.getScrollPosition();
			_local1.scrollYMove = _local1.scrollYMove + _local1.vScrollBar_mc.getScrollPosition();
			_local1.setScrollPosition(_local1.scrollXMove, _local1.scrollYMove);
			if ((_local1.scrollXMove < _local1.hScrollBar_mc.maxPos) && (_local1.scrollXMove > _local1.hScrollBar_mc.minPos)) {
				_local1.lastX = _local1._xmouse;
			}
			if ((_local1.scrollYMove < _local1.vScrollBar_mc.maxPos) && (_local1.scrollYMove > _local1.vScrollBar_mc.minPos)) {
				_local1.lastY = _local1._ymouse;
			}
			_local1.updateAfterEvent();
		};
	};
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype.initScrollBars = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		_local1.hScrollBar_mc._y = _local1.height - _local1.hScrollBar_mc._height;
		_local1.hScrollBar_mc.setSize(_local1.hWidth);
		_local1.hScrollBar_mc.setScrollProperties(_local1.hWidth, 0, _local1.contentWidth - _local1.hWidth);
		_local1.vScrollBar_mc._visible = ((_local1.hWidth == _local1.width) ? false : true);
		_local1.vScrollBar_mc._x = _local1.width - _local1.vScrollBar_mc._width;
		_local1.vScrollBar_mc.setSize(_local1.vHeight);
		_local1.vScrollBar_mc.setScrollProperties(_local1.vHeight, 0, _local1.contentHeight - _local1.vHeight);
		_local1.hScrollBar_mc._visible = ((_local1.vHeight == _local1.height) ? false : true);
	};
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype.onScroll = function (component) {
		var _local2 = this;
		var _local3 = component;
		var _local1 = _local3.getScrollPosition();
		var XorY = ((_local3._name == "hScrollBar_mc") ? "x" : "y");
		if (_local3._name == "hScrollBar_mc") {
			_local2.content_mc._x = (-_local1) + _local2.offset.x;
		} else {
			_local2.content_mc._y = (-_local1) + _local2.offset.y;
		}
	};
	FScrollPaneClass.prototype.myOnKeyDown = function () {
		var _local1 = this;
		var _local3 = _local1.hScrollBar_mc.getScrollPosition();
		var _local2 = _local1.vScrollBar_mc.getScrollPosition();
		if (_local1.hScrollBar_mc.maxPos > _local1.hScrollBar_mc.minPos) {
			if (Key.isDown(37)) {
				_local1.setScrollPosition(_local3 - 3, _local2);
			} else if (Key.isDown(39)) {
				_local1.setScrollPosition(_local3 + 3, _local2);
			}
		}
		if (_local1.vScrollBar_mc.maxPos > _local1.vScrollBar_mc.minPos) {
			if (Key.isDown(38)) {
				_local1.setScrollPosition(_local3, _local2 - 3);
			} else if (Key.isDown(40)) {
				_local1.setScrollPosition(_local3, _local2 + 3);
			} else if (Key.isDown(34)) {
				_local1.setScrollPosition(_local3, _local2 + _local1.vScrollBar_mc.pageSize);
			} else if (Key.isDown(33)) {
				_local1.setScrollPosition(_local3, _local2 - _local1.vScrollBar_mc.pageSize);
			}
		}
	};
	#endinitclip

	this.deadPreview._visible = false;
Instance of Symbol 741 MovieClip [FScrollBarSymbol] "scrollBarAsset" in Symbol 904 MovieClip [FScrollPaneSymbol] Frame 1
//component parameters
onClipEvent (initialize) {
	_targetInstanceName = "";
	horizontal = false;
}
Instance of Symbol 901 MovieClip "loadContent" in Symbol 904 MovieClip [FScrollPaneSymbol] Frame 1
onClipEvent (load) {
	if (this._parent.loadReady) {
		this._parent.contentLoaded();
		delete this._parent.loadReady;
	} else if (this._name != "loadContent") {
		this._parent.loadReady = true;
	}
}
Symbol 1028 Button
on (release) {
	playAgain();
}
Symbol 1036 Button
on (release) {
	exitGame();
}
Symbol 1044 MovieClip Frame 1
	this._visible = false;

Library Items

Symbol 1 Sound [yes2_sound]	Used by:787
Symbol 2 Sound [right5_sound]	Used by:787
Symbol 3 Sound [right1_sound]	Used by:787
Symbol 4 Sound [M_Error]	Used by:787
Symbol 5 Sound [great2_sound]	Used by:787
Symbol 6 Sound [good1_sound]	Used by:787
Symbol 7 Graphic	Used by:8 75 79 80 89 117
Symbol 8 MovieClip [frb_hitArea]	Uses:7
Symbol 9 Graphic	Used by:10
Symbol 10 MovieClip	Uses:9	Used by:17
Symbol 11 Graphic	Used by:12
Symbol 12 MovieClip	Uses:11	Used by:17
Symbol 13 Graphic	Used by:14
Symbol 14 MovieClip	Uses:13	Used by:17
Symbol 15 Graphic	Used by:16
Symbol 16 MovieClip	Uses:15	Used by:17
Symbol 17 MovieClip	Uses:10 12 14 16	Used by:32
Symbol 18 Graphic	Used by:19
Symbol 19 MovieClip	Uses:18	Used by:20
Symbol 20 MovieClip	Uses:19	Used by:32
Symbol 21 Graphic	Used by:22 24
Symbol 22 MovieClip	Uses:21	Used by:23
Symbol 23 MovieClip	Uses:22	Used by:32
Symbol 24 MovieClip	Uses:21	Used by:25
Symbol 25 MovieClip	Uses:24	Used by:32
Symbol 26 Graphic	Used by:27
Symbol 27 MovieClip	Uses:26	Used by:28
Symbol 28 MovieClip	Uses:27	Used by:32
Symbol 29 Graphic	Used by:30
Symbol 30 MovieClip	Uses:29	Used by:31
Symbol 31 MovieClip	Uses:30	Used by:32
Symbol 32 MovieClip [frb_states]	Uses:17 20 23 25 28 31
Symbol 33 Font	Used by:34 729 730 731 738 747 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899
Symbol 34 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:35
Symbol 35 MovieClip [FLabelSymbol]	Uses:34
Symbol 36 Graphic	Used by:37
Symbol 37 MovieClip	Uses:36	Used by:38
Symbol 38 MovieClip [FHighlightSymbol]	Uses:37
Symbol 39 MovieClip [FUIComponentSymbol]
Symbol 40 Graphic	Used by:41 59 76 77 83 84 86 92 104 746 788
Symbol 41 MovieClip	Uses:40	Used by:52
Symbol 42 Graphic	Used by:43
Symbol 43 MovieClip	Uses:42	Used by:52
Symbol 44 Graphic	Used by:45 65 95 110
Symbol 45 MovieClip	Uses:44	Used by:52
Symbol 46 Graphic	Used by:47 66 96 111
Symbol 47 MovieClip	Uses:46	Used by:52
Symbol 48 Graphic	Used by:49 54 64 97 101 109 118
Symbol 49 MovieClip	Uses:48	Used by:52
Symbol 50 Graphic	Used by:51 53 63 98 100 108 123
Symbol 51 MovieClip	Uses:50	Used by:52
Symbol 52 MovieClip	Uses:41 43 45 47 49 51	Used by:72
Symbol 53 MovieClip	Uses:50	Used by:62
Symbol 54 MovieClip	Uses:48	Used by:62
Symbol 55 Graphic	Used by:56 102
Symbol 56 MovieClip	Uses:55	Used by:62
Symbol 57 Graphic	Used by:58 103
Symbol 58 MovieClip	Uses:57	Used by:62
Symbol 59 MovieClip	Uses:40	Used by:62
Symbol 60 Graphic	Used by:61
Symbol 61 MovieClip	Uses:60	Used by:62
Symbol 62 MovieClip	Uses:53 54 56 58 59 61	Used by:72
Symbol 63 MovieClip	Uses:50	Used by:71
Symbol 64 MovieClip	Uses:48	Used by:71
Symbol 65 MovieClip	Uses:44	Used by:71
Symbol 66 MovieClip	Uses:46	Used by:71
Symbol 67 Graphic	Used by:68 112
Symbol 68 MovieClip	Uses:67	Used by:71
Symbol 69 Graphic	Used by:70
Symbol 70 MovieClip	Uses:69	Used by:71
Symbol 71 MovieClip	Uses:63 64 65 66 68 70	Used by:72
Symbol 72 MovieClip [UpArrow]	Uses:52 62 71
Symbol 73 Graphic	Used by:74
Symbol 74 MovieClip	Uses:73	Used by:78
Symbol 75 MovieClip	Uses:7	Used by:78
Symbol 76 MovieClip	Uses:40	Used by:78
Symbol 77 MovieClip	Uses:40	Used by:78
Symbol 78 MovieClip	Uses:74 75 76 77	Used by:91
Symbol 79 MovieClip	Uses:7	Used by:85
Symbol 80 MovieClip	Uses:7	Used by:85
Symbol 81 Graphic	Used by:82
Symbol 82 MovieClip	Uses:81	Used by:85
Symbol 83 MovieClip	Uses:40	Used by:85
Symbol 84 MovieClip	Uses:40	Used by:85
Symbol 85 MovieClip	Uses:79 80 82 83 84	Used by:91
Symbol 86 MovieClip	Uses:40	Used by:90
Symbol 87 Graphic	Used by:88
Symbol 88 MovieClip	Uses:87	Used by:90
Symbol 89 MovieClip	Uses:7	Used by:90
Symbol 90 MovieClip	Uses:86 88 89	Used by:91
Symbol 91 MovieClip [ScrollThumb]	Uses:78 85 90
Symbol 92 MovieClip	Uses:40	Used by:99
Symbol 93 Graphic	Used by:94
Symbol 94 MovieClip	Uses:93	Used by:99
Symbol 95 MovieClip	Uses:44	Used by:99
Symbol 96 MovieClip	Uses:46	Used by:99
Symbol 97 MovieClip	Uses:48	Used by:99
Symbol 98 MovieClip	Uses:50	Used by:99
Symbol 99 MovieClip	Uses:92 94 95 96 97 98	Used by:116
Symbol 100 MovieClip	Uses:50	Used by:107
Symbol 101 MovieClip	Uses:48	Used by:107
Symbol 102 MovieClip	Uses:55	Used by:107
Symbol 103 MovieClip	Uses:57	Used by:107
Symbol 104 MovieClip	Uses:40	Used by:107
Symbol 105 Graphic	Used by:106
Symbol 106 MovieClip	Uses:105	Used by:107
Symbol 107 MovieClip	Uses:100 101 102 103 104 106	Used by:116
Symbol 108 MovieClip	Uses:50	Used by:115
Symbol 109 MovieClip	Uses:48	Used by:115
Symbol 110 MovieClip	Uses:44	Used by:115
Symbol 111 MovieClip	Uses:46	Used by:115
Symbol 112 MovieClip	Uses:67	Used by:115
Symbol 113 Graphic	Used by:114
Symbol 114 MovieClip	Uses:113	Used by:115
Symbol 115 MovieClip	Uses:108 109 110 111 112 114	Used by:116
Symbol 116 MovieClip [DownArrow]	Uses:99 107 115
Symbol 117 MovieClip [fcb_hitArea]	Uses:7
Symbol 118 MovieClip	Uses:48	Used by:124
Symbol 119 Graphic	Used by:120
Symbol 120 MovieClip	Uses:119	Used by:124
Symbol 121 Graphic	Used by:122
Symbol 122 MovieClip	Uses:121	Used by:124
Symbol 123 MovieClip	Uses:50	Used by:124
Symbol 124 MovieClip	Uses:118 120 122 123	Used by:139
Symbol 125 Graphic	Used by:126 753
Symbol 126 MovieClip	Uses:125	Used by:127
Symbol 127 MovieClip	Uses:126	Used by:139
Symbol 128 Graphic	Used by:129 131 739
Symbol 129 MovieClip	Uses:128	Used by:130
Symbol 130 MovieClip	Uses:129	Used by:139
Symbol 131 MovieClip	Uses:128	Used by:132
Symbol 132 MovieClip	Uses:131	Used by:139
Symbol 133 Graphic	Used by:134
Symbol 134 MovieClip	Uses:133	Used by:135
Symbol 135 MovieClip	Uses:134	Used by:139
Symbol 136 Graphic	Used by:137
Symbol 137 MovieClip	Uses:136	Used by:138
Symbol 138 MovieClip	Uses:137	Used by:139
Symbol 139 MovieClip [fcb_states]	Uses:124 127 130 132 135 138
Symbol 140 Graphic	Used by:146
Symbol 141 Font	Used by:142 143 144 156 727 735 742 744 784 790 791 1016 1023 1031
Symbol 142 EditableText	Uses:141	Used by:146
Symbol 143 EditableText	Uses:141	Used by:146
Symbol 144 EditableText	Uses:141	Used by:146
Symbol 145 Graphic	Used by:146
Symbol 146 Button [ins_ok_btn]	Uses:140 142 143 144 145	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 147 Graphic	Used by:154 752
Symbol 148 Font	Used by:149 151 153 156 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 732 733 734 743 749 750 751 759 761 766 785 791 1016
Symbol 149 Text	Uses:148	Used by:154
Symbol 150 Graphic	Used by:154 752
Symbol 151 Text	Uses:148	Used by:154
Symbol 152 Graphic	Used by:154 752
Symbol 153 Text	Uses:148	Used by:154 Timeline
Symbol 154 Button [ShowScores]	Uses:147 149 150 151 152 153	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 155 Graphic	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 156 EditableText	Uses:141 148 615	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 157 Graphic	Used by:158 160 162 164 166 168 170 172 174 176 178 180 182 184 186 188 190 192 194 196 198 200 202 204 206 208 210 212 214 216 218 220 222 224 226 228 230 232 234 236 238 240 242 244 246 248 250 275 277 279 281 283 285 287 289 291 313 315 317 323 325 327 329 341 343 345 347 349 351 353 355 357 359 361 363 365 367 369
Symbol 158 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:159
Symbol 159 MovieClip [e1.mc]	Uses:158	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 160 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:161
Symbol 161 MovieClip [e4.mc]	Uses:160	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 162 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:163
Symbol 163 MovieClip [e12.mc]	Uses:162	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 164 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:165
Symbol 165 MovieClip [e20.mc]	Uses:164	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 166 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:167
Symbol 167 MovieClip [e23.mc]	Uses:166	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 168 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:169
Symbol 169 MovieClip [e2.mc]	Uses:168	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 170 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:171
Symbol 171 MovieClip [e5.mc]	Uses:170	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 172 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:173
Symbol 173 MovieClip [e6.mc]	Uses:172	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 174 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:175
Symbol 175 MovieClip [e7.mc]	Uses:174	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 176 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:177
Symbol 177 MovieClip [e8.mc]	Uses:176	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 178 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:179
Symbol 179 MovieClip [e9.mc]	Uses:178	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 180 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:181
Symbol 181 MovieClip [e13.mc]	Uses:180	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 182 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:183
Symbol 183 MovieClip [e14.mc]	Uses:182	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 184 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:185
Symbol 185 MovieClip [e15.mc]	Uses:184	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 186 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:187
Symbol 187 MovieClip [e16.mc]	Uses:186	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 188 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:189
Symbol 189 MovieClip [e17.mc]	Uses:188	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 190 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:191
Symbol 191 MovieClip [e18.mc]	Uses:190	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 192 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:193
Symbol 193 MovieClip [e24.mc]	Uses:192	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 194 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:195
Symbol 195 MovieClip [e25.mc]	Uses:194	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 196 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:197
Symbol 197 MovieClip [e26.mc]	Uses:196	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 198 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:199
Symbol 199 MovieClip [e27.mc]	Uses:198	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 200 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:201
Symbol 201 MovieClip [e29.mc]	Uses:200	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 202 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:203
Symbol 203 MovieClip [e30.mc]	Uses:202	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 204 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:205
Symbol 205 MovieClip [e31.mc]	Uses:204	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 206 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:207
Symbol 207 MovieClip [e32.mc]	Uses:206	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 208 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:209
Symbol 209 MovieClip [e33.mc]	Uses:208	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 210 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:211
Symbol 211 MovieClip [e34.mc]	Uses:210	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 212 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:213
Symbol 213 MovieClip [e35.mc]	Uses:212	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 214 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:215
Symbol 215 MovieClip [e36.mc]	Uses:214	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 216 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:217
Symbol 217 MovieClip [e38.mc]	Uses:216	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 218 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:219
Symbol 219 MovieClip [e39.mc]	Uses:218	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 220 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:221
Symbol 221 MovieClip [e40.mc]	Uses:220	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 222 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:223
Symbol 223 MovieClip [e41.mc]	Uses:222	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 224 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:225
Symbol 225 MovieClip [e42.mc]	Uses:224	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 226 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:227
Symbol 227 MovieClip [e43.mc]	Uses:226	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 228 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:229
Symbol 229 MovieClip [e44.mc]	Uses:228	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 230 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:231
Symbol 231 MovieClip [e45.mc]	Uses:230	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 232 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:233
Symbol 233 MovieClip [e46.mc]	Uses:232	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 234 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:235
Symbol 235 MovieClip [e47.mc]	Uses:234	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 236 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:237
Symbol 237 MovieClip [e48.mc]	Uses:236	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 238 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:239
Symbol 239 MovieClip [e49.mc]	Uses:238	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 240 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:241
Symbol 241 MovieClip [e50.mc]	Uses:240	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 242 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:243
Symbol 243 MovieClip [e51.mc]	Uses:242	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 244 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:245
Symbol 245 MovieClip [e52.mc]	Uses:244	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 246 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:247
Symbol 247 MovieClip [e53.mc]	Uses:246	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 248 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:249
Symbol 249 MovieClip [e54.mc]	Uses:248	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 250 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:251
Symbol 251 MovieClip [e56.mc]	Uses:250	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 252 Graphic	Used by:253 255 257 259 261 263 265 267 269 271 273 293 295 297 299 301 303 305 307 309 311 319 321 331 333 335 337 339
Symbol 253 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:254
Symbol 254 MovieClip [e58.mc]	Uses:253	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 255 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:256
Symbol 256 MovieClip [e59.mc]	Uses:255	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 257 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:258
Symbol 258 MovieClip [e60.mc]	Uses:257	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 259 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:260
Symbol 260 MovieClip [e63.mc]	Uses:259	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 261 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:262
Symbol 262 MovieClip [e65.mc]	Uses:261	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 263 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:264
Symbol 264 MovieClip [e66.mc]	Uses:263	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 265 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:266
Symbol 266 MovieClip [e67.mc]	Uses:265	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 267 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:268
Symbol 268 MovieClip [e68.mc]	Uses:267	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 269 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:270
Symbol 270 MovieClip [e69.mc]	Uses:269	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 271 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:272
Symbol 272 MovieClip [e70.mc]	Uses:271	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 273 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:274
Symbol 274 MovieClip [e71.mc]	Uses:273	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 275 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:276
Symbol 276 MovieClip [e74.mc]	Uses:275	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 277 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:278
Symbol 278 MovieClip [e75.mc]	Uses:277	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 279 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:280
Symbol 280 MovieClip [e78_mc]	Uses:279	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 281 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:282
Symbol 282 MovieClip [e79.mc]	Uses:281	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 283 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:284
Symbol 284 MovieClip [e80.mc]	Uses:283	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 285 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:286
Symbol 286 MovieClip [e81.mc]	Uses:285	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 287 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:288
Symbol 288 MovieClip [e82.mc]	Uses:287	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 289 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:290
Symbol 290 MovieClip [e83.mc]	Uses:289	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 291 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:292
Symbol 292 MovieClip [e84.mc]	Uses:291	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 293 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:294
Symbol 294 MovieClip [e90.mc]	Uses:293	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 295 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:296
Symbol 296 MovieClip [e91.mc]	Uses:295	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 297 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:298
Symbol 298 MovieClip [e92.mc]	Uses:297	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 299 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:300
Symbol 300 MovieClip [e93.mc]	Uses:299	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 301 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:302
Symbol 302 MovieClip [e94.mc]	Uses:301	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 303 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:304
Symbol 304 MovieClip [e95.mc]	Uses:303	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 305 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:306
Symbol 306 MovieClip [e102.mc]	Uses:305	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 307 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:308
Symbol 308 MovieClip [e103.mc]	Uses:307	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 309 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:310
Symbol 310 MovieClip [e96.mc]	Uses:309	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 311 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:312
Symbol 312 MovieClip [e64.mc]	Uses:311	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 313 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:314
Symbol 314 MovieClip [e10_mc]	Uses:313	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 315 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:316
Symbol 316 MovieClip [e105.mc]	Uses:315	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 317 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:318
Symbol 318 MovieClip [e104.mc]	Uses:317	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 319 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:320
Symbol 320 MovieClip [e62.mc]	Uses:319	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 321 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:322
Symbol 322 MovieClip [e61.mc]	Uses:321	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 323 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:324
Symbol 324 MovieClip [e106.mc]	Uses:323	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 325 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:326
Symbol 326 MovieClip [e21.mc]	Uses:325	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 327 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:328
Symbol 328 MovieClip [e22.mc]	Uses:327	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 329 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:330
Symbol 330 MovieClip [e89.mc]	Uses:329	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 331 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:332
Symbol 332 MovieClip [e97.mc]	Uses:331	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 333 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:334
Symbol 334 MovieClip [e98.mc]	Uses:333	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 335 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:336
Symbol 336 MovieClip [e99.mc]	Uses:335	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 337 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:338
Symbol 338 MovieClip [e100.mc]	Uses:337	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 339 MovieClip	Uses:252	Used by:340
Symbol 340 MovieClip [e101.mc]	Uses:339	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 341 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:342
Symbol 342 MovieClip [e3.mc]	Uses:341	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 343 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:344
Symbol 344 MovieClip [e11.mc]	Uses:343	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 345 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:346
Symbol 346 MovieClip [e19.mc]	Uses:345	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 347 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:348
Symbol 348 MovieClip [e37.mc]	Uses:347	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 349 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:350
Symbol 350 MovieClip [e55.mc]	Uses:349	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 351 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:352
Symbol 352 MovieClip [e72.mc]	Uses:351	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 353 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:354
Symbol 354 MovieClip [e88.mc]	Uses:353	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 355 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:356
Symbol 356 MovieClip [e87.mc]	Uses:355	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 357 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:358
Symbol 358 MovieClip [e57.mc]	Uses:357	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 359 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:360
Symbol 360 MovieClip [e86_mc]	Uses:359	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 361 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:362
Symbol 362 MovieClip [e85.mc]	Uses:361	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 363 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:364
Symbol 364 MovieClip [e73.mc]	Uses:363	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 365 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:366
Symbol 366 MovieClip [e28.mc]	Uses:365	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 367 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:368
Symbol 368 MovieClip [e77.mc]	Uses:367	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 369 MovieClip	Uses:157	Used by:370
Symbol 370 MovieClip [e76.mc]	Uses:369	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 371 Graphic	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 372 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 373 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 374 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 375 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 376 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 377 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 378 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 379 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 380 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 381 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 382 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 383 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 384 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 385 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 386 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 387 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 388 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 389 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 390 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 391 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 392 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 393 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 394 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 395 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 396 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 397 Font	Used by:398 400 402 404 406 408 410 412 414 416 418 420 422 424 426 428 430 432 434 436 438 440 442 444 446 448 450 452 454 456 458 460 462 464 466 468 470 472 474 476 478 480 482 484 486 488 490 492 494 496 498 500 502 504 506 508 510 512 514 516 518 520 522 524 526 528 530 532 534 536 538 540 542 544 546 548 550 552 554 556 558 560 562 564 566 568 570 572 574 576 578 580 582 584 586 588 590 592 594 596 598 600 602 604 606 608 611 612 613 614 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 736 1015 1038 1041 1045 1046
Symbol 398 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:399
Symbol 399 MovieClip [1_name.mc]	Uses:398	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 400 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:401
Symbol 401 MovieClip [2_name.mc]	Uses:400	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 402 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:403
Symbol 403 MovieClip [3_name.mc]	Uses:402	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 404 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:405
Symbol 405 MovieClip [4_name.mc]	Uses:404	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 406 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:407
Symbol 407 MovieClip [5_name.mc]	Uses:406	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 408 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:409
Symbol 409 MovieClip [6_name.mc]	Uses:408	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 410 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:411
Symbol 411 MovieClip [7_name.mc]	Uses:410	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 412 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:413
Symbol 413 MovieClip [8_name.mc]	Uses:412	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 414 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:415
Symbol 415 MovieClip [9_name.mc]	Uses:414	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 416 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:417
Symbol 417 MovieClip [10_name.mc]	Uses:416	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 418 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:419
Symbol 419 MovieClip [11_name.mc]	Uses:418	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 420 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:421
Symbol 421 MovieClip [12_name.mc]	Uses:420	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 422 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:423
Symbol 423 MovieClip [13_name.mc]	Uses:422	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 424 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:425
Symbol 425 MovieClip [14_name.mc]	Uses:424	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 426 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:427
Symbol 427 MovieClip [15_name.mc]	Uses:426	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 428 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:429
Symbol 429 MovieClip [16_name.mc]	Uses:428	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 430 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:431
Symbol 431 MovieClip [17_name.mc]	Uses:430	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 432 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:433
Symbol 433 MovieClip [18_name.mc]	Uses:432	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 434 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:435
Symbol 435 MovieClip [19_name.mc]	Uses:434	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 436 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:437
Symbol 437 MovieClip [20_name.mc]	Uses:436	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 438 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:439
Symbol 439 MovieClip [21_name.mc]	Uses:438	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 440 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:441
Symbol 441 MovieClip [22_name.mc]	Uses:440	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 442 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:443
Symbol 443 MovieClip [23_name.mc]	Uses:442	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 444 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:445
Symbol 445 MovieClip [24_name.mc]	Uses:444	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 446 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:447
Symbol 447 MovieClip [25_name.mc]	Uses:446	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 448 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:449
Symbol 449 MovieClip [26_name.mc]	Uses:448	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 450 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:451
Symbol 451 MovieClip [27_name.mc]	Uses:450	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 452 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:453
Symbol 453 MovieClip [28_name.mc]	Uses:452	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 454 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:455
Symbol 455 MovieClip [29_name.mc]	Uses:454	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 456 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:457
Symbol 457 MovieClip [30_name.mc]	Uses:456	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 458 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:459
Symbol 459 MovieClip [31_name.mc]	Uses:458	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 460 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:461
Symbol 461 MovieClip [32_name.mc]	Uses:460	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 462 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:463
Symbol 463 MovieClip [33_name.mc]	Uses:462	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 464 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:465
Symbol 465 MovieClip [34_name.mc]	Uses:464	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 466 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:467
Symbol 467 MovieClip [35_name.mc]	Uses:466	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 468 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:469
Symbol 469 MovieClip [36_name.mc]	Uses:468	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 470 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:471
Symbol 471 MovieClip [37_name.mc]	Uses:470	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 472 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:473
Symbol 473 MovieClip [38_name.mc]	Uses:472	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 474 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:475
Symbol 475 MovieClip [39_name.mc]	Uses:474	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 476 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:477
Symbol 477 MovieClip [40_name.mc]	Uses:476	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 478 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:479
Symbol 479 MovieClip [41_name.mc]	Uses:478	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 480 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:481
Symbol 481 MovieClip [42_name.mc]	Uses:480	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 482 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:483
Symbol 483 MovieClip [43_name.mc]	Uses:482	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 484 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:485
Symbol 485 MovieClip [44_name.mc]	Uses:484	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 486 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:487
Symbol 487 MovieClip [45_name.mc]	Uses:486	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 488 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:489
Symbol 489 MovieClip [46_name.mc]	Uses:488	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 490 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:491
Symbol 491 MovieClip [47_name.mc]	Uses:490	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 492 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:493
Symbol 493 MovieClip [48_name.mc]	Uses:492	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 494 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:495
Symbol 495 MovieClip [49_name.mc]	Uses:494	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 496 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:497
Symbol 497 MovieClip [50_name.mc]	Uses:496	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 498 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:499
Symbol 499 MovieClip [51_name.mc]	Uses:498	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 500 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:501
Symbol 501 MovieClip [52_name.mc]	Uses:500	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 502 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:503
Symbol 503 MovieClip [53_name.mc]	Uses:502	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 504 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:505
Symbol 505 MovieClip [54_name.mc]	Uses:504	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 506 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:507
Symbol 507 MovieClip [55_name.mc]	Uses:506	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 508 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:509
Symbol 509 MovieClip [56_name.mc]	Uses:508	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 510 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:511
Symbol 511 MovieClip [57_name.mc]	Uses:510	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 512 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:513
Symbol 513 MovieClip [58_name.mc]	Uses:512	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 514 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:515
Symbol 515 MovieClip [59_name.mc]	Uses:514	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 516 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:517
Symbol 517 MovieClip [60_name.mc]	Uses:516	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 518 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:519
Symbol 519 MovieClip [61_name.mc]	Uses:518	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 520 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:521
Symbol 521 MovieClip [62_name.mc]	Uses:520	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 522 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:523
Symbol 523 MovieClip [63_name.mc]	Uses:522	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 524 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:525
Symbol 525 MovieClip [64_name.mc]	Uses:524	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 526 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:527
Symbol 527 MovieClip [65_name.mc]	Uses:526	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 528 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:529
Symbol 529 MovieClip [66_name.mc]	Uses:528	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 530 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:531
Symbol 531 MovieClip [67_name.mc]	Uses:530	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 532 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:533
Symbol 533 MovieClip [68_name.mc]	Uses:532	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 534 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:535
Symbol 535 MovieClip [69_name.mc]	Uses:534	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 536 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:537
Symbol 537 MovieClip [70_name.mc]	Uses:536	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 538 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:539
Symbol 539 MovieClip [71_name.mc]	Uses:538	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 540 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:541
Symbol 541 MovieClip [72_name.mc]	Uses:540	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 542 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:543
Symbol 543 MovieClip [73_name.mc]	Uses:542	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 544 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:545
Symbol 545 MovieClip [74_name.mc]	Uses:544	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 546 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:547
Symbol 547 MovieClip [75_name.mc]	Uses:546	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 548 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:549
Symbol 549 MovieClip [76_name.mc]	Uses:548	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 550 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:551
Symbol 551 MovieClip [77_name.mc]	Uses:550	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 552 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:553
Symbol 553 MovieClip [78_name.mc]	Uses:552	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 554 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:555
Symbol 555 MovieClip [79_name.mc]	Uses:554	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 556 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:557
Symbol 557 MovieClip [80_name.mc]	Uses:556	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 558 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:559
Symbol 559 MovieClip [81_name.mc]	Uses:558	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 560 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:561
Symbol 561 MovieClip [82_name.mc]	Uses:560	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 562 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:563
Symbol 563 MovieClip [83_name.mc]	Uses:562	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 564 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:565
Symbol 565 MovieClip [84_name.mc]	Uses:564	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 566 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:567
Symbol 567 MovieClip [85_name.mc]	Uses:566	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 568 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:569
Symbol 569 MovieClip [86_name.mc]	Uses:568	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 570 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:571
Symbol 571 MovieClip [87_name.mc]	Uses:570	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 572 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:573
Symbol 573 MovieClip [88_name.mc]	Uses:572	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 574 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:575
Symbol 575 MovieClip [89_name.mc]	Uses:574	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 576 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:577
Symbol 577 MovieClip [90_name.mc]	Uses:576	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 578 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:579
Symbol 579 MovieClip [91_name.mc]	Uses:578	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 580 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:581
Symbol 581 MovieClip [92_name.mc]	Uses:580	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 582 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:583
Symbol 583 MovieClip [93_name.mc]	Uses:582	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 584 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:585
Symbol 585 MovieClip [94_name.mc]	Uses:584	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 586 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:587
Symbol 587 MovieClip [95_name.mc]	Uses:586	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 588 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:589
Symbol 589 MovieClip [96_name.mc]	Uses:588	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 590 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:591
Symbol 591 MovieClip [97_name.mc]	Uses:590	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 592 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:593
Symbol 593 MovieClip [98_name.mc]	Uses:592	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 594 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:595
Symbol 595 MovieClip [99_name.mc]	Uses:594	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 596 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:597
Symbol 597 MovieClip [100_name.mc]	Uses:596	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 598 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:599
Symbol 599 MovieClip [101_name.mc]	Uses:598	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 600 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:601
Symbol 601 MovieClip [102_name.mc]	Uses:600	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 602 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:603
Symbol 603 MovieClip [103_name.mc]	Uses:602	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 604 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:605
Symbol 605 MovieClip [104_name.mc]	Uses:604	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 606 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:607
Symbol 607 MovieClip [105_name.mc]	Uses:606	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 608 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:609
Symbol 609 MovieClip [106_name.mc]	Uses:608	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 610 Graphic	Used by:620
Symbol 611 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:620
Symbol 612 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:620
Symbol 613 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:620
Symbol 614 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:620
Symbol 615 Font	Used by:156 616 617 618 619 1016
Symbol 616 Text	Uses:615	Used by:620
Symbol 617 Text	Uses:615	Used by:620
Symbol 618 Text	Uses:615	Used by:620
Symbol 619 Text	Uses:615	Used by:620
Symbol 620 MovieClip [atomicbox.mc]	Uses:610 611 612 613 614 616 617 618 619	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 621 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 622 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 623 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 624 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 625 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 626 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 627 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 628 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 629 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 630 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 631 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 632 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 633 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 634 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 635 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 636 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 637 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 638 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 639 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 640 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 641 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 642 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 643 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 644 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 645 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 646 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 647 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 648 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 649 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 650 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 651 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 652 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 653 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 654 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 655 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 656 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 657 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 658 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 659 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 660 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 661 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 662 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 663 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 664 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 665 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 666 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 667 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 668 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 669 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 670 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 671 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 672 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 673 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 674 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 675 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 676 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 677 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 678 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 679 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 680 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 681 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 682 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 683 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 684 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 685 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 686 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 687 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 688 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 689 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 690 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 691 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 692 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 693 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 694 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 695 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 696 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 697 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 698 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 699 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 700 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 701 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 702 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 703 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 704 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 705 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 706 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 707 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 708 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 709 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 710 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 711 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 712 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 713 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 714 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 715 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 716 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 717 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 718 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 719 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 720 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 721 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 722 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 723 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 724 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 725 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 726 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 727 EditableText	Uses:141	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 728 Graphic	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 729 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 730 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 731 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 732 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 733 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 734 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 735 Text	Uses:141	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 736 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 737 Graphic	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 738 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 739 MovieClip	Uses:128	Used by:740
Symbol 740 MovieClip	Uses:739	Used by:741
Symbol 741 MovieClip [FScrollBarSymbol]	Uses:740	Used by:779 904 Timeline
Symbol 742 Text	Uses:141	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 743 EditableText	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 744 Text	Uses:141	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 745 Graphic	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 746 MovieClip	Uses:40	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 747 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 748 Graphic	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 749 Text	Uses:148	Used by:752 Timeline
Symbol 750 Text	Uses:148	Used by:752
Symbol 751 Text	Uses:148	Used by:752
Symbol 752 Button [NextQuestion]	Uses:147 750 150 751 152 749	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 753 MovieClip	Uses:125	Used by:755
Symbol 754 Graphic	Used by:755
Symbol 755 MovieClip [FBoundingBoxSymbol]	Uses:753 754	Used by:758 783 904
Symbol 756 Graphic	Used by:757
Symbol 757 MovieClip	Uses:756	Used by:758
Symbol 758 MovieClip [FRadioButtonSymbol]	Uses:755 757	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 759 Text	Uses:148	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 760 Graphic	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 761 Text	Uses:148	Used by:765
Symbol 762 Graphic	Used by:765
Symbol 763 Graphic	Used by:765 769
Symbol 764 Graphic	Used by:765
Symbol 765 MovieClip	Uses:761 762 763 764	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 766 Text	Uses:148	Used by:769
Symbol 767 Graphic	Used by:769
Symbol 768 Graphic	Used by:769
Symbol 769 MovieClip	Uses:766 767 763 768	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 770 Graphic	Used by:771 775
Symbol 771 MovieClip	Uses:770	Used by:775
Symbol 772 Graphic	Used by:775 1042
Symbol 773 Font	Used by:774
Symbol 774 Text	Uses:773	Used by:775
Symbol 775 Button	Uses:771 772 774 770	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 776 MovieClip [DataProviderSymbol]	Used by:778
Symbol 777 MovieClip [FSelectableItemSymbol]	Used by:778
Symbol 778 MovieClip [FSelectableListSymbol]	Uses:776 777	Used by:779
Symbol 779 MovieClip [FScrollSelectListSymbol]	Uses:741 778	Used by:783
Symbol 780 MovieClip [FComboBoxItemSymbol]	Used by:783
Symbol 781 Graphic	Used by:782
Symbol 782 MovieClip	Uses:781	Used by:783
Symbol 783 MovieClip [FComboBoxSymbol]	Uses:779 780 755 782	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 784 Text	Uses:141	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 785 EditableText	Uses:148	Used by:786
Symbol 786 MovieClip	Uses:785	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 787 MovieClip [audioFeedback_mc]	Uses:1 2 3 4 5 6	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 788 Button	Uses:40	Used by:792
Symbol 789 Graphic	Used by:792
Symbol 790 Text	Uses:141	Used by:792
Symbol 791 Text	Uses:141 148	Used by:792
Symbol 792 MovieClip	Uses:788 789 790 791	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 793 Graphic	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 794 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 795 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 796 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 797 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 798 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 799 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 800 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 801 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 802 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 803 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 804 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 805 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 806 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 807 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 808 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 809 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 810 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 811 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 812 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 813 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 814 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 815 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 816 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 817 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 818 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 819 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 820 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 821 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 822 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 823 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 824 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 825 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 826 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 827 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 828 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 829 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 830 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 831 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 832 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 833 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 834 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 835 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 836 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 837 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 838 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 839 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 840 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 841 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 842 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 843 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 844 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 845 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 846 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 847 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 848 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 849 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 850 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 851 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 852 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 853 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 854 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 855 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 856 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 857 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 858 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 859 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 860 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 861 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 862 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 863 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 864 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 865 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 866 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 867 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 868 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 869 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 870 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 871 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 872 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 873 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 874 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 875 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 876 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 877 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 878 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 879 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 880 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 881 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 882 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 883 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 884 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 885 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 886 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 887 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 888 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 889 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 890 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 891 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 892 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 893 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 894 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 895 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 896 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 897 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 898 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 899 EditableText	Uses:33	Used by:900
Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc]	Uses:794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 901 MovieClip	Used by:904
Symbol 902 Graphic	Used by:903
Symbol 903 MovieClip	Uses:902	Used by:904
Symbol 904 MovieClip [FScrollPaneSymbol]	Uses:741 755 901 903	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 905 Sound [elem_106.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 906 Sound [elem_105.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 907 Sound [elem_104.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 908 Sound [elem_103.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 909 Sound [elem_102.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 910 Sound [elem_101.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 911 Sound [elem_100.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 912 Sound [elem_99.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 913 Sound [elem_98.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 914 Sound [elem_97.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 915 Sound [elem_96.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 916 Sound [elem_95.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 917 Sound [elem_94.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 918 Sound [elem_93.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 919 Sound [elem_92.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 920 Sound [elem_91.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 921 Sound [elem_90.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 922 Sound [elem_89.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 923 Sound [elem_88.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 924 Sound [elem_87.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 925 Sound [elem_86.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 926 Sound [elem_85.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 927 Sound [elem_84.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 928 Sound [elem_83.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 929 Sound [elem_82.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 930 Sound [elem_81.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 931 Sound [elem_80.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 932 Sound [elem_79.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 933 Sound [elem_78.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 934 Sound [elem_77.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 935 Sound [elem_76.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 936 Sound [elem_75.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 937 Sound [elem_74.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 938 Sound [elem_73.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 939 Sound [elem_72.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 940 Sound [elem_71.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 941 Sound [elem_70.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 942 Sound [elem_69.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 943 Sound [elem_68.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 944 Sound [elem_67.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 945 Sound [elem_66.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 946 Sound [elem_65.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 947 Sound [elem_64.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 948 Sound [elem_63.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 949 Sound [elem_62.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 950 Sound [elem_61.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 951 Sound [elem_60.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 952 Sound [elem_59.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 953 Sound [elem_58.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 954 Sound [elem_57.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 955 Sound [elem_56.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 956 Sound [elem_55.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 957 Sound [elem_54.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 958 Sound [elem_53.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 959 Sound [elem_52.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 960 Sound [elem_51.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 961 Sound [elem_50.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 962 Sound [elem_49.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 963 Sound [elem_48.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 964 Sound [elem_47.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 965 Sound [elem_46.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 966 Sound [elem_45.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 967 Sound [elem_44.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 968 Sound [elem_43.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 969 Sound [elem_42.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 970 Sound [elem_41.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 971 Sound [elem_40.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 972 Sound [elem_39.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 973 Sound [elem_38.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 974 Sound [elem_37.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 975 Sound [elem_36.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 976 Sound [elem_35.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 977 Sound [elem_34.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 978 Sound [elem_33.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 979 Sound [elem_32.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 980 Sound [elem_31.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 981 Sound [elem_30.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 982 Sound [elem_29.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 983 Sound [elem_28.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 984 Sound [elem_27.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 985 Sound [elem_26.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 986 Sound [elem_25.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 987 Sound [elem_24.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 988 Sound [elem_23.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 989 Sound [elem_22.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 990 Sound [elem_21.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 991 Sound [elem_20.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 992 Sound [elem_19.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 993 Sound [elem_18.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 994 Sound [elem_17.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 995 Sound [elem_15.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 996 Sound [elem_16.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 997 Sound [elem_14.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 998 Sound [elem_13.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 999 Sound [elem_12.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 1000 Sound [elem_11.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 1001 Sound [elem_10.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 1002 Sound [elem_9.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 1003 Sound [elem_8.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 1004 Sound [elem_7.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 1005 Sound [elem_6.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 1006 Sound [elem_5.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 1007 Sound [elem_4.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 1008 Sound [elem_3.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 1009 Sound [elem_2.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 1010 Sound [elem_1.mp3]	Used by:1011
Symbol 1011 MovieClip [audio.mc]	Uses:905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 1012 Graphic	Used by:1013
Symbol 1013 MovieClip	Uses:1012	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 1014 Graphic	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 1015 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 1016 EditableText	Uses:141 148 615	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 1017 Font	Used by:1018
Symbol 1018 EditableText	Uses:1017	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 1019 Graphic	Used by:1020 1028
Symbol 1020 MovieClip	Uses:1019	Used by:1028
Symbol 1021 Bitmap	Used by:1022 1024 1025 1027
Symbol 1022 Graphic	Uses:1021	Used by:1028
Symbol 1023 Text	Uses:141	Used by:1028
Symbol 1024 Graphic	Uses:1021	Used by:1028
Symbol 1025 Graphic	Uses:1021	Used by:1028
Symbol 1026 Graphic	Used by:1028
Symbol 1027 Graphic	Uses:1021	Used by:1028
Symbol 1028 Button	Uses:1020 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1019 1027	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 1029 Bitmap	Used by:1030 1032 1033 1035
Symbol 1030 Graphic	Uses:1029	Used by:1036
Symbol 1031 Text	Uses:141	Used by:1036
Symbol 1032 Graphic	Uses:1029	Used by:1036
Symbol 1033 Graphic	Uses:1029	Used by:1036
Symbol 1034 Graphic	Used by:1036
Symbol 1035 Graphic	Uses:1029	Used by:1036
Symbol 1036 Button	Uses:1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 1037 Graphic	Used by:1042
Symbol 1038 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:1042
Symbol 1039 Graphic	Used by:1042
Symbol 1040 Graphic	Used by:1042
Symbol 1041 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:1042
Symbol 1042 Button	Uses:772 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 1043 Graphic	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 1044 MovieClip	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 1045 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 1046 EditableText	Uses:397	Used by:Timeline
Symbol 1047 Graphic	Used by:Timeline

Instance Names

"e1_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 159 MovieClip [e1.mc]
"e4_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 161 MovieClip [e4.mc]
"e12_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 163 MovieClip [e12.mc]
"e20_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 165 MovieClip [e20.mc]
"e23_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 167 MovieClip [e23.mc]
"e2_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 169 MovieClip [e2.mc]
"e5_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 171 MovieClip [e5.mc]
"e6_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 173 MovieClip [e6.mc]
"e7_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 175 MovieClip [e7.mc]
"e8_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 177 MovieClip [e8.mc]
"e9_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 179 MovieClip [e9.mc]
"e13_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 181 MovieClip [e13.mc]
"e14_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 183 MovieClip [e14.mc]
"e15_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 185 MovieClip [e15.mc]
"e16_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 187 MovieClip [e16.mc]
"e17_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 189 MovieClip [e17.mc]
"e18_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 191 MovieClip [e18.mc]
"e24_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 193 MovieClip [e24.mc]
"e25_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 195 MovieClip [e25.mc]
"e26_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 197 MovieClip [e26.mc]
"e27_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 199 MovieClip [e27.mc]
"e29_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 201 MovieClip [e29.mc]
"e30_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 203 MovieClip [e30.mc]
"e31_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 205 MovieClip [e31.mc]
"e32_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 207 MovieClip [e32.mc]
"e33_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 209 MovieClip [e33.mc]
"e34_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 211 MovieClip [e34.mc]
"e35_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 213 MovieClip [e35.mc]
"e36_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 215 MovieClip [e36.mc]
"e38_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 217 MovieClip [e38.mc]
"e39_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 219 MovieClip [e39.mc]
"e40_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 221 MovieClip [e40.mc]
"e41_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 223 MovieClip [e41.mc]
"e42_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 225 MovieClip [e42.mc]
"e43_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 227 MovieClip [e43.mc]
"e44_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 229 MovieClip [e44.mc]
"e45_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 231 MovieClip [e45.mc]
"e46_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 233 MovieClip [e46.mc]
"e47_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 235 MovieClip [e47.mc]
"e48_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 237 MovieClip [e48.mc]
"e49_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 239 MovieClip [e49.mc]
"e50_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 241 MovieClip [e50.mc]
"e51_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 243 MovieClip [e51.mc]
"e52_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 245 MovieClip [e52.mc]
"e53_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 247 MovieClip [e53.mc]
"e54_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 249 MovieClip [e54.mc]
"e56_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 251 MovieClip [e56.mc]
"e58_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 254 MovieClip [e58.mc]
"e59_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 256 MovieClip [e59.mc]
"e60_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 258 MovieClip [e60.mc]
"e63_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 260 MovieClip [e63.mc]
"e65_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 262 MovieClip [e65.mc]
"e66_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 264 MovieClip [e66.mc]
"e67_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 266 MovieClip [e67.mc]
"e68_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 268 MovieClip [e68.mc]
"e69_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 270 MovieClip [e69.mc]
"e70_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 272 MovieClip [e70.mc]
"e71_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 274 MovieClip [e71.mc]
"e74_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 276 MovieClip [e74.mc]
"e75_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 278 MovieClip [e75.mc]
"e78_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 280 MovieClip [e78_mc]
"e79_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 282 MovieClip [e79.mc]
"e80_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 284 MovieClip [e80.mc]
"e81_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 286 MovieClip [e81.mc]
"e82_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 288 MovieClip [e82.mc]
"e83_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 290 MovieClip [e83.mc]
"e84_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 292 MovieClip [e84.mc]
"e90_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 294 MovieClip [e90.mc]
"e91_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 296 MovieClip [e91.mc]
"e92_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 298 MovieClip [e92.mc]
"e93_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 300 MovieClip [e93.mc]
"e94_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 302 MovieClip [e94.mc]
"e95_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 304 MovieClip [e95.mc]
"e102_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 306 MovieClip [e102.mc]
"e103_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 308 MovieClip [e103.mc]
"e96_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 310 MovieClip [e96.mc]
"e64_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 312 MovieClip [e64.mc]
"e10_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 314 MovieClip [e10_mc]
"e105_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 316 MovieClip [e105.mc]
"e104_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 318 MovieClip [e104.mc]
"e62_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 320 MovieClip [e62.mc]
"e61_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 322 MovieClip [e61.mc]
"e106_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 324 MovieClip [e106.mc]
"e21_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 326 MovieClip [e21.mc]
"e22_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 328 MovieClip [e22.mc]
"e89_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 330 MovieClip [e89.mc]
"e97_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 332 MovieClip [e97.mc]
"e98_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 334 MovieClip [e98.mc]
"e99_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 336 MovieClip [e99.mc]
"e100_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 338 MovieClip [e100.mc]
"e101_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 340 MovieClip [e101.mc]
"e3_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 342 MovieClip [e3.mc]
"e11_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 344 MovieClip [e11.mc]
"e19_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 346 MovieClip [e19.mc]
"e37_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 348 MovieClip [e37.mc]
"e55_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 350 MovieClip [e55.mc]
"e72_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 352 MovieClip [e72.mc]
"e88_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 354 MovieClip [e88.mc]
"e87_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 356 MovieClip [e87.mc]
"e57_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 358 MovieClip [e57.mc]
"e86_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 360 MovieClip [e86_mc]
"e85_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 362 MovieClip [e85.mc]
"e73_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 364 MovieClip [e73.mc]
"e28_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 366 MovieClip [e28.mc]
"e77_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 368 MovieClip [e77.mc]
"e76_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 370 MovieClip [e76.mc]
"1_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 399 MovieClip [1_name.mc]
"2_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 401 MovieClip [2_name.mc]
"3_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 403 MovieClip [3_name.mc]
"4_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 405 MovieClip [4_name.mc]
"5_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 407 MovieClip [5_name.mc]
"6_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 409 MovieClip [6_name.mc]
"7_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 411 MovieClip [7_name.mc]
"8_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 413 MovieClip [8_name.mc]
"9_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 415 MovieClip [9_name.mc]
"10_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 417 MovieClip [10_name.mc]
"11_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 419 MovieClip [11_name.mc]
"12_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 421 MovieClip [12_name.mc]
"13_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 423 MovieClip [13_name.mc]
"14_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 425 MovieClip [14_name.mc]
"15_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 427 MovieClip [15_name.mc]
"16_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 429 MovieClip [16_name.mc]
"17_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 431 MovieClip [17_name.mc]
"18_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 433 MovieClip [18_name.mc]
"19_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 435 MovieClip [19_name.mc]
"20_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 437 MovieClip [20_name.mc]
"21_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 439 MovieClip [21_name.mc]
"22_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 441 MovieClip [22_name.mc]
"23_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 443 MovieClip [23_name.mc]
"24_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 445 MovieClip [24_name.mc]
"25_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 447 MovieClip [25_name.mc]
"26_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 449 MovieClip [26_name.mc]
"27_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 451 MovieClip [27_name.mc]
"28_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 453 MovieClip [28_name.mc]
"29_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 455 MovieClip [29_name.mc]
"30_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 457 MovieClip [30_name.mc]
"31_name_mc"	Frame 2	Symbol 459 MovieClip [31_name.mc]
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"C_28"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 822 EditableText
"C_29"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 823 EditableText
"C_30"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 824 EditableText
"C_31"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 825 EditableText
"C_32"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 826 EditableText
"C_33"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 827 EditableText
"C_34"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 828 EditableText
"C_35"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 829 EditableText
"C_36"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 830 EditableText
"C_37"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 831 EditableText
"C_38"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 832 EditableText
"C_39"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 833 EditableText
"C_40"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 834 EditableText
"C_41"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 835 EditableText
"C_42"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 836 EditableText
"C_43"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 837 EditableText
"C_44"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 838 EditableText
"C_45"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 839 EditableText
"C_46"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 840 EditableText
"C_47"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 841 EditableText
"C_48"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 842 EditableText
"C_49"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 843 EditableText
"C_50"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 844 EditableText
"C_51"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 845 EditableText
"C_52"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 846 EditableText
"C_53"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 847 EditableText
"C_54"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 848 EditableText
"C_55"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 849 EditableText
"C_56"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 850 EditableText
"C_57"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 851 EditableText
"C_58"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 852 EditableText
"C_59"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 853 EditableText
"C_60"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 854 EditableText
"C_61"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 855 EditableText
"C_62"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 856 EditableText
"C_63"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 857 EditableText
"C_64"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 858 EditableText
"C_65"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 859 EditableText
"C_66"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 860 EditableText
"C_67"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 861 EditableText
"C_68"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 862 EditableText
"C_69"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 863 EditableText
"C_70"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 864 EditableText
"C_71"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 865 EditableText
"C_72"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 866 EditableText
"C_73"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 867 EditableText
"C_74"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 868 EditableText
"C_75"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 869 EditableText
"C_76"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 870 EditableText
"C_77"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 871 EditableText
"C_78"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 872 EditableText
"C_79"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 873 EditableText
"C_80"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 874 EditableText
"C_81"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 875 EditableText
"C_82"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 876 EditableText
"C_83"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 877 EditableText
"C_84"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 878 EditableText
"C_85"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 879 EditableText
"C_86"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 880 EditableText
"C_87"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 881 EditableText
"C_88"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 882 EditableText
"C_89"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 883 EditableText
"C_90"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 884 EditableText
"C_91"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 885 EditableText
"C_92"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 886 EditableText
"C_93"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 887 EditableText
"C_94"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 888 EditableText
"C_95"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 889 EditableText
"C_96"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 890 EditableText
"C_97"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 891 EditableText
"C_98"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 892 EditableText
"C_99"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 893 EditableText
"C_100"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 894 EditableText
"C_101"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 895 EditableText
"C_102"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 896 EditableText
"C_103"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 897 EditableText
"C_104"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 898 EditableText
"C_105"	Symbol 900 MovieClip [data_mc] Frame 1	Symbol 899 EditableText
"scrollBarAsset"	Symbol 904 MovieClip [FScrollPaneSymbol] Frame 1	Symbol 741 MovieClip [FScrollBarSymbol]
"boundingBox_mc"	Symbol 904 MovieClip [FScrollPaneSymbol] Frame 1	Symbol 755 MovieClip [FBoundingBoxSymbol]
"loadContent"	Symbol 904 MovieClip [FScrollPaneSymbol] Frame 1	Symbol 901 MovieClip
"deadPreview"	Symbol 904 MovieClip [FScrollPaneSymbol] Frame 1	Symbol 903 MovieClip

Special Tags

ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 1	Symbol 1 as "yes2_sound"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 1	Symbol 2 as "right5_sound"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 1	Symbol 3 as "right1_sound"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 1	Symbol 4 as "M_Error"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 1	Symbol 5 as "great2_sound"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 1	Symbol 6 as "good1_sound"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 1	Symbol 8 as "frb_hitArea"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 1	Symbol 32 as "frb_states"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 1	Symbol 35 as "FLabelSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 1	Symbol 38 as "FHighlightSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 1	Symbol 39 as "FUIComponentSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 1	Symbol 72 as "UpArrow"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 1	Symbol 91 as "ScrollThumb"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 1	Symbol 116 as "DownArrow"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 1	Symbol 117 as "fcb_hitArea"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 1	Symbol 139 as "fcb_states"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 1	Symbol 146 as "ins_ok_btn"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 1	Symbol 154 as "ShowScores"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 159 as "e1.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 161 as "e4.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 163 as "e12.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 165 as "e20.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 167 as "e23.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 169 as "e2.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 171 as "e5.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 173 as "e6.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 175 as "e7.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 177 as "e8.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 179 as "e9.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 181 as "e13.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 183 as "e14.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 185 as "e15.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 187 as "e16.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 189 as "e17.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 191 as "e18.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 193 as "e24.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 195 as "e25.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 197 as "e26.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 199 as "e27.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 201 as "e29.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 203 as "e30.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 205 as "e31.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 207 as "e32.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 209 as "e33.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 211 as "e34.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 213 as "e35.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 215 as "e36.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 217 as "e38.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 219 as "e39.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 221 as "e40.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 223 as "e41.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 225 as "e42.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 227 as "e43.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 229 as "e44.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 231 as "e45.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 233 as "e46.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 235 as "e47.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 237 as "e48.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 239 as "e49.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 241 as "e50.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 243 as "e51.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 245 as "e52.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 247 as "e53.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 249 as "e54.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 251 as "e56.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 254 as "e58.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 256 as "e59.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 258 as "e60.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 260 as "e63.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 262 as "e65.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 264 as "e66.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 266 as "e67.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 268 as "e68.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 270 as "e69.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 272 as "e70.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 274 as "e71.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 276 as "e74.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 278 as "e75.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 280 as "e78_mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 282 as "e79.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 284 as "e80.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 286 as "e81.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 288 as "e82.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 290 as "e83.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 292 as "e84.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 294 as "e90.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 296 as "e91.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 298 as "e92.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 300 as "e93.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 302 as "e94.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 304 as "e95.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 306 as "e102.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 308 as "e103.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 310 as "e96.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 312 as "e64.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 314 as "e10_mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 316 as "e105.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 318 as "e104.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 320 as "e62.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 322 as "e61.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 324 as "e106.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 326 as "e21.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 328 as "e22.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 330 as "e89.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 332 as "e97.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 334 as "e98.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 336 as "e99.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 338 as "e100.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 340 as "e101.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 342 as "e3.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 344 as "e11.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 346 as "e19.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 348 as "e37.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 350 as "e55.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 352 as "e72.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 354 as "e88.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 356 as "e87.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 358 as "e57.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 360 as "e86_mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 362 as "e85.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 364 as "e73.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 366 as "e28.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 368 as "e77.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 370 as "e76.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 399 as "1_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 401 as "2_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 403 as "3_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 405 as "4_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 407 as "5_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 409 as "6_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 411 as "7_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 413 as "8_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 415 as "9_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 417 as "10_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 419 as "11_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 421 as "12_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 423 as "13_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 425 as "14_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 427 as "15_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 429 as "16_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 431 as "17_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 433 as "18_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 435 as "19_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 437 as "20_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 439 as "21_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 441 as "22_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 443 as "23_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 445 as "24_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 447 as "25_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 449 as "26_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 451 as "27_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 453 as "28_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 455 as "29_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 457 as "30_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 459 as "31_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 461 as "32_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 463 as "33_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 465 as "34_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 467 as "35_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 469 as "36_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 471 as "37_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 473 as "38_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 475 as "39_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 477 as "40_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 479 as "41_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 481 as "42_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 483 as "43_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 485 as "44_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 487 as "45_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 489 as "46_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 491 as "47_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 493 as "48_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 495 as "49_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 497 as "50_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 499 as "51_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 501 as "52_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 503 as "53_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 505 as "54_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 507 as "55_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 509 as "56_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 511 as "57_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 513 as "58_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 515 as "59_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 517 as "60_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 519 as "61_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 521 as "62_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 523 as "63_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 525 as "64_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 527 as "65_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 529 as "66_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 531 as "67_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 533 as "68_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 535 as "69_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 537 as "70_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 539 as "71_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 541 as "72_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 543 as "73_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 545 as "74_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 547 as "75_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 549 as "76_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 551 as "77_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 553 as "78_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 555 as "79_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 557 as "80_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 559 as "81_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 561 as "82_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 563 as "83_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 565 as "84_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 567 as "85_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 569 as "86_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 571 as "87_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 573 as "88_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 575 as "89_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 577 as "90_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 579 as "91_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 581 as "92_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 583 as "93_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 585 as "94_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 587 as "95_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 589 as "96_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 591 as "97_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 593 as "98_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 595 as "99_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 597 as "100_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 599 as "101_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 601 as "102_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 603 as "103_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 605 as "104_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 607 as "105_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 609 as "106_name.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 620 as "atomicbox.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 741 as "FScrollBarSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 154 as "ShowScores"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 752 as "NextQuestion"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 755 as "FBoundingBoxSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 758 as "FRadioButtonSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 758 as "FRadioButtonSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 741 as "FScrollBarSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 776 as "DataProviderSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 777 as "FSelectableItemSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 778 as "FSelectableListSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 779 as "FScrollSelectListSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 780 as "FComboBoxItemSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 755 as "FBoundingBoxSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 783 as "FComboBoxSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 1 as "yes2_sound"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 2 as "right5_sound"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 3 as "right1_sound"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 4 as "M_Error"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 5 as "great2_sound"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 6 as "good1_sound"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 787 as "audioFeedback_mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 146 as "ins_ok_btn"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 900 as "data_mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 783 as "FComboBoxSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 741 as "FScrollBarSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 755 as "FBoundingBoxSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 904 as "FScrollPaneSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 905 as "elem_106.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 906 as "elem_105.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 907 as "elem_104.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 908 as "elem_103.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 909 as "elem_102.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 910 as "elem_101.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 911 as "elem_100.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 912 as "elem_99.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 913 as "elem_98.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 914 as "elem_97.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 915 as "elem_96.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 916 as "elem_95.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 917 as "elem_94.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 918 as "elem_93.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 919 as "elem_92.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 920 as "elem_91.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 921 as "elem_90.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 922 as "elem_89.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 923 as "elem_88.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 924 as "elem_87.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 925 as "elem_86.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 926 as "elem_85.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 927 as "elem_84.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 928 as "elem_83.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 929 as "elem_82.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 930 as "elem_81.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 931 as "elem_80.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 932 as "elem_79.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 933 as "elem_78.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 934 as "elem_77.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 935 as "elem_76.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 936 as "elem_75.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 937 as "elem_74.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 938 as "elem_73.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 939 as "elem_72.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 940 as "elem_71.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 941 as "elem_70.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 942 as "elem_69.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 943 as "elem_68.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 944 as "elem_67.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 945 as "elem_66.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 946 as "elem_65.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 947 as "elem_64.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 948 as "elem_63.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 949 as "elem_62.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 950 as "elem_61.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 951 as "elem_60.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 952 as "elem_59.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 953 as "elem_58.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 954 as "elem_57.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 955 as "elem_56.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 956 as "elem_55.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 957 as "elem_54.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 958 as "elem_53.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 959 as "elem_52.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 960 as "elem_51.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 961 as "elem_50.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 962 as "elem_49.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 963 as "elem_48.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 964 as "elem_47.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 965 as "elem_46.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 966 as "elem_45.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 967 as "elem_44.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 968 as "elem_43.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 969 as "elem_42.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 970 as "elem_41.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 971 as "elem_40.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 972 as "elem_39.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 973 as "elem_38.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 974 as "elem_37.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 975 as "elem_36.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 976 as "elem_35.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 977 as "elem_34.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 978 as "elem_33.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 979 as "elem_32.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 980 as "elem_31.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 981 as "elem_30.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 982 as "elem_29.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 983 as "elem_28.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 984 as "elem_27.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 985 as "elem_26.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 986 as "elem_25.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 987 as "elem_24.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 988 as "elem_23.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 989 as "elem_22.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 990 as "elem_21.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 991 as "elem_20.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 992 as "elem_19.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 993 as "elem_18.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 994 as "elem_17.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 995 as "elem_15.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 996 as "elem_16.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 997 as "elem_14.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 998 as "elem_13.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 999 as "elem_12.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 1000 as "elem_11.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 1001 as "elem_10.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 1002 as "elem_9.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 1003 as "elem_8.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 1004 as "elem_7.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 1005 as "elem_6.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 1006 as "elem_5.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 1007 as "elem_4.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 1008 as "elem_3.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 1009 as "elem_2.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 1010 as "elem_1.mp3"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 2	Symbol 1011 as "audio.mc"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 3	Symbol 904 as "FScrollPaneSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 3	Symbol 904 as "FScrollPaneSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 3	Symbol 741 as "FScrollBarSymbol"
ExportAssets (56)	Timeline Frame 3	Symbol 1011 as "audio.mc"

Labels

"frmGame"	Frame 2
"frmScore"	Frame 3
"Symbol_22"	Symbol 10 MovieClip Frame 1
"Symbol_23"	Symbol 12 MovieClip Frame 1
"unselectedEnabled"	Symbol 32 MovieClip [frb_states] Frame 1
"press"	Symbol 32 MovieClip [frb_states] Frame 2
"unselectedDisabled"	Symbol 32 MovieClip [frb_states] Frame 3
"selectedDisabled"	Symbol 32 MovieClip [frb_states] Frame 4
"selectedEnabled"	Symbol 32 MovieClip [frb_states] Frame 5
"Symbol_32"	Symbol 35 MovieClip [FLabelSymbol] Frame 1
"enabled"	Symbol 38 MovieClip [FHighlightSymbol] Frame 1
"disabled"	Symbol 38 MovieClip [FHighlightSymbol] Frame 2
"unfocused"	Symbol 38 MovieClip [FHighlightSymbol] Frame 3
"Symbol_36"	Symbol 39 MovieClip [FUIComponentSymbol] Frame 1
"up"	Symbol 139 MovieClip [fcb_states] Frame 1
"press"	Symbol 139 MovieClip [fcb_states] Frame 2
"uncheckedDisabled"	Symbol 139 MovieClip [fcb_states] Frame 3
"checkedDisabled"	Symbol 139 MovieClip [fcb_states] Frame 4
"checkedPress"	Symbol 139 MovieClip [fcb_states] Frame 5
"checkedEnabled"	Symbol 139 MovieClip [fcb_states] Frame 6
"enabled"	Symbol 755 MovieClip [FBoundingBoxSymbol] Frame 1
"disabled"	Symbol 755 MovieClip [FBoundingBoxSymbol] Frame 2
"_on"	Symbol 765 MovieClip Frame 1
"_off"	Symbol 765 MovieClip Frame 2
"_on"	Symbol 769 MovieClip Frame 1
"_off"	Symbol 769 MovieClip Frame 2
"Symbol_354"	Symbol 776 MovieClip [DataProviderSymbol] Frame 1

Dynamic Text Variables

gScoreText	Symbol 729 EditableText	""
gScoreText2	Symbol 730 EditableText	""
gScoreText3	Symbol 731 EditableText	""